Journal of Applied Polymer Science最新文献

{"title":"In Situ Generation of a Robust Gel Polymer Electrolyte From a Poly(Ethylene Carbonate)-Hydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Containing Thermoplastic Vulcanizate Electrolyte","authors":"Rozita Sadeghzadeh,&nbsp;Gabrielle Foran,&nbsp;Julien Mimeault,&nbsp;Caroline St-Antoine,&nbsp;Arnaud Prébé,&nbsp;Mickael Dollé","doi":"10.1002/app.71340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.71340","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Conventional gel polymer electrolytes are produced by a combination of solution casting, polymer matrix infiltration, and subsequent polymerization. This process is time and resource intensive making it ill-suited for large-scale implementation. This work introduces gel polymer electrolyte thermoplastic vulcanizates (GPE–TPV) that are produced via dynamic crosslinking during melt-extrusion. These electrolytes are comprised of a crosslinked hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) phase that is dispersed in poly(ethylene carbonate) (PEC). The thermal treatment of this solid–solid blend induces the decomposition of PEC to yield ethylene carbonate (EC) which is subsequently absorbed into the crosslinked HNBR. The melt-extrusion process uses no added solvents making it fast and waste-free. The in situ decomposition of PEC results in uniform EC distribution which is difficult to achieve with traditional solution or drop casting methods. The resultant GPE–TPV electrolytes are orders of magnitude more conductive than the initial PEC–HNBR solid polymer electrolyte. The crosslinked HNBR phase provided significant advantages over the non-crosslinked GPE including higher mechanical strength and electrochemical stability, enabling cycling in LiFePO₄–Li half cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"143 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/app.71340","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Dynamic Disulfide Linkages on the Blend Rheology of Polyurethane/Eri Silk Fiber Composite and Thermal Performance","authors":"Saurabh Kumar Jha,&nbsp;Rishikesh Ojha,&nbsp;Rani Rohini","doi":"10.1002/app.71331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.71331","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study demonstrates a polyurethane (PU) and Eri silk blend with excellent performance in ultra-low temperature conditions, highlighting its potential for extreme cold environments. PU is a versatile polymer known for its ability to be formed into various structures, making it ideal for numerous applications. Incorporation of disulfide bonds introduces dynamic covalent linkages, enhancing the flexibility of the polymer network. Eri silk has excellent thermal insulation and moisture-wicking features, making it an ideal choice for blending with polyurethane. Herein, we report a synthesis approach achieving a homogeneous blend of PU/Eri silk using trifluoroacetic acid as solvent. The optimized composition resulted in low glass transition temperature (<i>T</i>_g) of blend, overcoming Eri silk's inherently higher <i>T</i>_g. An in-house wet spinning method was adopted to form uniform fibers from the blend solution. The smooth morphology was examined by SEM, while <i>T</i>_g was evaluated from DSC. DMA analysis in torsional mode demonstrated the viscoelastic behavior of the PU/Eri silk blend, while DMA in tensile mode was used to assess its suitability for low-temperature applications. The results suggest that the PU/Eri silk blend has potential for applications requiring flexibility under low-temperature conditions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"143 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-Composite Hydrogel Fibers of Alginate/Chir Pine and Alginate/Xanthan Gums for High Performance Wound Dressings","authors":"Farooq Azam,&nbsp;Sumera Shaheen,&nbsp;Zohaib Ijaz,&nbsp;Abher Rasheed,&nbsp;Faheem Ahmad,&nbsp;Sheraz Ahmad,&nbsp;Bushra Mushtaq,&nbsp;Muhammad Sohail Zafar","doi":"10.1002/app.71345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.71345","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hydrogels are widely used in wound dressings because of their rapid and gentle wound-healing properties; however, their brittleness and poor mechanical strength restrict practical applications. This study reports the fabrication of flexible composite hydrogel fibers by incorporating alginate with Chir pine gum (CG) and xanthan gum (XG) for advanced wound dressings. Composite fibers with different alginate/CG and alginate/XG ratios and concentrations were prepared and characterized by SEM, FTIR, and DSC, followed by evaluation of mechanical properties, swelling behavior, antibacterial activity, and biocompatibility. Alginate/CG fibers exhibited the highest tensile strength (329 cN) at 1.5% concentration with a 3:1 alginate-to-gum ratio, whereas Alginate/XG fibers showed the greatest exudate swelling at a 1:1 ratio due to superior water retention. All hydrogel fibers demonstrated effective antibacterial activity. CG release provided intrinsic therapeutic functionality, eliminating the need for additional drug loading. Cytotoxicity confirmed excellent blood compatibility, while Alginate/CG fibers achieved the highest anti-inflammatory inhibition (52.1%). These composite hydrogel fibers offer an optimal combination of mechanical strength, swelling performance, biocompatibility, rapid wound healing, and cost-effectiveness, highlighting their strong potential for commercial wound-dressing applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"143 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly Efficient CaCO3 Scale Inhibition by a Modified Chitosan: From Synthesis to Crystallization Control","authors":"Haijiao Yu,&nbsp;Fu Qiao,&nbsp;Senqiang Qin,&nbsp;Pengcheng Wang,&nbsp;Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Ze Wu,&nbsp;Mengya Xing,&nbsp;Jingjie Zeng","doi":"10.1002/app.71338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.71338","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A low-phosphorus modified chitosan (CSPA) scale inhibitor was prepared using chitosan (CTS), <i>N</i>-(2-acetamide)iminodiacetic acid (ADA), 2-phosphonatebutane-1,2, 4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTCA) as materials. The CSPA molecular was characterized by FTIR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, TGA, SEC, and XPS. The results indicated that the reaction proceeded successfully. Meanwhile, Through SEM, EDS, XRD, molecular dynamics simulation, ζ-potential of the supernatant. The results indicate that CSPA molecules can prevent nanoscale impurities from becoming active nucleation sites and promote crystal dispersion, thus functioning as scale inhibitors.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"143 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Situ Gel Polymer Electrolyte Integrated With Polyethylene Separator for Reduced Tortuosity and Enhanced Li+ Transference in Lithium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Hyunggeon Kim,&nbsp;Minseo Kim,&nbsp;Julee Kwak,&nbsp;Cheolsoo Jung","doi":"10.1002/app.71332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.71332","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Liquid electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries face persistent challenges arising from solvent volatility, separator-induced transport limitations, and low lithium-ion transference numbers, especially under elevated-temperature operation. To address these limitations, this study investigates in situ–formed gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) integrated into widely used polyethylene separator and coated electrodes, where the electrolyte precursor polymerizes within the separator microstructure to form a partially immobilized yet ion-permissive medium. When integrated into polyethylene separator, the GPE delivers a bulk ionic conductivity of 2.16 mS cm⁻¹, comparable to that of the liquid electrolyte, indicating that polymer integration does not introduce significant transport penalties. The effective lithium-ion transference number increases markedly from 0.28 to 0.55, consistent with moderated anion mobility within the polymer-rich domains. The GPE also significantly enhances ion transport and interfacial stability at elevated temperatures, resulting in improved capacity retention, reduced impedance growth, and more stable cycling with sustained Coulombic efficiency. Cross-sectional FE-SEM further reveals more intact cathode interphases with mitigated active-material detachment, consistent with reduced solvent-volatility-driven degradation in the GPE system. Collectively, these results demonstrate that separator-integrated, in situ GPEs offer a compelling route to simultaneously enhance ion-transport properties and improve high-temperature durability in practical lithium-ion batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"143 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/app.71332","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine-Learning-Based Prediction of PP/PE/PS Composition Ratios in ATR-FTIR Spectra Using a One-Dimensional CNN","authors":"Shotaro Ito,&nbsp;Asahiro Nagatani,&nbsp;Shinji Fujimoto,&nbsp;Hirohmi Watanabe","doi":"10.1002/app.71342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.71342","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plastic recycling requires reliable quality assessment, particularly for the accurate quantification of polymer composition. In this study, a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) was developed to predict the composition ratios of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polystyrene (PS) from attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra. Mixed PP/PE/PS resins covering a wide range of compositions were prepared to enhance model generalizability, and three spectral regions (650–1700, 2700–3100, and 650–3100 cm⁻¹) were evaluated for 1D-CNN regression. The results showed that the fingerprint model achieved the best performance (MAE ≈ 0.020) for polymer blends, with estimation errors approaching those of quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Application to 26 commercially available recycled PP samples showed that unknown absorption peaks from additives and degradation products reduced the accuracy of the fingerprint-region model, whereas the full-spectrum model remained robust across diverse samples. Gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) visualization indicated that the full spectrum model integrated complementary features from both the fingerprint and high-wavenumber regions, thereby mitigating the influence of unknown peaks. These results suggest that combining ATR-FTIR with a 1D-CNN provides a rapid, non-destructive, and practical approach for predicting the composition of recycled resins, thereby supporting improved quality assurance and the broader utilization of recycled plastics.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"143 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Structural, Optical, and Electrical Properties of Lithium Ion Conducting Mixed Solid Polymer Electrolyte Systems","authors":"C. Revathy,&nbsp;V. R. Sunitha,&nbsp;Rex Joseph,&nbsp;S. Radhakrishnan","doi":"10.1002/app.71347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.71347","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mixed solid polymer electrolyte (MSPE) systems show interesting ion conduction behavior that can be exploited for practical charge storage device applications. This study focuses on the MSPE system containing Polyethylene Oxide (PEO₁: <i>M</i>_<i>w</i> = 1 <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>×</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ times $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 10⁶ g/mol), (PEO₂: <i>M</i>_<i>w</i> = 1 <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>×</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ times $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 10⁵ g/mol), Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA: <i>M</i>_<i>w</i> = 1.5 <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>×</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ times $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 10⁴ g/mol) in various weight proportions with a constant concentration of the lithium perchlorate salt. The dependence of ionic conductivity on temperature follows the Arrhenius behavior. The complex dielectric permittivity and electric modulus results reveal the sensitivity of these parameters to film composition and structural changes. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) studies confirm significant changes in the crystallinity of the MSPE system. Bandgap studies further confirm the structural disorder in MSPE films induced due to the blending of the polymers. Sample (S2) with composition 96 wt% PEO₁–2 wt% PEO₂–2 wt% PMMA at 303 K exhibited an optimum conductivity of 1.91 <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>×</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ times $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 10⁻⁴ S/cm and achieved a low activation energy of 0.3 eV which is correlated to the other parameters studied.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"143 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomaterial Design and Immobilization Strategies of Bioactive Hydrogel Dressings for Wound Healing","authors":"Dilara Gokkaya,&nbsp;Ozgur Ozay","doi":"10.1002/app.71386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.71386","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wound healing is a complex biological process that requires advanced therapeutic strategies, within which bioactive-loaded polymeric matrices represent a central approach. However, the therapeutic efficiency of wound-healing biomaterials depends on how effectively bioactive molecules are retained and released from the matrix. Existing reviews largely describe bioactive molecule loading in terms of application outcomes, without explicitly framing it as an immobilization process governed by distinct chemical and physical mechanisms. The novelty of this review lies in framing bioactive loading as an immobilization process, co-evaluating matrix chemistry, immobilization technique, and target molecule against wound-specific demands. Immobilized molecules are further incorporated into multifunctional biomaterials of natural, synthetic, or hybrid composition, with applications assessed across acute, chronic, and infected wounds according to their distinct healing biology. Entrapment- and encapsulation-based immobilization has shown promising outcomes in full-thickness, burn, infected, and pressure ulcer wounds, with particular prevalence in the diabetic wound literature. Limitations in clinical translation are addressed, including batch-to-batch reproducibility, scale-up challenges, and the lack of standardized characterization for multi-component dressings. Future work building on this mechanism-based framework may further support multi-bioactive loading strategies toward clinically applicable, multifunctional dressings.</p>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"143 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/app.71386","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct Ink Writing of Silicone Elastomer Composites as Wearable Strain Sensor: From Materials to Applications for Physiological Health Monitoring","authors":"Tejasvi Anant,&nbsp;Dhananjay Sahu,&nbsp;Om Prakash Prabhakar,&nbsp;Raj Kumar Sahu","doi":"10.1002/app.71379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.71379","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Silicone elastomer composites (SECs), owing to their tunable functionalities, represent a class of ink materials with immense potential for the design and development of wearable sensors through 3D printing technologies. This review reports recent advances in SEC-based strain sensors printed through direct ink writing techniques, focusing on ink formulation and design strategies to improve sensor performance for health monitoring applications. The aim is to provide crucial information for the development of 3D-printed sensors, from materials to manufacturing. The techniques for ink formulations to produce polymer composites and compliant electrodes are discussed, with consideration of filler-matrix interactions. Thereby, strategies to improve sensitivity by varying the structural design and electrode patterning schemes are explored, required to preserve signal integrity under dynamic strain conditions. Lastly, various strain sensors demonstrated for physiological health monitoring are included to recognize the work directed in improving linearity, sensing range, response time, durability, etc. This work contributes to the pathways from ink preparation to sensor fabrication with high precision using printing technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"143 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/app.71379","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Integration of LiCF3SO3 in PVdF-HFP/PVAc Polymer Blends: Multifaceted Analysis From Microstructure to Electrochemical Properties","authors":"B. Praveen Kumar,&nbsp;P. Ajay Kumar,&nbsp;P. Missak Swarup Raju","doi":"10.1002/app.71336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.71336","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) films based on a PVdF-HFP/PVAc blend with lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiCF₃SO₃) were prepared by solution casting. Structural, morphological were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD exhibited a reduction in crystallinity index with salt addition. FESEM micrographs displayed smoother surfaces with tail-like chain segments. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was employed to study ionic conductivity and dielectric behavior with increasing LiCF₃SO₃ content. A maximum value of 3.46 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹ at room temperature for the optimized film SP4 was obtained and was attributed to ionic conduction. Optical bandgaps and Urbach energies, obtained from UV–Visible spectroscopy measurements, indicate changes in electronic structure and disorder of the polymer matrix: with increasing salt concentration the direct and indirect bandgaps decreased, but Urbach energy increased, with SP4 showing <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>E</mi>\u0000 <mi>u</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mo>=</mo>\u0000 <mn>0.41</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </semantics></math> eV and direct/indirect bandgaps of 4.78 and 4.37 eV, respectively. Thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) shows that SPE films are thermally stable up to 300°C, aiding suitability for energy-storage applications. DSC investigations have validated the enhancement of polymer flexibility and amorphous phase growth which is favorable for ionic transport in solid polymer electrolytes.</p>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"143 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/app.71336","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}