Journal of Applied Polymer Science最新文献

{"title":"Alginate-Based Hydrogel Nanocomposites With CuS Nanoparticles Incorporation for NIR-II Photothermal Therapy of Melanoma and Wound Healing","authors":"Xiuzhao Yin,&nbsp;Taojian Fan,&nbsp;Nannan Zheng,&nbsp;Jing Yang,&nbsp;Tao Ji,&nbsp;Li Yan,&nbsp;Shuqing He,&nbsp;Fujin Ai,&nbsp;Junqing Hu","doi":"10.1002/app.56783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56783","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuS NPs) is a promising and efficient photothermal agent, which is widely utilized for cancer therapy. Thus, hyperstable CuS NPs with strong absorbance in second near infrared (NIR-II) biowindow were prepared by solvent thermal method, which demonstrated good stability and biocompatibility, with deeper tissue penetration of NIR-II light for photothermal therapy in comparison to that of first near infrared (NIR-I) biowindow. Subsequently, CuS@Hydrogel was constructed by incorporation of CuS NPs in Ca²⁺ ions crosslinked sodium alginate to form three-dimension hydrogel. CuS NPs are homogeneously dispersed in CuS@Hydrogel nanocomposite with the advantages of good photothermal properties and low toxicity. CuS@Hydrogel can effectively treat postoperative melanoma with wound healing ability through the function of photothermal effect. The photo-induced thermal effect can efficaciously contribute to the elimination of residual tumor tissue. Furthermore, the hydrogel composite can also accelerate to cure the wound of mice due to the surgical removal of tumor. This novel biofunctional hydrogel platform can provide a significant candidate for the inhibition of local tumor recurrence and skin regeneration after surgical treatment of melanoma.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison Study of the Synergistic Influence of Discrepancy in Exothermic Behavior of Polyacrylonitrile-Based Precursor Fibers and the Continuous Gradient Pre-Oxidation Condition on Stabilization Structure","authors":"Yong Liu,&nbsp;Peipei Guo,&nbsp;Zongwei Guo,&nbsp;Shengtao Dai,&nbsp;Honglong Li,&nbsp;Lei Shang,&nbsp;Yuhui Ao","doi":"10.1002/app.56672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56672","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The synergistic influence of discrepancy in exothermic behavior of two types of polyacrylonitrile-based precursor fibers (labeled as fiber A and B) and the continuous gradient pre-oxidation conditions on stabilization structure were studied. The evolution and development process of skin-core structure at different stabilization stages and corresponding influencing factors was clarified. Results showed fiber A had gentle exothermic behavior, smaller exothermic rates, and weaker heat flow, while fiber B had faster exothermic rates and concentrated heat flow, especially at stabilization later stage. Stabilization behaviors revealed that the cyclization index (Ic), oxidation index (Io), dehydrogenation index (Id), aromatization index (AI), X-ray stabilization index, O elements, and bulk density increased with proceeds of pre-oxidation. The relationship between the aromatization cross-linked structure, bulk density, and chemical structure indicated that cyclization, dehydrogenation, and oxidation reactions jointly promoted the formation of aromatization cross-linked conjugated lamellar structure. Under the same pre-oxidation conditions, the stabilization degree of fiber B was much higher than that of fiber A. Meanwhile, a more serious inhomogeneous structure appeared at the early stage and further deteriorated at a later stage, which is related to its concentrated exothermic behavior, locally high temperature in the core and nonuniform oxygen distribution in the radial direction. These factors become the internal factors that affect the formation and development of skin-core structure. By adjusting temperature and gradient distribution as well as shortening time, the skin-core structure disappeared without compromising the stabilization degree. The formation of the skin-core structure was controlled by chemical reactions at early stage but by double diffusion and locally high temperature in the core at the later stage. In order to promoted oxygen diffusion, the Ic, Io, and AI values at the initial stage should be controlled below 0.8%, 0.36%, and 32%, respectively. The principles, reasons, and regulatory mechanisms for optimizing the stabilization structure and set proper pre-oxidation procedures were provided.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory Potency of Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins (PACs) on Extrafibrillar and Intrafibrillar Collagen Mineralization","authors":"Odair Bim-Junior,&nbsp;Shuxi Jing,&nbsp;James B. McAlpine,&nbsp;Shao-Nong Chen,&nbsp;Guido F. Pauli,&nbsp;Ana K. Bedran-Russo","doi":"10.1002/app.56694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56694","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The therapeutic potential of plant-derived proanthocyanidins (PACs) interacting with mammalian collagen is extensive, notably in strengthening specialized extracellular matrix like the dentin matrix, crucial for reparative dental treatments. This study unveils an additional facet of PACs beyond their recognized chemical and biomechanical advantages in fibrillar collagen: specific tannins possess an inherent capability to influence collagen mineralization. By leveraging the degree of polymerization (DP) of PAC oligomers binding directly to type-I collagen, selective control over in vitro mineralization is achieved. Tetrameric PACs (DP = 4) exhibit minimal barriers to extrafibrillar mineralization, whereas dimers (DP = 2) effectively hinder nucleation/growth of surface minerals, potentially favoring intrafibrillar mineralization pathways. Additionally, our investigation highlights that bound PACs facilitate the infiltration of mineral precursors within collagen fibrils without relying on conventional process-directing agents. These findings underscore the promising utility of oligomeric PACs as a new class of plant-derived process-directing agents (PPDAs) with compelling mineral activities. While our primary focus is exploring mineralization through diverse PAC structures, establishing a translatable collagen mineralization model remains one long-term goal of this line of research.</p>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/app.56694","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Synergistic Strategy for Cost-Effectively Reducing Formaldehyde Emission of Urea-Formaldehyde Resin via Glyoxal Copolymerization and Urea Post-Addition","authors":"Jin Zhao,&nbsp;Hang Wang,&nbsp;Yufei Kan,&nbsp;Zhenhua Gao","doi":"10.1002/app.56750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56750","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin is extensively used in the wood industry for its cost-effectiveness, good bonding performance, and technological applicability, reducing formaldehyde emission to levels comparable with non-formaldehyde adhesives while maintaining cost efficiency remains a challenge. In this study, a novel glyoxal-urea-formaldehyde (GUF) resin adhesive with low formaldehyde emission (F_**** grade), desired pre-pressing performance, and good bonding properties was developed through the synergistic effect of the glyoxal copolymerization and the post-adding urea as formaldehyde scavenger (FS). FTIR, NMR, XPS, DSC, and TGA analyses showed that the copolymerization formed substituted hydroxymethyl structures. The cross-linking reaction between GUF resin and post-added urea was enhanced, which reduced formaldehyde emission from GUF-bonded plywood to 0.20 mg/L. This value is 33% lower than the 0.3 mg/L required for F_**** grade plywood, according to JAS standards. The GUF-bonded plywood maintained a warm water-soaked wet strength of 0.74 MPa and a pre-pressing strength of 0.82 MPa. The optimal conditions were 10% of glyoxal for copolymerization and 4.5 wt% of post-added urea, which did not cause the cost increase of GUF resin. This synergistic strategy offers a cost-effective approach to reduce formaldehyde emission from UF resin, demonstrating promising potential for broad application in the production of wood composites.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactivity and Mechanical Performance of Centrifugally Spun Poly(D,L-Lactide)/Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) Submicrometric Fibers Containing Zinc Oxide and Hydroxyapatite Nanostructures","authors":"Victoria Padilla-Gainza,&nbsp;Heriberto Rodríguez-Tobías,&nbsp;Karen Lozano,&nbsp;Cristóbal Rodríguez,&nbsp;Robert Gilkerson,&nbsp;Antonio S. Ledezma-Pérez,&nbsp;Narcedalia Anaya-Barbosa,&nbsp;Graciela Morales","doi":"10.1002/app.56756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56756","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the morphological, thermal, mechanical, and bioactive properties of centrifugally spun fibrous composites made from poly(D,L-lactide)/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PLA/PHB) blends with zinc oxide (ZnO) and hydroxyapatite (Hap) nanoparticles. A 75/25 PLA/PHB weight ratio was chosen to balance mechanical and thermal properties. The precursor solution viscosities ranged from 0.25 to 0.50 Pa s, increasing with nanoparticle incorporation probably due to polymer-nanoparticle interactions. SEM revealed a uniform fibrous morphology, with diameters of 1.21 for PLA/PHB, 2.65 for PLA/ZnO/Hap, and 1.80 μm for PLA/PHB/ZnO/Hap. TGA showed two-step degradation for PLA/PHB fibers, while PLA/PHB/ZnO/Hap degraded in a single step at 249°C, leaving a residue of 9.95%. DSC indicated partial miscibility, with cold crystallization at 85°C (enthalpy: 7.72 J/g), slightly modified by nanoparticle addition. PLA/PHB fibers achieved a Young's modulus of 24.96 ± 3.91 MPa, three times that of pure PLA, but adding ZnO and Hap reduced modulus and tensile strength to 6.03 and 0.29 MPa, retaining suitability for biomedical applications. PLA/PHB/ZnO/Hap fibers exhibited 90% \u0000 <i>Escherichia coli</i>\u0000 growth inhibition and enhanced MC3T3-E1 cell viability by 120% on day 7. These results highlight their potential for antimicrobial, biocompatible medical devices.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradable Epoxy Thermosets Prepared by Mixing Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol A and Epoxidized Soybean Oil and Their Electrical and Mechanical Properties","authors":"Jae-Jun Park,&nbsp;Sangmin Lee","doi":"10.1002/app.56739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56739","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To develop a biodegradable epoxy resin matrix for high-voltage insulating composites, petroleum-based diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy and epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) were mixed, and their biodegradability and electrical and mechanical properties were studied. DGEBA/ESBO epoxy mixtures were in the ratios of 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 50/50, respectively. In the soil burial test, as ESBO content increased, DGEBA/ESBO thermosets disintegrated into smaller pieces by 4–6 months, while the DGEBA thermoset without any ESBO preserved its geometry throughout the degradation study for 8 months. Crosslink density was studied by a solvent swelling method and the Flory–Rehner equation, and glass transition temperature, Tg, was measured by a differential scanning calorimetry, and it was found that crosslink density and Tg were highest in the DGEBA/ESBO (80/20) thermoset. All mechanical strengths and electrical insulation breakdown strengths were obtained in the DGEBA/ESBO (80/20) thermoset, which could be used as a biodegradable matrix for high-voltage insulating composites.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Investigation Into the Influence of Titania–Carbon Nanotube Nanophotocatalysts Into the Filtration Performance of Polyethersulfone-Based Membranes","authors":"Sithembela A. Zikalala,&nbsp;Oranso T. Mahlangu,&nbsp;Jianxin Li,&nbsp;Bhekie B. Mamba,&nbsp;Edward N. Nxumalo","doi":"10.1002/app.56704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56704","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The polyethersulfone/sulfonated polyethersulfone (PES/SPSf) blend is enriched with ionizable sulfonic acid groups rendering a stable polymer system suited for blending nanocomposites using water as a dispersant. PES/SPSf/TiO₂-amorphous carbon nanotubes (aCNT) mixed matrix membranes are prepared via addition of a TiO₂–aCNT/deionized water slurry and precipitated via non-solvent induced phase separation. Membranes' electrostatic and non-electrostatic interactions with charged organic pollutants and membrane–dye interactions are probed using the Liftshitz-acid–base approach. Fluid transport and solute rejection mechanisms are investigated through porosity, pore radius, flux, permeance, dye rejection and fouling propensity. PES/SPSf/TiO₂–aCNT membrane contact angle at 1.6 wt.% TiO₂–aCNT loading reached 35° accompanied by pore radius decrease and a decline in membrane pure water permeability (197.7 for MF0 to 48.5 L.m⁻².h⁻¹ for MF1.6). Membranes had good rejection for cationic azure B (≈90%) and zwitterionic rhodamine B (≈100%) compared to anionic charged methyl orange (MO) (2.0%–10.8%). Major dye removal mechanism was size exclusion, where reactive red 120 (1335.9 g/mol) retention was higher than that of MO (327.4 g/mol). TiO₂–aCNT loading imputes membranes additional cationic charge and electron donor components that enables solute transportation via electrostatic switching mechanism and charge-dependent antifouling for reactive dyes, which are the bulk of textile industry pollution.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Mussel-Inspired Polydopamine Functionalized Hydroxyapatite on the Properties of Natural Rubber Latex Films","authors":"He Gong,&nbsp;Guangzhen Jiang,&nbsp;Kai Zhong,&nbsp;Zhifen Wang,&nbsp;Lin Fang","doi":"10.1002/app.56760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56760","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Improving the strength and oxidation resistance of natural latex films and reducing the water-soluble protein content are essential for the preparation of high-quality multifunctional natural rubber latex (NRL) products. Hydroxyapatite (HA) has received much attention as a biocompatible material for its unique protein adsorption properties, but its poor compatibility with NRL has resulted in compromised results. Therefore, in this work, HA was modified by dopamine with excellent adhesion properties of <span></span>OH and <span></span>NH₂-rich to improve the compatibility of HA with rubber matrix. Therefore, the present work utilizes the excellent adhesion property of dopamine (PDA) to adsorb onto the HA surface through π–π interactions. The HA was then functionalized to obtain modified HA (HA-PDA), which improves the compatibility between natural latex and HA, enhances the physical and mechanical properties, antioxidant properties, and reduces the water-soluble protein content of natural latex films. When 0.18 wt% HA-PDA was added, the tensile and tear strengths of the composite film increased by 32.4% and 42.92%, respectively, compared to the natural latex film. After 36 h of aging, the HA-PDA/NRL adhesive film still has 35.92% tensile strength retention compared to commercial antioxidant 246. Moreover, the water-soluble protein dissolved in HA-PDA/NRL vulcanized films was only 15.05 μg/g, which was 67.49% lower than that of NRL. In addition, good biocompatibility of the composite adhesive film was also demonstrated by cytotoxicity experiments, which provides a new method for the preparation of high-strength, strong antioxidant, hypoallergenic, and good biocompatible latex products.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Graphene on the Mechanical Properties of Glycidyl Azide Polymer-Based Energetic Thermoplastic Elastomer","authors":"Teng Wang,&nbsp;Wenhao Liu,&nbsp;Cong Zhu,&nbsp;Tianqi Li,&nbsp;Yunjun Luo","doi":"10.1002/app.56670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56670","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Energetic adhesives with excellent mechanical properties are of great significance for the development of solid propellant. In this paper, a small amount of graphene is used to enhance the mechanical properties of glycidyl azide polymer (GAP)-based energetic thermoplastic elastomer (GAP-ETPE), and an in-depth analysis of the graphene enhancement mechanism is conducted through the structural characterization of the composite elastomer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals that the solvent-assisted ultrasonic dispersion method can fully disperse graphene in GAP-ETPE, taking advantage of its high specific surface area. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and low-field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (LF-NMR) analysis show that graphene can provide physical crosslinking sites, significantly increasing the crosslinking density of GAP-ETPE. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) indicates that the increased crosslinking density caused by graphene will restrict the segmental motion of GAP-ETPE. Static tensile test result shows that the use of 0.1 wt% graphene can increase the tensile strength of GAP-ETPE from 7.0 to 7.8 MPa. This work provides a basis for the application of graphene in energetic adhesives.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Friendly Polymer Based Recycled Nitrile Gloves Incorporated With Poly(Lactic Acid)/Graphene Nanoplatelets Binary Blends","authors":"Mohd Bijarimi,&nbsp;Vera Saban Jaro,&nbsp;La Ode Muhammad Zuhdi Mulkiyan,&nbsp;M. S. Z. Mat Desa,&nbsp;Erna Normaya,&nbsp;Mohammad Norazmi Ahmad","doi":"10.1002/app.56743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56743","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The waste issue from the widespread use of nitrile gloves emphasize the environmental and health risks associated with improper disposal. This study introduces an innovative approach by incorporating recycled nitrile gloves made from acrylonitrile butadiene (rNBR) into a composite with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) (1, 2, and 3 phr). The results showed a maximum improvement in mechanical properties at a PLA/rNBR blend ratio of 60:40 wt%, demonstrating a balance between stiffness and toughness compared to other binary blend ratios. The incorporation of GNP enhanced the values of Young's modulus, tensile strength, and elongation, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) recorded that the thermal stability of PLA/rNBR tends to increase with the loaded GNP. The morphological properties observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the PLA/rNBR surface exhibited a nonhomogeneous distribution, leading to the formation of numerous voids and low adhesion. However, the good distribution of GNP within the matrix contributed to greater homogeneity, thereby reducing defects caused by rubber crumbs and voids in the PLA/rNBR fracture. Based on this research, this strategy offers a promising solution to address the environmental challenges posed by personal protective equipment waste.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}