Metabolic syndrome and related disorders最新文献

{"title":"Indicators of Dietary Behavior and Physical Activity Change Associated with Metabolic Control of Obesity, Hypertension, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Mexican Adults: National Nutrition and Health Survey in Mexico, 2016.","authors":"Juan Espinosa-Montero, Eric Monterrubio-Flores, Manuel Aguilar-Tamayo, Nayeli Macías-Morales, Mario Sanchez-Dominguez, Ismael Campos-Nonato","doi":"10.1089/met.2023.0264","DOIUrl":"10.1089/met.2023.0264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Obesity (OB), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), and hypertension (HTN) are health issues in Mexico linked to unhealthy behaviors. This study investigates the relationship between behavior change indicators and metabolic control in Mexican adults with OB, T2D, and HTN. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We used data from the 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey Midway (ENSANUT MC-2016), representing ∼59.5 million Mexican adults aged 20-59 with these conditions. We assessed behavior change indicators, including stages of change, self-efficacy, and perceptions of benefits and barriers. In addition, we conducted descriptive analyses and used statistical tests, such as Pearson's chi-squared test and logistic regression models, adjusted for multiple variables. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We found that adults in the action and maintenance stages of physical activity (PA) were four times more likely to have adequate HTN control than those in the precontemplation stage. Self-efficacy for PA was related to better control in T2D and HTN. Self-efficacy for reducing the consumption of sugary beverages was positively associated with control in OB and T2D. No significant association was observed with self-efficacy for consuming fruits and vegetables. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Behavior-change indicators are significantly linked to metabolic control in adults with HTN. These results support the importance of these indicators in managing chronic diseases such as HTN and their potential use in public health strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"428-438"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140864177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Dietary Flavonoids on Circadian Syndrome: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Jingkai Li, Huishan Shi, Lingyun Wang, Naifeng He","doi":"10.1089/met.2023.0245","DOIUrl":"10.1089/met.2023.0245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Altering the dietary patterns can potentially decrease the likelihood of metabolic syndrome and circadian syndrome (CircS), but it remains unclear which types of flavonoid compounds are responsible for these effects, particularly among nationally representative populations. Thus, we conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate the impact of flavonoid intake on CircS. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The study included 9212 noninstitutionalized adults from two survey cycles (2007-2008 and 2009-2010) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Data on six dietary flavonoids were collected through a 24-hr dietary recall, including isoflavones, anthocyanidins, flavan-3-ols, flavanones, flavones, and flavonols. All statistical analyses were weighted to account for the complex survey sampling design to generate nationally representative estimates. Multivariable logistic regression and propensity score matching (PSM) were performed to control for potential confounders and assess the association between the six flavonoids and risk of short sleep. <b><i>Results:</i></b> After adjusting for all covariates, only individuals with high intake of total flavanones exhibited a 28% [odds ratio (OR) = 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.64-0.83, <i>P</i> < 0.001] decrease in the risk of CircS. The results obtained through PSM were consistent with this finding (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.61-0.80, <i>P</i> < 0.001). Total flavanone intake displayed a linear dose-response relationship with the likelihood of CircS (<i>P</i> for interaction = 0.448). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our findings suggest that high dietary intakes of flavanones have beneficial effects on reducing the risk of CircS.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"385-393"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140059864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Metabolic Syndrome Among Hispanic/Latino Participants of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.","authors":"Robert A Mesa, Oriana M Damas, Neil Schneiderman, Ana M Palacio, Linda C Gallo, Gregory A Talavera, Daniela Sotres-Alvarez, Martha L Daviglus, Amber Pirzada, Maria M Llabre, Tali Elfassy","doi":"10.1089/met.2023.0298","DOIUrl":"10.1089/met.2023.0298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Purpose:</i></b> To determine whether high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is associated with incident Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) among U.S. Hispanic/Latino adults. <b><i>Patients and Methods:</i></b> The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos is a longitudinal observational cohort assessing cardiovascular health among diverse U.S. Hispanic/Latino adults. hsCRP was measured at visit 1 (2008-2011) and classified as low, moderate, or high, based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and American Heart Association (CDC/AHA) guidelines. All MetS components [abdominal obesity, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting glucose] were measured at visit 1 and visit 2 (2014-2017). MetS was defined as the presence of three or more components based on the 2005 definition from the modified Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (modified NCEP ATP III). Participants free of MetS at visit 1 and with complete data on hsCRP and all MetS components were included (<i>n</i> = 6121 participants). We used Poisson regression analysis to determine whether hsCRP was associated with incident MetS after adjusting for demographic, behavioral, and clinical factors. All analyses accounted for the complex survey design of the study. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In fully adjusted models, moderate versus low hsCRP was associated with a 33% increased risk of MetS [incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10-1.61], while high versus low hsCRP was associated with a 89% increased risk of MetS (IRR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.58-2.25). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Greater levels of hsCRP were associated with new onset of MetS in a diverse sample of U.S. Hispanic/Latino adults. Results suggest that hsCRP may be an independent risk factor for MetS.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"327-336"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140336200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship between Dietary Patterns and Metabolic Phenotypes: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Representative Sample of Iranian Industrial Employees.","authors":"Hamidreza Roohafza, Awat Feizi, Shahnaz Amani Tirani, Sahar Golpour-Hamedani, Saeede Jafari Nasab, Nizal Sarrafzadegan","doi":"10.1089/met.2023.0030","DOIUrl":"10.1089/met.2023.0030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background and Aim:</i></b> There is limited evidence to support the relationship between dietary patterns and metabolic phenotypes. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the association of dietary patterns with metabolic phenotypes among a large sample of Iranian industrial employees. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This cross-sectional study was conducted among 3,063 employees of Esfahan Steel Company, Iran. Using exploratory factor analysis, major dietary patterns were obtained from a validated short form of food frequency questionnaire. The metabolic phenotypes were defined according to Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. The independent-sample <i>t</i>-test, one-way analysis of variance, <i>χ</i>² test, and multivariable logistic regression were applied to analyze data. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Three major dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis: the Western dietary pattern, the healthy dietary pattern, and the traditional dietary pattern. After controlling for potential confounders, subjects in the highest tertile of Western dietary pattern score had a higher odds ratio (OR) for metabolically healthy obese (MHO; OR 1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29-1.94), metabolically unhealthy normal weight (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.08-3.45), and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUHO) phenotypes (OR 2.87, 95% CI 2.05-4.03) than those in the lowest tertile. Also, higher adherence to traditional dietary pattern was positively associated with a higher risk of MHO (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.56-2.34) and MUHO phenotypes (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.69-3.22) in the final model. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> There were significant associations between dietary patterns and metabolic phenotypes, suggesting the necessity of nutritional interventions in industrial employees to improve metabolic phenotype, health outcomes, and, therefore, job productivity in the workforce population.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"346-355"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140898789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inclusion of Rurality and Social Determinants of Health in Documents for the Primary Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Hanieh Sadat Tabatabaei Yeganeh, Shangwe A Kiliaki, Karthik Gnanapandithan, Ricardo Loor-Torres, Mayra Duran, Mohammed Yousufuddin, Larry J Prokop, Adrian Vella, Victor M Montori, Sagar B Dugani","doi":"10.1089/met.2023.0124","DOIUrl":"10.1089/met.2023.0124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Purpose:</i></b> The type 2 diabetes (T2D) burden is disproportionately concentrated in low- and middle-income economies, particularly among rural populations. The purpose of the systematic review was to evaluate the inclusion of rurality and social determinants of health (SDOH) in documents for T2D primary prevention. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This systematic review is reported following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. We searched 19 databases, from 2017-2023, for documents on rurality and T2D primary prevention. Furthermore, we searched online for documents from the 216 World Bank economies, categorized by high, upper-middle, lower-middle, and low income status. We extracted data on rurality and the ten World Health Organization SDOH. Two authors independently screened documents and extracted data. <b><i>Findings:</i></b> Based on 3318 documents (19 databases and online search), we selected 15 documents for data extraction. The 15 documents applied to 32 economies; 12 of 15 documents were from nongovernment sources, none was from low-income economies, and 10 of 15 documents did not define or describe rurality. Among the SDOH, income and social protection (SDOH 1) and social inclusion and nondiscrimination (SDOH 8) were mentioned in documents for 25 of 29 high-income economies, while food insecurity (SDOH 5) and housing, basic amenities, and the environment (SDOH 6) were mentioned in documents for 1 of 2 lower-middle-income economies. For U.S. documents, none of the authors was from institutions in noncore (most rural) counties. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Overall, documents on T2D primary prevention had sparse inclusion of rurality and SDOH, with additional disparity based on economic status. Inclusion of rurality and/or SDOH may improve T2D primary prevention in rural populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"315-326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11317799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140866629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Syndrome and Ischemic Stroke in Iran: Incidence and Disability-Adjusted Life Years 1990 to 2019.","authors":"Moslem Taheri-Soodejani, Marjan Rasoulian-Kasrineh, Seyyed-Mohammad Tabatabaei","doi":"10.1089/met.2023.0253","DOIUrl":"10.1089/met.2023.0253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Metabolic syndrome (MS) is one of the conditions that may increase the risk of ischemic stroke (IS). This study focuses on factors of MS related to the incidence, years of life lost (YLL), and years of life disability (YLD) caused by IS. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> The age-adjusted data (incidence, YLL, and YLD) related to four factors of MS [fasting plasma glucose, body mass index (BMI), low-density lipoprotein, and systolic blood pressure, SBP] were extracted as risk factors for IS during the years 1990 to 2019 from global burden of disease study. ARC GIS V.10 software was used to investigate the geographical distribution and the Cochran-Armitage test was used to investigate the trend of these indices. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The highest incidence of IS was reported in Golestan provinces in 2019 [women: 180 (95% UI 153-213), men: 163 (95% UI 141-191), and both genders: 172 (95% UI 149-201)]. High SBP has the highest impact on YLD (96-102 per 100,000 population in some provinces) and YLL (688-824 per 100,000 population in some provinces) in men and women (YLD: 126-156, YLL: 586-785 per 100,000 population in some provinces). High BMI has increased YLD caused by IS from 1990 (35 per 100,000 population) to 2019 (53 per 100,000 population). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Considering the importance of IS and the impact that MS has on this disease, it seems that one of the most effective possible measures is to eliminate MS. The factors of MS are mostly related to lifestyle, and MS can be controlled with a suitable plan, which can be considered as primary prevention for IS.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"337-345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139996643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Albumin Oxidation and Albumin Glycation Discordance During Type 2 Diabetes Therapy: Biological and Clinical Implications.","authors":"Madhumati S Vaishnav, Namita Kumari, Sathyanarayana Srikanta, Vinaya Simha, Patnam R Krishnaswamy, Padmanabhan Balaram, Navakanta Bhat","doi":"10.1089/met.2023.0275","DOIUrl":"10.1089/met.2023.0275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Aims:</i></b> Cys34 albumin redox modifications (reversible \"cysteinylation\" and irreversible \"di/trioxidation\"), besides being just oxidative stress biomarkers, may have primary pathogenetic roles to initiate and/or aggravate cell, tissue, and vascular damage in diabetes. In an exploratory \"proof-of-concept\" pilot study, we examined longitudinal changes in albumin oxidation during diabetes therapy. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Mass spectrometric analysis was utilized to monitor changes in human serum albumin (HSA) post-translational modifications {glycation [glycated albumin (GA)], cysteinylation [cysteinylated albumin (CA) or human non-mercaptalbumin-1; reversible], di/trioxidation (di/trioxidized albumin or human non-mercaptalbumin-2; irreversible), and truncation (truncated albumin)} during ongoing therapy. Four informative groups of subjects were evaluated [type 1 diabetes (T1DM), type 2 diabetes (T2DM), prediabetes-obesity, and healthy controls] at baseline, and subjects with diabetes were followed for a period up to 280 days. <b><i>Results:</i></b> At baseline, T2DM was associated with relatively enhanced albumin cysteinylation (CA% total) compared with T1DM (<i>P</i> = 0.004), despite comparable mean hyperglycemia (<i>P</i> values: hemoglobin A1c = 0.09; GA = 0.09). T2DM, compared with T1DM, exhibited selectively and significantly higher elevations of all the \"individual\" glycated cum cysteinylated (\"multimodified\") albumin isoforms (<i>P</i> values: CysHSA+1G = 0.003; CysHSA+2G = 0.007; and CysHSA+3G = 0.001). Improvements in glycemic control and decreases in albumin glycation during diabetes therapy in T2DM were not always associated with concurrent reductions of albumin cysteinylation, and in some therapeutic situations, albumin cysteinylation worsened (glycation-cysteinylation discordance). Important differences were observed between the effects of sulfonylureas and metformin on albumin molecular modifications. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> T2DM was associated with higher oxidative (cysteinylation) and combined (cysteinylation plus glycation) albumin molecular modifications, which are not ameliorated by improved glucose control alone. Further studies are required to establish the clinical significance and optimal therapeutic strategies to address oxidative protein damage and resulting consequences in diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"372-384"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140857043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular Vesicles and Their Correlation with Inflammatory Factors in an Experimental Model of Steatotic Liver Disease Associated with Metabolic Dysfunction.","authors":"Melina Belén Keingeski, Larisse Longo, Vitória Brum da Silva Nunes, Fabrício Figueiró, Danieli Rosane Dallemole, Adriana Raffin Pohlmann, Thalia Michele Vier Schmitz, Patrícia Luciana da Costa Lopez, Mário Reis Álvares-da-Silva, Carolina Uribe-Cruz","doi":"10.1089/met.2023.0284","DOIUrl":"10.1089/met.2023.0284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising as a biomarker of metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). The objective is to study EVs and their involvement in MASLD concerning the disease's pathogenesis and progression characteristics. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Male adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into two experimental models of MASLD: MASLD-16 and MASLD-28, animals received a choline-deficient high-fat diet (CHFD) and Control-16 and Control-28, animals received a standard diet (SD) for 16 and 28 weeks, respectively. Biological samples from these animal models were used, as well as previously registered variables. EVs from hepatic tissue were characterized using confocal microscopy. EVs were isolated through differential ultracentrifugation from serum and characterized using NanoSight. The data from the EVs were correlated with biochemical, molecular, and histopathological parameters. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Liver EVs were identified through the flotillin-1 protein. EVs were isolated from the serum of all groups. There was a decrease of EVs concentration in MASLD-28 in comparison with Control-28 (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and a significant increase in EVs concentration in Control-28 compared with Control-16 (<i>P</i> < 0.001). There was a strong correlation between serum EVs concentration with hepatic gene expression of interleukin (<i>Il</i>)<i>6</i> (<i>r</i>² = 0.685, <i>P</i> < 0.05), <i>Il1b</i> (<i>r</i>² = 0.697, <i>P</i> < 0.05) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (<i>Tnfa</i>; <i>r</i>² = 0.636, <i>P</i> < 0.05) in MASLD-16. Moreover, there was a strong correlation between serum EVs size and <i>Il10</i> in MASLD-28 (<i>r</i>² = 0.762, <i>P</i> < 0.05). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The concentration and size of EVs correlated with inflammatory markers, suggesting their involvement in the systemic circulation, cellular communication, and development and progression of MASLD, demonstrating that EVs have the potential to serve as noninvasive biomarkers for MASLD diagnosis and prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"394-401"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140158468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salt Intake in Adults with Diabetes and Hypertension: The Longitudinal Study of Adult Health-Brasil Study.","authors":"Natália Gonçalves Ribeiro, Deborah F Lelis, Rosane H Griep, Sandhi M Barreto, Maria Del Carmen B Molina, Maria I Schmidt, Bruce B Duncan, Isabela Bensenor, Paulo A Lotufo, José G Mill, Marcelo Perim Baldo","doi":"10.1089/met.2023.0304","DOIUrl":"10.1089/met.2023.0304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background and Objective:</i></b> Hypertension and type-2 diabetes are strong risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, and their management requires lifestyle changes, including a shift in dietary habits. The consumption of salt has increased in the last decades in some countries, but its association with type-2 diabetes remains unknown. Thus, we aimed to estimate the amount of salt intake among adults with and without diabetes and to assess whether concomitant hypertension and diabetes are associated with higher salt intake. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Data from 11,982 adults 35-74 years of age enrolled in the baseline of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health-Brasil study (2008-2010) were studied. A clinical and anthropometric evaluation was performed, and their daily salt intake was estimated by the overnight 12-hr urine sodium excretion. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Salt intake (gram per day) was higher in participants with diabetes as compared with those without diabetes, regardless of sex (men: 14.2 ± 6.4 vs. 12.4 ± 5.6, <i>P</i> < 0.05; women: 10.5 ± 4.8 vs. 9.1 ± 4.1, <i>P</i> < 0.05). However, salt intake is high in participants with fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL or HbA1c ≥6.5%, but not in participants with blood glucose 2 hr after the glucose tolerance test ≥200 mg/dL. When hypertension and diabetes coexisted, salt consumption was higher than among people without these conditions. The prevalence of hypertension increased with increasing salt intake in women with diabetes, but not in men with this condition. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our findings highlight the high consumption of salt in individuals with diabetes and/or hypertension, and the need for effective strategies to reduce salt consumption in these groups of increased risk for major cardiovascular events, especially in women.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"356-364"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140336201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homocysteine Facilitates the Formation of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque Through Inflammatory and Noninflammatory Mechanisms.","authors":"Qiang Zhang, Chunxi Wu, Xiaoqing Tan, Can Li, Ying Liu, Shixia Hu","doi":"10.1089/met.2023.0293","DOIUrl":"10.1089/met.2023.0293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) was considered a significant risk factor in the development and progression of carotid atherosclerosis (CAS), which involves a combination of inflammatory and noninflammatory mechanisms. However, epidemiological surveys have presented conflicting results. In this study, we aim to offer an epidemiological viewpoint on how elevated Hcy impacts CAS and its potential mechanisms. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured to assess the inflammatory status. The estimation of CAS events was performed by assessing carotid intima-media thickness using Doppler ultrasonography. Univariate analysis was conducted to investigate the variations in biochemical parameters among three groups: normal, carotid atherosclerotic thickening (CAT), and carotid atherosclerotic plaque (CAP) formation. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the risk factors associated with the progression of CAT and CAP. In addition, multivariate linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the independent factors that correlated with hsCRP levels. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The study encompassed 3897 participants, with 2992 (76.8%) being males and 905 (23.2%) being females. The incidence of CAT and CAP rose with higher Hcy levels, with an overall odds ratio (OR) of 2.04 [95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.69-2.40] for CAT and 2.68 (95% CI 2.32-3.05) for CAP. After adjusting for gender, age, and blood markers, the OR for CAT and CAP decreased, with an overall OR of 1.05 (95% CI 0.81-1.28) and OR of 1.24 (95% CI 1.02-1.46), respectively. CAP risk independently increased when Hcy level exceeded 19.7 μmol/L (<i>P</i> = 0.030), but not CAT risk (<i>P</i> = 0.299). The impact of hsCRP on CAS events is similar to that of Hcy, and a multiple linear analysis found a significant independent correlation between hsCRP and Hcy (<i>P</i> = 0.001). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Elevated Hcy levels can facilitate the formation of CAP through both inflammatory and noninflammatory processes, but it does not independently influence CAT.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"365-371"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139996700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}