{"title":"Flexible Gelatin/PVA/LNH Salogels for Synergistic Hygroscopic and Thermal Management","authors":"Chenxiao Yin, Jingrui Sun, Wei Ni, Ling-Ying Shi","doi":"10.1002/app.57166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.57166","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With the global energy shortage and deterioration of the human living environment as well as the increasing demand for personal protective equipment under extreme environments, phase change materials (PCMs) have received much attention due to their excellent energy storage and reusability. Herein, lithium nitrate trihydrate (LNH), one of the particularly promising low-temperature salt hydrate PCMs, was encapsulated with three-dimensional (3D) gelatin/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) cross-linking networks to fabricate flexible, stretchable, and form-stable phase change salogels. Specifically, the salogels were fabricated by dissolving macromolecular gelatin and PVA in melted LNH and then cross-linked using 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE). The encapsulation using a 3D cross-linked polymer network can effectively solve the problems of melting leakage/flowing and water-loss drying/hygroscopic deliquescence of LNH. The results showed that the gelatin/PVA/LNH salogels exhibit good form stability, high latent heat (~170.9 J g<sup>−1</sup>), and excellent hygroscopic properties with the saturation water absorption of dry gels up to 1.730 g g<sup>−1</sup>. Meanwhile, the gelatin/PVA/LNH salogels show good mechanical properties, and their elongation at break could reach 1086%. Therefore, these hygroscopic phase change salogels are expected to be applicable in wearable devices for human low-temperature thermal and humidity management.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dawn D. Rhee, Grant A. Floyd, Joseph A. Sarver, Erdogan Kiran
{"title":"Melting and Crystallization Temperatures of Ethylene-Octene Block Copolymers in Compressed Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen","authors":"Dawn D. Rhee, Grant A. Floyd, Joseph A. Sarver, Erdogan Kiran","doi":"10.1002/app.57143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.57143","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Melting and crystallization temperatures of poly(ethylene-co-octene) and a lightly crosslinked form of the polymer have been measured in both carbon dioxide and nitrogen over a pressure range up to 200 bar. The measurements have been made by high-pressure torsional braid analysis. Swelling with and sorption of CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub> in these polymers were also determined at 200 bar as a function of temperature using a magnetic suspension balance. The results show that both polymers display a depression of both the melting and crystallization temperatures in carbon dioxide. However, at pressures above 100 bar, a tendency for these transition temperatures to increase is observed. In compressed nitrogen, uncrosslinked polymer shows a small decrease in <i>T</i>\u0000 <sub>\u0000 <i>m</i>\u0000 </sub> and <i>T</i>\u0000 <sub>\u0000 <i>c</i>\u0000 </sub> again with the trend showing an increase at pressures above 100 bar. In contrast, the crosslinked polymer displays an increase in <i>T</i>\u0000 <sub>\u0000 <i>m</i>\u0000 </sub> and <i>T</i>\u0000 <sub>\u0000 <i>c</i>\u0000 </sub> at all nitrogen pressures. The differences in the <i>T</i>\u0000 <sub>\u0000 <i>m</i>\u0000 </sub> and <i>T</i>\u0000 <sub>\u0000 <i>c</i>\u0000 </sub> of these polymers in CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub> are discussed in terms of changes in the relative rigidity, damping, and relative importance of the diluent versus hydrostatic effects on the thermal transitions of polymers in these compressed fluids.</p>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/app.57143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preparation of Nitrocellulose Nanoparticles and Its Application in Ethyl Cellulose Film as a Reinforcing Agent","authors":"Yafei Wang, Fuqiang Du, Wenhao Fan, Yajun Ding","doi":"10.1002/app.57144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.57144","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ethyl cellulose (EC) films are biodegradable cellulose materials with a wide variety of possible applications because of their outstanding film-forming qualities and customizable physicochemical characteristics. However, problems including low mechanical strength, poor chemical stability, and excessive usage of hazardous solvents limit their application in the industry. The use of nanofillers has been shown to be a tactic for improving ethyl cellulose's functioning to overcome these problems. In this study, nano-sized aqueous dispersions of nitrocellulose (NC) with different nitrogen contents (13.1%, 12.6%, and 11.7%) were created using a solvent replacement technique that can eliminate organic solvents. The shape, chemical structure, thermal characteristics, moisture absorption, and mechanical performance of the composite films were all thoroughly examined utilizing SEM, FTIR, DSC, TGA, dynamic vapor sorption, and a universal testing apparatus. The activation energy of S-NC(B)-8 wt% was twice than the EC film, suggesting that the thermal disintegration temperature of the EC-NC composite films was raised. The samples' mass loss was less than 6% following a 24-h soak in water, indicating strong water resistance. The tensile strength of the EC-NC composite films increased by up to 77% when compared to the EC film, which showed that the insertion of NC nanoparticles greatly increased the mechanical strength of the films.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marta Zaccone, Rosa Vio, Zakarya Baouch, Dario Cavallo, Marco Monti
{"title":"Relationship Between Crystallization, Mechanical Properties, and Disintegration in Compost of Polyhydroxybutyrate Containing Different Nucleating Agents","authors":"Marta Zaccone, Rosa Vio, Zakarya Baouch, Dario Cavallo, Marco Monti","doi":"10.1002/app.57123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.57123","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is one of the most promising bio-based and biodegradable polymers because of its highly interesting properties. In this paper, we report an in-depth study on the crystallization kinetics induced by different nucleating agents and how the obtained morphology can be related to the mechanical behavior and capacity of disintegrating in a composting environment. The different nucleating agents are added at a fixed content to PHB by melt compounding. The crystallization process is studied by DSC and the crystalline morphology by polarized optical microscopy. Mechanical performance is studied both by tensile and impact tests. Disintegration in compost, which represents the first step of the biodegradation process, is also performed. As a result, the nucleating efficiency of the different additives is evaluated, demonstrating how a more effective nucleating process is related to better mechanical properties. Finally, although PHB shows a good disintegration in compost in all cases, the presence of the nucleating agents, and thus a different crystalline morphology, leads to a slower compost disintegration process.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144244861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhuo Zhang, Bitun Wang, Xu Zhang, Zhaofeng Wang, Qun Ding, Xiaowei Liu, Wang Lu, Zhiguo Li, Yang Liu
{"title":"Design and Performance of Hydrophilic Poly(Aryl Ether Oxadiazole) Ultrafiltration Membranes With Good Antifouling Properties","authors":"Zhuo Zhang, Bitun Wang, Xu Zhang, Zhaofeng Wang, Qun Ding, Xiaowei Liu, Wang Lu, Zhiguo Li, Yang Liu","doi":"10.1002/app.57142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.57142","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To develop high-performance antifouling ultrafiltration membrane materials, a novel poly(aryl ether oxadiazole) (PAEO) was designed and prepared. Subsequently, a modified poly(aryl ether oxadiazole) containing phenolic hydroxyl groups (PAEO-OH) was further synthesized by reacting the oxadiazole ring with the amino group at high temperature. The introduction of hydroxyl groups in PAEO-OH enhanced its hydrophilicity and increased the pure water flux compared to the 3-PAEO membrane, while maintaining a rejection ratio exceeding 90%. The antifouling performance of the 3-PAEO-OH membrane was evaluated using a three-cycle ultrafiltration experiment, which showed over 90% reversible fouling and more than 80% flux recovery, highlighting its excellent antifouling characteristics. Additionally, the antifouling and separation performance of the PAEO-OH membrane, prepared with varying PVP content, was analyzed. The results revealed that optimal performance was achieved with a PVP content of 4.5 wt.%. In conclusion, the PAEO-OH membrane demonstrates significant potential for various applications in industrial separation and purification processes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Flame-Retardant Epoxy Resin Containing P/N/S With Comparable Transparency and Mechanical Performance","authors":"Yue Shi, Limin Gu, Chen Chen, Fang Zhu, Yongkun Wu, Shenghu Yan, Yue Zhang","doi":"10.1002/app.57141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.57141","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A flame retardant (MBATP) with exceptional performance, incorporating three flame-retardant elements (P/N/S), was synthesized using 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxo-10-phosphophenanthrene-10-oxide, and 4-methylsulphonyl benzaldehyde as raw materials, along with a curing agent to produce flame-retardant epoxy resins (FREPs). The chemical structure of MBATP was confirmed through FT-IR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, and <sup>31</sup>P NMR characterization. The study investigated the effects of different contents of MBATP on the curing behavior, flame-retardant effect, thermal stability, combustion characteristics, mechanical properties, and transparency of FREPs. The study revealed that the introduction of MBATP led to a decrease in the maximum decomposition rate while simultaneously facilitating the early decomposition of epoxy resin (EP). The FREP-4 (4 wt% MBATP) attained a V-0 rating through the UL-94 standard, accompanied by an oxygen index of 33.5%. Furthermore, total smoke, the peak heat release rate, and total heat release emission of FREP-4 were diminished by 26.1%, 67.4%, and 25.5%, respectively, compared with EP. Residual carbon and volatile gas emissions tests showed that MBATP effectively contributed to flame retardancy in both the condensed phase and gas phase. The FREPs exhibit a significant degree of transparency, and their mechanical properties have been slightly enhanced. This study has promising applications in advanced optical technologies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew P. Johnston, Todd P. Burton, Anthony Callanan
{"title":"A Novel 3D-Printed Microfluidic Bioreactor With Electrospun Scaffold Integration as a Platform for Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering","authors":"Andrew P. Johnston, Todd P. Burton, Anthony Callanan","doi":"10.1002/app.57062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.57062","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of global mortality. Treatment methods such as bypass graft operations, while often successful, can fail in cases of systemic disease or compliance mismatch. Tissue engineered vascular grafts may offer a potential solution, by means of an implantable cell-seeded scaffold that can integrate into the graft site. Modifications to the cell culture environment, such as through physical modification of the scaffold structure, or culturing cells in a dynamic fluidic environment, have been shown to alter cellular behavior. Herein, we combine these two approaches by incorporating electrospun polycaprolactone scaffolds consisting of smooth and modified fiber surface topographies within a series of novel 3D printed microfluidic bioreactors. The bioreactors successfully maintained the viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells over a 24-h period, with the smooth scaffolds in static culture and dimpled scaffolds under dynamic culture indicating the highest cell viability. An increase in stiffness and hydrophilicity of the modified scaffold is also noted in comparison to the scaffold consisting of smooth fibers. These results indicate that both the bioreactor system and the modified electrospun scaffold are capable of inducing variations in cellular response, thus warranting further investigation for the advancement of vascular tissue engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/app.57062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jun Liang, Tongxin Zhou, Yujie Zhang, Hongtian Shen, Wei Zhang, Yuquan Zhang, Xiqing Sheng, Zhixia Liu, Zhaojiang Wang
{"title":"Optimizing Water-Blown Lignin-Based Rigid Polyurethane Foam: Formulation Strategies for Enhanced Mechanical and Thermal Performance","authors":"Jun Liang, Tongxin Zhou, Yujie Zhang, Hongtian Shen, Wei Zhang, Yuquan Zhang, Xiqing Sheng, Zhixia Liu, Zhaojiang Wang","doi":"10.1002/app.57148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.57148","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) holds a prominent position in thermal insulation materials. The mechanical and thermal properties of these materials are closely associated with their cell size, structure, and shape. Therefore, optimizing the formulation and ratio is essential. In response to the global demand for sustainable development and the need to reduce reliance on carbon-intensive, nonrenewable resources, water-blown RPUF was synthesized using lignin-based polyols (LP). The effect of formulation additives on the properties of lignin-based rigid polyurethane foam (LRPUF) was systematically investigated. The formulation of high-performance all water-blown LRPUF was optimized. Under the optimized formulation, the reaction time of LRPUF was approximately 153 s. LRPUF of 0.069 g/cm<sup>3</sup> exhibited a compressive strength of 481.91 kPa and thermal conductivity of 0.039 W/mK. The cell size of LRPUF ranged from about 0.2 to 1 mm and exhibited a relatively smooth texture. Compared to petroleum-based RPUF, LRPUF demonstrated superior thermal stability, with a carbon residue rate of 28% at 800°C.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to “Colorimetric Dye-Loaded, Adhesive, and Stretchable Hydrogel Sensor: A Sensitive and Visible H2S Gas Sensing Platform”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/app.57170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.57170","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 \u0000 <span>L. Liu</span>, <span>S. Yuan</span>, <span>C. Guan</span>, et al., “ <span>Colorimetric Dye-Loaded, Adhesive, and Stretchable Hydrogel Sensor: A Sensitive and Visible H<sub>2</sub>S Gas Sensing Platform</span>,” <i>Journal of Applied Polymer Science</i> <span>142</span>, (<span>2025</span>): e56624, https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56624.\u0000 </p><p>Funding section in the article, <b>“Funding:</b> The authors received no specific funding for this work.” was incorrect. This should have read: “<b>Funding:</b> Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant 7234412).”</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/app.57170","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jinqi Wu, Yani Chen, Ting Zhang, Ming Nie, Chao Mo, Lifen Tong, Xiaobo Liu, Shuning Liu
{"title":"Effects of Molecular Structure Design on the Thermal, Mechanical, and Dielectric Properties of Polyarylene Ether Nitrile for Low-Dielectric Applications","authors":"Jinqi Wu, Yani Chen, Ting Zhang, Ming Nie, Chao Mo, Lifen Tong, Xiaobo Liu, Shuning Liu","doi":"10.1002/app.57152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.57152","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With the advent of the 5G communication era, low-dielectric materials have become essential for efficient signal transmission, making the development of polymer materials with low-dielectric constants a critical research focus. Polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN), a high-performance polymer material, exhibits exceptional mechanical properties, thermal stability, chemical resistance, etc. In this study, five different structured PENs were synthesized by molecular structure design with different structural bisphenols and benzonitrile, and the effects of molecular structure changes on the thermal, mechanical, and dielectric properties of PEN polymer films were studied in detail. The results show that the synthesized bisphenol AP-based PEN polymer (BPAP-PEN) has good mechanical properties (tensile strength of 70.15 MPa), high thermal stability (<i>T</i>\u0000 <sub>5%</sub> = 510°C), low-dielectric constant (<i>k</i> = 3.16 at 1 MHz), and low-dielectric loss (0.008 at 1 MHz). This approach offers a novel pathway for the development of high-performance polymer materials with low-dielectric properties.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}