Metabolic syndrome and related disorders最新文献

{"title":"Inflammatory Gene Expression, Insulin Resistance, and Circulating Markers Vary by Visceral Adiposity in Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.","authors":"Yi-Hsuan Lin, Chia-Chen Ma, Shin-Yu Tsai, Shiao-Ya Hong, Ying-Ying Yang, Chien-Wei Su, Hsiao-Chin Shen, Ming-Chih Hou","doi":"10.1177/15578518261427179","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578518261427179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is driven by complex immune and inflammatory mechanisms. Visceral adiposity, a key contributor, worsens inflammation, immune dysregulation, and insulin resistance.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examines correlations between inflammatory genes, insulin resistance markers, and inflammatory markers across visceral adiposity levels in patients with MASLD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 102 patients with MASLD. Assessments included body mass index, visceral adiposity index (VAI), a body shape index (ABSI), inflammatory markers, gene expression from peripheral white blood cells, and serologic inflammatory proteins. We calculated insulin resistance markers, such as homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio, triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, and neutrophil-to-HDL ratio (NHR). Pearson correlation coefficients evaluated parameter associations between low and high VAI and ABSI groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The higher VAI group presented with some elevated markers, such as HOMA-IR (5.21 ± 3.42 <i>vs.</i> 4.34 ± 4.62), TG/HDL-C (4.08 ± 1.97 <i>vs.</i> 2.20 ± 1.07), TyG (9.03 ± 0.48 <i>vs</i>. 8.70 ± 0.51), and NHR (1.86 ± 0.75 <i>vs.</i> 1.45 ± 0.64) compared with the low VAI group, indicating potentially greater insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-6 genes were strongly correlated in the low VAI group (<i>R</i> = 0.94, <i>P</i> < 0.001) but more weakly correlated in the high VAI group (<i>R</i> = 0.63, <i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight differential immune changes across visceral adiposity levels in MASLD, supporting the need for tailored interventions based on adiposity profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"201-215"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147390388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Risk Assessment Using the Triglyceride-Glucose Index in Patients with Adrenal Insufficiency on Glucocorticoid Therapy.","authors":"Abdurrahman Sadıç, Ümmü Mutlu, Nubar Rasulova, Hülya Hacışahinoğulları, Gülşah Yenidünya Yalın, Nurdan Gül, Ayşe Kubat Üzüm, Özlem Soyluk Selçukbiricik","doi":"10.1177/15578518261425510","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578518261425510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is an endocrine condition requiring lifelong glucocorticoid replacement treatment. Long-term exposure to glucocorticoids may result in significant metabolic problems, such as insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, and increased cardiometabolic risk. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a simple, inexpensive marker of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome (MetS), increasingly used in endocrine and metabolic research, but its role in AI remains insufficiently researched. This study aimed to assess the clinical utility of the TyG index in patients with AI.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This was a single-center, cross-sectional observational study including 58 patients with primary or secondary AI receiving glucocorticoid replacement therapy. Demographic, clinical, and anthropometric data were recorded, and body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The TyG index was calculated using fasting triglyceride and glucose values. MetS was diagnosed according to the International Diabetes Federation 2009 criteria. The relationships between TyG and metabolic risk factors were examined, and TyG levels were investigated in the primary AI and secondary AI groups. The discriminative value of TyG for MetS was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, including pairwise area under the curve (AUC) comparisons and the Youden-optimal threshold.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age was 44.8 ± 15.6 years, and 28 patients (48.3%) were female. Secondary and primary AI were present in 53.4% and 46.6% of patients, respectively. MetS prevalence was 31.0%. TyG was higher in secondary AI compared with primary AI (8.8 ± 0.7 vs. 8.4 ± 0.5; <i>p</i> = 0.014). TyG values were higher in patients with elevated waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), high waist-to-hip ratio, obesity, and MetS (<i>p</i> < 0.05). ROC analysis showed that TyG had the strongest discriminative value for identifying MetS (AUC = 0.840, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.722-0.959; <i>p</i> < 0.001), with a cut-off of 8.49 yielding 94.4% sensitivity and 67.5% specificity, followed by WHtR (AUC = 0.826, 95% CI: 0.719-0.932, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and body mass index (AUC = 0.757, 95% CI: 0.631-0.883, <i>p</i> = 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study evaluates TyG in AI and indicates which it is a simple, low-cost marker associated with metabolic risk. TyG may support early identification and risk stratification in this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"164-171"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146258088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coronary Artery Calcium Score Is Associated with Steatotic Liver Disease, Fatty Pancreas, and Benign Pancreaticobiliary Disorders, Independent of Metabolic Syndrome.","authors":"Ariel A Benson, Hussein Bkirat, Liora Bruckmayer, Adi Nubani, Qasim Odeh, Arik Wolak, Mahmud Mahamid","doi":"10.1177/15578518261420782","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578518261420782","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coronary artery calcium (CAC) score is a predictor of ischemic heart disease and closely linked to metabolic syndrome (MS). This study investigates the relationship between CAC and benign hepato-pancreaticobiliary disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study was conducted on individuals who underwent cardiac computed tomography scans between 2015 and 2022 at a tertiary medical center. Multivariate logistic regression explored the association between CAC and potential confounders. Additionally, a logistic regression model was applied to determine whether CAC independently predicts benign hepato-pancreaticobiliary disorders [steatotic liver disease (SLD), fatty pancreas, gallstones, choledocholithiasis, pancreatic calcifications, and pancreatic duct stones].</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 2422 individuals, 725 met inclusion. Univariate regression analysis indicated CAC was significantly linked to SLD, older age, male sex, and MS. Both SLD and fatty pancreas showed an association with CAC in individuals with and without MS (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that CAC was independently associated with increasing age [OR: 1.18 (95% CI: 1.15-1.62), <i>P</i> < 0.001], male sex [OR: 3.12 (95% CI: 2.52-4.26), <i>P</i> < 0.001], MS [OR: 1.29 (95% CI: 1.25-2.45), <i>P</i> < 0.001], SLD [OR: 1.26 (95% CI: 1.12-2.42), <i>P</i> < 0.001], fatty pancreas [OR: 1.79 (95% CI: 1.19-1.98), <i>P</i> < 0.001], gallstones [OR: 1.82 (95% CI: 1.64-2.05), <i>P</i> < 0.001], choledocholithiasis [OR: 1.21 (95% CI: 1.19-2.62), <i>P</i> < 0.001], and pancreatic calcifications [OR: 1.74 (95% CI: 1.12-2.32), <i>P</i> < 0.001], regardless of MS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The CAC score is correlated with an increased prevalence of SLD, fatty pancreas, and other benign pancreaticobiliary conditions, independent of MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"159-163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146125651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive Value of the Triglyceride-Glucose Index for Metabolic Syndrome in Adults from Southeastern Mexico.","authors":"Azalia Avila-Nava, Roberto Lugo, Brenda Pacheco-Hernández, Elda Pacheco-Pantoja, Ana Ligia Gutiérrez-Solis","doi":"10.1177/15578518261416761","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578518261416761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The clinical significance of metabolic syndrome (MetS) stems from its strong association with the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), which are the top causes of death worldwide. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, has been proposed as a simple diagnostic tool; however, its predictive value for MetS has not been evaluated in southeastern Mexico. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of the TyG index for MetS in adults from Yucatán.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 adults (77 men, 173 women) attending the Regional High Specialty Hospital of the Yucatan Peninsula, IMSS-Bienestar. Anthropometric and biochemical data were collected under standardized procedures. The TyG index was calculated as ln ([fasting triglycerides × fasting glucose]/2). Logistic regression and ROC curve analyses were performed to evaluate the discriminatory capacity of the TyG index, adjusted for sex and age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher TyG index quartiles were associated with increased age, waist circumference, blood pressure, and prevalence of MetS (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The TyG index showed a positive trend with the number of MetS components (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The area under the curve for TyG was 0.79 (95% confidence interval: 0.73-0.85, <i>p</i> < 0.001), improving to 0.83 after adjustment for sex and age, with 72% sensitivity and 80% specificity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The TyG index demonstrated strong predictive and discriminative ability for MetS and, as a simple, cost-effective measure derived from routine laboratory tests, represents a practical screening tool for clinicians in southeastern Mexico.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":"24 4","pages":"172-177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147662988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Cardiometabolic Index with Mortality Risk in Early-Stage Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome and Its Potential Role in Metabolically Unhealthy Phenotypes: Evidence from NHANES 2007-2018.","authors":"Haoyu Liu, Yunhui Chen, Xue Yang, Tianqi Pan, Shouyan Wang","doi":"10.1177/15578518261423748","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578518261423748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The cardiometabolic index (CMI) has emerged as a composite marker of metabolic dysfunction. However, its prognostic value for mortality in early-stage cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between CMI and mortality risk in individuals with CKM stages 0-3, and to assess whether CMI provides incremental predictive value over body mass index (BMI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included 11,280 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2018 with CKM stages 0-3. CMI was calculated as (triglycerides/HDL-C) × waist-to-height ratio. Mortality outcomes were ascertained through linkage with the National Death Index through December 31, 2019. Survey-weighted Cox proportional hazards regression and restricted cubic splines were used to examine associations. Kaplan-Meier survival curves with log-rank tests were employed to compare survival probabilities across CMI-BMI discordance phenotypes. Random survival forest models compared the predictive performance of CMI versus BMI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up of 6.2 years, 623 all-cause deaths and 159 cardiovascular deaths occurred. In fully adjusted models, participants in the highest CMI quartile had significantly elevated risks of all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.55, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.15-2.09] and cardiovascular mortality (HR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.05-3.46) compared with the lowest quartile. Restricted cubic spline analyses revealed significant nonlinear associations, with inflection points at CMI of 2.51 for all-cause mortality and 1.06 for cardiovascular mortality. In the overweight subgroup and among diabetic patients, CMI demonstrated superior risk stratification compared with BMI. Notably, metabolically obese normal-weight individuals exhibited significantly worse survival than metabolically healthy obese individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CMI is independently associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in early-stage CKM syndrome, with evidence of threshold effects. CMI may serve as a valuable complementary tool to BMI for identifying high-risk individuals, particularly among those with metabolically unhealthy phenotypes masked by normal weight status.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"148-158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146197817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Triglyceride-glucose Index and Obesity Metrics with Cardiovascular Disease Among U.S. Adults with Hyperlipidemia: Findings from the NHANES 2007-2016.","authors":"Peixin Lan, Tianwei Lan","doi":"10.1177/15578518251413507","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578518251413507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hyperlipidemia constitutes a systemic metabolic disorder. The correlation of cardiovascular disease [CVD] with the triglyceride-glucose index [TyG] in individuals with hyperlipidemia remains unclear. The current study examined the associations of CVD risk with TyG and obesity metrics in individuals with hyperlipidemia in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study used a cross-sectional approach utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning the years 2007-2016. Restricted cubic spline [RCS] and weighted logistic regression [WLR] analyses were executed to evaluate the associations of CVD risk with TyG and obesity metrics in individuals with hyperlipidemia. Subgroup analyses were further performed to evaluate the robustness of these correlations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The present study cohort comprised 7144 participants, including 720 with CVD. WLR revealed that TyG-body mass index [BMI], TyG-WC-to-height ratio [WHtR], and TyG-waist circumference [WC] were markedly linked to elevated CVD risk [TyG-BMI: odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.70 (1.21-2.39), <i>P</i> = 0.003; TyG-WC: 1.62 (1.17-2.24), <i>P</i> = 0.004; TyG-WHtR: 1.67 (1.21-2.30), <i>P</i> = 0.002], whereas TyG alone showed no statistically significant correlation [1.14 (0.81-1.61), <i>P</i> = 0.443]. RCS analysis demonstrated a marked linear positive correlation of CVD risk with TyG combined with obesity metrics. Subgroup analyses further verified the robustness and reliability of these findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among U.S. individuals with hyperlipidemia, no independent association of CVD risk with TyG alone was observed. Nevertheless, TyG combined with obesity metrics exhibited a significant correlation with CVD. TyG integrated with obesity indicators may provide enhanced predictive capability for detecting individuals with heightened early-stage CVD risk among populations with hyperlipidemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":"24 4","pages":"139-147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Albuminuria and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease with Advanced Fibrosis in Primary Care.","authors":"Jingwen Zhang, Ahmed Mohamed, Justin Marsden, Chloe Bays, Andrew D Schreiner","doi":"10.1177/15578518251406217","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578518251406217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are linked through the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) health spectrum. This study examines the association between albuminuria and advanced liver fibrosis, both prognostic risk factors for severe kidney and liver outcomes, in patients with MASLD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of primary care patients with MASLD between 2012 and 2023. Urinary microalbumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) was the primary predictor variable and categorized as elevated (≥30 mg/g) or normal (<30 mg/g). The primary outcome was a fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) at high risk for advanced fibrosis (≥2.67). Bivariate analyses described the cohort overall and by uACR status. Logistic regression models estimated the association of an elevated uACR with a FIB-4 at high risk for advanced fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample included 463 patients of whom 45% had a uACR ≥30 mg/g and 9% had an FIB-4 ≥2.67. In the unadjusted logistic Firth regression model, uACR ≥30 mg/g was associated with an increased odds of having a high-risk FIB-4 (odds ratio [OR] 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-3.90). After adjusting for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), there was no significant association between uACR ≥30 mg/g and a high-risk FIB-4 (OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 0.88-3.39). Using a predictor variable combining uACR and eGFR measures, the unadjusted (OR: 3.83; 95% CI: 1.77-8.25) and adjusted (OR: 2.87; 95% CI: 1.29-6.37) logistic Firth regression models demonstrated an association between ACR ≥30 mg/g and eGFR <59 mL/min with the outcome of a high-risk FIB-4.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Albuminuria and reduced eGFR were associated with measures of advanced fibrosis in primary care patients with MASLD, highlighting the link between CKD and MASLD along the CKM health spectrum.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"103-111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13274798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145834476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semaglutide-Induced Weight Loss Is the Main Determinant for the Improvement of Hepatic Biochemistry and Elastographic Repeated Measurements with FibroScan® in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.","authors":"Savvoula Savvidou, Elektra Augousti-Varela, Aikaterini Damianakou, Miltiadis Chalkias, Ioannis Stergiou","doi":"10.1177/15578518251409025","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578518251409025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Semaglutide is currently being investigated for its effectiveness in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), irrespective of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) presence, even though its action on hepatic fibrosis is still debated. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of semaglutide on hepatic parameters in patients with both T2DM and MASLD in real-world clinical practice, and to further assess the significance of weight loss during treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In consecutive patients with T2DM and MASLD, hepatic biochemistry and Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score were recorded. In participants with high FIB-4, elastographic liver stiffness measurements (LSM) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) were acquired with FibroScan® before and after treatment with semaglutide. For within-group comparisons, Wilcoxon signed ranked test for related samples was performed, while the role of weight loss was further investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 111 patients were included: 31 males (27.9%), with a mean age 56.4 ± 9.7 years old, body mass index 32.7 ± 6.3 kg/m², and median glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) 5.8% (interquartile range [IQR]: 5.6-6.2). Semaglutide (0.5-2.4 mg/week) was administered subcutaneously for a median of 12 months (IQR: 6.6-17). Thirty-three patients (29.7%) had aspartate aminotransferase and/or alanine aminotransferase above normal, and 35 (31.5%) high FIB-4 score. Apart from an overall drop in HbA1c of 5.6% (IQR: 1.6-8.6) and weight loss of 10% (IQR: 3.2-19.6), statistically significant reductions were recorded in all liver enzymes and elastographic parameters (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In multiple regression analysis, weight loss was found to independently predict improvements in aminotransferases and measured CAP (<i>p</i> < 0.001), irrespective of treatment duration and baseline FIB-4.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this cohort of T2DM/MASLD patients with baseline optimal glycemic control, semaglutide-induced weight loss led to significant improvements of all hepatic parameters (biochemistry, liver stiffness, and steatosis assessed with CAP), even in MASLD patients with baseline liver enzymes within normal. This study supports the advantages of semaglutide administration in concomitant T2DM and MASLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":"24 3","pages":"121-128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147627675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Blood Pressure Circadian Rhythm in Patients with Essential Hypertension, and Differences in Blood Lipids and Carotid Plaque Formation Among Patients with Different Blood Pressure Circadian Rhythms.","authors":"Ningjun Zhu, Yanmei Zhang, Mengli Li, Zhen Wang","doi":"10.1177/15578518251409719","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578518251409719","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) circadian rhythm in patients with essential hypertension, and to analyze differences in lipid profiles and carotid plaque prevalence across different dipping patterns.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 443 patients with essential hypertension were enrolled from the Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, between July 1, 2024, and July 30, 2025. Based on 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), they were categorized into four groups: dippers (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 79), nondippers (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 224), reverse-dippers (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 127), and extreme-dippers (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 13). Clinical data were collected to analyze the associations between BP circadian rhythm, BMI, blood lipid profiles, and carotid plaque formation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Significant differences were observed among the four groups in BMI (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.038, η&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.019), total cholesterol (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.040, η&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.019), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.028, η&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.021), and triglyceride levels (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.025). The prevalence of carotid intima-media thickening (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05, Cramer's V = 0.265) and carotid plaque formation (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05, Cramer's V = 0.303) also significantly differed among the groups. The reverse-dipper group had a higher detection rate of carotid intima-media thickening (85, 66.9%) than the dipper (27, 34.2%) and nondipper (90, 40.2%) groups. The detection rate of carotid plaque formation in the reverse-dipper group (80, 63%) was higher than in the other three groups. BMI levels were significantly higher in the nondipper group (26.43 ± 4.30) and the reverse-dipper group (26.25 ± 4.41) compared with the dipper group (24.82 ± 4.48) (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Total cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the nondipper group (4.89 ± 1.09) than in the dipper group (4.52 ± 1.03) (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.006). LDL-C levels were significantly elevated in the nondipper group (3.06 ± 0.84) and the extreme-dipper group (3.38 ± 0.93) compared with the dipper group (2.77 ± 0.82) (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Triglyceride levels were significantly higher in the nondipper group (1.79 [1.38, 2.53]) than in the dipper group (1.44 [0.95, 2.36]) (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.015). Logistic regression analysis indicated that BMI and the presence of carotid plaque were independent risk factors for an abnormal BP circadian rhythm (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Advanced age, an abnormal BP circadian rhythm, and comorbid coronary heart disease were identified as risk factors for carotid plaque formation (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;In patients with essential hypertension, elevated BMI levels and carotid plaque formation may be associated with abnormal circadian BP rhythms. Patients with abnormal circadian BP rhythms exhibit varying degrees of elevated blood lipid levels, which may also be","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"129-136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147444241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waist Circumference as a Predictor of Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis in the NHANES 2017-2018 Cohort.","authors":"Nikhila Janakiram, Sadhana Puri, Arthi Thirumalai","doi":"10.1177/15578518261419363","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578518261419363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Steatotic liver disease (SLD) is a prevalent condition that can progress to fibrosis if untreated. The most commonly used screening tool for liver disease is the FIB-4 score, which can help rule out advanced liver fibrosis. This study aims to assess whether a simple tool such as waist circumference (WC) can screen for both hepatic steatosis and fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was based on analysis of patient data from the NHANES 2017-2018 database, including WC, laboratory values, and Fibroscan data. Of 9254 participants, 6846 were excluded due to incomplete or missing lab and Fibroscan data (2408 included). Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curve analyses assessed the performance of WC, fatty liver index (FLI), and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) in predicting steatosis at two cut-off points: controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) ≥248 dB/m and ≥294 dB/m. ROC analyses also compared WC and FIB-4 performance in predicting significant fibrosis based on liver stiffness measurement (LSM) cutoff: <8.2 kPa (F0-F1) or ≥8.2 kPa (F2-F4). Analyses were performed using JMP Pro version 17.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>WC was shown to be a strong predictor of steatosis and fibrosis among men and women. WC and FLI were comparable predictors for steatosis among men; however, FLI outperformed WC as a predictor of steatosis among women. WC and FLI were shown to be more effective predictors of steatosis in men and women at both CAP cutoff values when compared with HOMA-IR. All three measures were more predictive of steatosis in men than in women. In a subgroup analysis of 1053 participants ages 35-65 years, WC outperformed FIB-4 in predicting significant fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>WC is an independent predictor of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis among US adults. WC should be measured routinely in primary care settings, facilitating earlier intervention for those at risk for liver steatosis and fibrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"112-120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146125654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}