Journal of Applied Polymer Science最新文献

{"title":"Electrospinnability and Air Filtration Efficiency of PVDF Nanofibers: The Role of Electrospinning Solution Properties","authors":"Laura Margarita Valencia-Osorio, Mônica Lopes Aguiar, Mónica Lucía Álvarez-Láinez","doi":"10.1002/app.56613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56613","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study successfully refined the electrospinnability window for polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofiber membranes by systematically investigating solvent systems to achieve bead-free morphologies mapped within a Teas ternary diagram. The correlation between fiber morphology and solution properties, such as viscosity, surface tension, and conductivity, allowed for a reproducible approach to fabricate high-performance nanofiber membranes. Using DMSO:Ac/60:40 solvent ratio and a 14% w/w PVDF concentration, following a 3<sup>2</sup> factorial DoE, bead-free fibers with an average diameter of ~700 nm were produced. This solvent selection and morphology refinement enhanced the crystalline β phase, which promoted intern-oriented dipoles that were enhanced by an additional charge induction effect. This led to increased volume and surface charges on the membrane, enhancing electrostatic filtration mechanisms. Filtration tests at a 5.3 cm/s face velocity showed that a 10.4 g/m<sup>2</sup> bead-free PVDF fiber membrane enriched with a β phase and additional induced surface charge, outperformed bead-on-string structures and a commercial high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter, achieving HEPA-grade efficiencies <span></span><math>\u0000 \u0000 <semantics>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mfenced>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <msub>\u0000 \u0000 <mi>η</mi>\u0000 \u0000 <mtext>MPPS</mtext>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 \u0000 <mo>=</mo>\u0000 \u0000 <mn>0.995</mn>\u0000 \u0000 <mspace></mspace>\u0000 \u0000 <mtext>and</mtext>\u0000 \u0000 <mspace></mspace>\u0000 \u0000 <msub>\u0000 \u0000 <mi>η</mi>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mi>PM</mi>\u0000 \u0000 <mn>0.3</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 \u0000 <mo>=</mo>\u0000 \u0000 <mn>0.998</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mfenced>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </semantics>\u0000 </math> with low air resistance <span></span><math>\u0000 \u0000 <semantics>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mfenced>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mi>ΔP</mi>\u0000 \u0000 <m","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Treatment on Physical Properties of Polypropylene Films","authors":"Shiheng Liu,&nbsp;Rongxi Shi,&nbsp;Yang Yang,&nbsp;Lu Li,&nbsp;Guohua Wang","doi":"10.1002/app.56566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56566","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO₂) is becoming an important “green” solvent, primarily due to its low toxicity, recyclability, and environmental sustainability compared with conventional organic solvents. Recent advancements in large-scale manufacturing technology have made ScCO₂ increasingly feasible and attractive for a wide range of industrial applications, such as foaming and coffee extraction. In this paper, we investigate the physical properties of commercial polypropylene (PP) mono-oriented films after treatment with ScCO₂. We have observed a remarkable increase of over 40% in elongation at break and a 30% increase in tensile strength along the machine direction (MD) concurrently, a rather unusual phenomenon. Additionally, the smoothness of the film surface is significantly enhanced. Various studies have been conducted to uncover the underlying mechanism. The newly formed γ-crystal structure may contribute to the improved mechanical properties along the MD. Other important contributing factors may include increased free volume and chain relaxation resulting from the ScCO₂ treatment. These findings hold considerable promise for various industrial applications, thanks to the low cost, simplicity, scalability, and environmental benefits associated with the ScCO₂ treatment process.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143117037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ball-Milled BN Nanodisks Loaded With LDH Nanosheets: Facilely Assembled Nanostructure Aiming for Suppression on Heat and Toxicant Emissions","authors":"Yajun Huang,&nbsp;Weifeng Xu,&nbsp;Yanli Miao,&nbsp;Junling Wang,&nbsp;Yawei Lu,&nbsp;Zhirong Wang","doi":"10.1002/app.56584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56584","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The practical usage of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) has been significantly hindered by its well-known tendency to pose a high fire hazard due to the release of substantial heat and toxic volatiles. Here, a binary nanostructure of B-LDH-C based on boron nitride (BN) nanosheets and layered double hydroxide (LDH) was fabricated as a flame-retarded filler for TPU. Specifically, the addition of 3.0 wt% B-LDH-C, results in significant reductions of 44.7% in peak heat release rate, 14.6% in total heat release, and 56.5% in peak smoke production rate. In addition, the peak CO yield is reduced by 38.4%. These results indicate reduced fire toxicity. Moreover, the TG-IR test points out the marked hindrances in combustible (hydrocarbons, esters, etc) and toxic gases (aromatic compounds, HCN). The results collectively demonstrate the high effectiveness of B-LDH-C in improving the fire safety of TPU, which is pertaining to the dual roles of B-LDH-C. The research could inspire the facile fabrication of binary structures, enhancing their potential in polymer-matrix composites and other applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143363053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thin-Film Composite Membranes by Stacking Polymeric Hollow Nanoparticles as a Selective Layer for H2/CO2 Separation","authors":"Hongyong Zhao,&nbsp;Yan Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoli Ding,&nbsp;Meng Wei,&nbsp;Ting Song,&nbsp;Jie Dong,&nbsp;Shicui Sun,&nbsp;Jiaxuan Hou,&nbsp;Qingbo Ma,&nbsp;Xiaoyao Tan","doi":"10.1002/app.56599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56599","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Polymeric membranes have been widely used in gas separation. However, the majority of these membranes do not meet the desired standards for separating H₂ and CO₂. The reason behind their subpar performance lies in the contradicting effects that exist within polymers, namely the presence of favorable diffusion selectivity but unfavorable solubility selectivity for H₂/CO₂. A series of thin-film composite (TFC) membranes were prepared via properly stacking the polymeric nanoparticles as selective layers and the rubbery Pebax as bonding and buffering layers. The chemical composition and structure of polymeric nanoparticles are analyzed by the FTIR. The pore size and structure of the selective layer formed by nanospheres are examined by the SEM, TEM, and XRD. The N₂ adsorption–desorption analysis of the PIM nanospheres/Pebax selective layer is performed. The morphology of the TFC membrane is also investigated. The gas permeation–separation performance of the TFC membranes, which were prepared at different temperatures and different thicknesses, varies greatly. It indicates that the gas permeation–separation performance of the PIM nanospheres/Pebax selective layer in TFC membranes gradually change from being dominated by smaller-sized intrinsic pores in Pebax matrix to being dominated by larger-sized extrinsic pores formed by PIM nanospheres stacking as the nanospheres content increasing. The adsorption of CO₂ by PIM nanospheres and the Pebax matrix becomes an obstacle to CO₂ permeating in the extrinsic pores, and it improves the H₂/CO₂ selectivity. It also indicates that the TFC membranes prepared at 10°C have more regular and compact arrangements of nanospheres. In single gas testing, the H₂ permeance reaches ~3336 GPU coupled with the H₂/CO₂ selectivity of ~17.2. Under the testing of a 50:50 mixture of H₂: CO₂, the concentration of H₂ can reach over 80% while having a recovery rate of over 50%. Even at a high recovery rate of 90%, the concentration of H₂ still can reach 70%.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143363057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Various Functional Groups on the Morphology and Performances of Crosslinked Addition-Type Poly(Norbornene)s-Based Anion Exchange Membranes","authors":"Quan Li,&nbsp;Xiaohui He,&nbsp;Ling Feng,&nbsp;Wenjun Zhang,&nbsp;Changxin Tang,&nbsp;Jia Ye,&nbsp;Defu Chen","doi":"10.1002/app.56625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56625","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the effect of different functional groups on the morphology and properties of crosslinked anion exchange membranes (AEMs), a series of novel partially crosslinked addition-type poly(norbornene)s-based AEMs were prepared by flexibly grafting N-methylpyrrolidinium, N-methylpiperidinium, N-methylmorpholinium, and 1, 2-dimethylimidazolium onto an addition-type poly(norbornene)s backbone. The well-developed microphase separation morphology was observed for all the prepared crosslinked AEMs using AFM and SAXS. The AEM with N-methylpyrrolidine groups (CL-aPNB-TMHDA-MPY) constructed more uniform and wider ion transport channel, exhibiting the highest hydroxide conductivity of 122.0 mS cm⁻¹ at 80°C. The AEM-tethering N-methylpiperidine cations (CL-aPNB-TMHDA-MPRD) exhibited the best alkaline stability and achieved 90.61% conductivity retention even after being soaked in 1 M NaOH at 80°C for 1008 h. Meanwhile, the order of alkaline stability was CL-aPNB-TMHDA-MPRD&gt;CL-aPNB-TMHDA-MPY&gt;CL-aPNB-TMHDA-DMMI&gt;CL-aPNB-TMHDA-NMM. The peak power density of a H₂/O₂ fuel cell equipped with CL-aPNB-TMHDA-MPY, CL-aPNB-TMHDA-MPRD, CL-aPNB-TMHDA-NMM, and CL-aPNB-TMHDA-DMMI were 247.3, 218.1, 185.9, and 178.0 mW cm⁻² at 80°C, respectively. These results of the comparison of AEMs with different cation groups give some insights for designing high-performance AEMs in future.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the Potential of Polylactic Acid: Exploring Its Thermal and Mechanical Properties for Vitrimerization via Double Reactive Extrusion and Transesterification","authors":"Linda Yahia Cherif,&nbsp;Nacira Naar,&nbsp;Ahmed Mekki,&nbsp;Amina Ouadah,&nbsp;Rania Ahmed Hamada,&nbsp;Djalal Trache","doi":"10.1002/app.56603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56603","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biosourced thermoplastic polymer widely used in various fields such as biomedical, packaging, and prototyping. Enhancing PLA thermal and mechanical properties has been a research focus, by transforming it into a vitrimer, a new polymer class. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of a dual reactive extrusion process followed by vacuum compression molding to improve a thermoplastic's properties with vitrimer tendency, using PLA as the main component, diglycidyl ether bisphenol A (DGEBA) as an additive, and zinc acetate as a catalyst. Several characterizations were carried out to assess the thermal, morphological, and mechanical properties of the developed PLA mixtures. Moreover, a kinetic study using three iterative isoconversional integral models (iterative Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (it-KAS), iterative Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (it-FWO), and Trache–Abdelaziz–Siwani) was employed to analyze the effects of the catalyst and DGEBA on the cross-linking reaction kinetics after the process employed in this work. Results demonstrated the presence of a cross-linked structure in addition to a promising polymer behavior characterized by enhancements in toughness, ductility, and cross-linking density by 290%, 127.5%, and 80.5%, respectively. Finally, the optimal composition exhibited almost 96% self-healing of its surface, demonstrating significant potential for advanced material applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143363058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degradable Polyvinyl Alcohol Liquid Mulch Film Synergistically Reinforced by Cellulose and Lignin","authors":"Zheng Wang,&nbsp;Zhiwei Yang,&nbsp;Pengju Qiao,&nbsp;Jing Fang,&nbsp;Xingjiang Wu,&nbsp;Zhensheng Yang,&nbsp;Hao Li","doi":"10.1002/app.56586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56586","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Degradable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) liquid mulch film is an effective alternative to traditional petroleum-based mulch. However, PVA has problems such as poor water resistance and high cost in practical applications. In this work, a liquid mulch film PCQ was prepared by simply blending quaternized lignin (QAL), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and PVA. PCQ was characterized and analyzed through FT-IR, SEM, and other tests. The effects of QAL and CMC on the water resistance, barrier properties, water retention, soil-fixing properties, and degradation properties of PCQ were investigated. The results showed that the addition of QAL and CMC significantly enhanced the water resistance of the liquid mulch film and provided excellent UV shielding (90%) and water vapor shielding performance (249.3 g m⁻² d⁻¹). In addition, PCQ effectively immobilized topsoil, retained soil moisture, and improved seed germination. This study provides a new strategy for preparing environmentally friendly, low-cost, and degradable liquid mulch film.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143363052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface Modification of Polyethylene Using Soil Fungus With Dichlorophenol-Degrading Ability and Analysis of its Surface Characteristics","authors":"Tomoya Nakago,&nbsp;Mizuki Takahashi,&nbsp;Yumi Oyama,&nbsp;Tomohiro Ogawa,&nbsp;Kohei Shiraishi","doi":"10.1002/app.56621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56621","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The surface of polyethylene (PE) plastic bags was modified by a dichlorophenol (DCP)-degrading soil fungus: <i>Mortierella</i> sp., zygomycete fungus. The modified surface was evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), water drop contact angle measurements, and fluorescence analysis. In the presence of the fungus, the PE plastic bag samples showed improved hydrophilic properties as a result of OH-group modification. AFM height and phase images showed that the elastic modulus of the PE plastic bag surface increased when the fungus was present. The results showing that the change in the elastic modulus of the PE plastic bag samples was not proportional to their hydrophilicity, suggests that the modification of OH groups and the formation of C–C cross-linked structures occur in a competitive manner.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ABS and Styrene-N-Phenylmaleimide-Acrylonitrile Terpolymer Achieved Both Toughening and Boosting Heat Resistance of PVC","authors":"Penghao Zhang,&nbsp;Jie Hou,&nbsp;Baijun Liu,&nbsp;Mingyao Zhang","doi":"10.1002/app.56573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56573","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The lack of toughness and heat resistance of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) limit its application in construction, transportation, packaging, and medical treatment. In this work, the core–shell structure polybutadiene grafted styrene and acrylonitrile copolymer (PB-g-SAN), named (ABS), was utilized to toughen PVC. The composite materials reached the brittle-ductile transition point at 10 phr. The heat-resistant modifier styrene-N-phenylmaleimide-acrylonitrile terpolymer (SMIA) synthesized by bulk polymerization was added to PVC/ABS to improve the heat resistance of the composite. The monomer N-phenylmaleimide with a large spatial site resistance is introduced into SMIA, which restricts the molecular chain movement. There are intermolecular forces between the nitrile group and PVC to enhance the composite compatibility. Phase separation was not observed in the scanning electron microscope images of composites, elucidating the outstanding compatibility of ABS, PVC, and SMIA. The brittle-ductile transition point was found to be 1350.60 J/m addition of 10 phr ABS. The Vicat softening temperature of the ternary functional composite (PVC/ABS/SMIA, 72:8:20) raised by 2°C, and the initial decomposition temperature increased by 19°C. Furthermore, the impact strength elevated 6 times compared to that of PVC. The toughening and strengthening heat resistance of PVC are realized at the same time.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143116161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large π-Conjugated Structure Strategy for Optimizing Polyimide Film-Forming Properties and Developing Gas Fluorescence Sensors","authors":"Xuecheng Wang,&nbsp;Chunyan Xu,&nbsp;Chenyi Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Zhao","doi":"10.1002/app.56591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56591","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four different amounts of anthracene groups were introduced into the polyimide (PI) backbone by one-step polycondensation. This bulky and rigid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon structure effectively improved the solubility of the polyimide material. Therefore, the anthracene-containing polyimides (ANPIs) were easily cast into the films at room temperature. The introduction of anthracene chromophores significantly developed the fluorescence performance of polyimides. It was found that the photoluminescence emission band of ANPIs migrated from the blue to the orange light region as the samples changed from solution to film. This is related to the aggregation of molecular chains in a solid state. Furthermore, ethanol and phenylethanol were selected to investigate the fluorescence response of the ANPI film. Interestingly, the sample displayed a noticeable luminescent “turn-off” effect on the targets. It could be considered a convenient strategy for the detection of organic gases.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}