Open Journal of Safety Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Field Comparison of Two Sampling Methods for Triglycidyl Isocyanurate","authors":"S. Thygerson, Joshua West, R. Merrill","doi":"10.4236/OJSST.2013.34013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJSST.2013.34013","url":null,"abstract":"Side-by-side field sampling comparisons for \u0000Triglycidylisocyanurate (TGIC) were conducted \u0000using 1) a laboratory method to determine specific levels of airborne TGIC, and \u00002) the NIOSH 0500 method for Particulates Not Otherwise Regulated for total \u0000aerosol mass. Resulting concentrations from the NIOSH 0500 method in \u0000conjunction with the powder coating manufacturer safety data sheet are then \u0000used to estimate TGIC levels in air. This second method is designed as a \u0000simpler and less expensive sampling and analytical method. Results show that \u0000the NIOSH 0500 method resulted in airborne concentrations up to ten times \u0000greater than the laboratory method resulting in specific for TGIC. Coefficients of variation show that the laboratory method had the least variability. We \u0000conclude that the NIOSH 0500 method and subsequent calculation should not be \u0000used to quantify TGIC levels in powder coatings. However, this method may be \u0000used to monitor effectiveness of exposure \u0000control.","PeriodicalId":183634,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Safety Science and Technology","volume":"2 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132580391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Hazards of Solvents Exposure among Workers in Paint Industry","authors":"Aida A. Hassan, S. E. El-Nagar, I. Tayeb, S. Bolbol","doi":"10.4236/OJSST.2013.34011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJSST.2013.34011","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Paints and coatings include paints, \u0000varnishes, lacquers, stains, printing inks and more. A wide variety of volatile \u0000solvents are used in paint and coating manufacturing including aliphatic and \u0000aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones and consist of more than 30% of \u0000most of paints. At low or moderate concentrations, the organic solvents may \u0000cause transient symptoms such as euphoria, headache and dizziness. At high \u0000concentrations, anaesthesia and disturbances in respiration and circulation may \u0000occur and may lead to death. Long-term exposure may cause damage to the Central \u0000Nervous System (CNS), such as cognitive and emotional deficits. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 92 male workers \u0000exposed to organic solvents on performing their job in Koratol Paint Factory in \u0000Alaama Village in Sharkia Governorate. Another group of 95 workers, not \u0000working with organic solvents were selected from the Faculty of Medicine in \u0000Zagazig University and considered as a control group. All participants in the study were subjected to a pre-designed \u0000questionnaire to collect information about personal, socio-demographic data, \u0000occupational history, use of personal protective equipments, frequently \u0000perceived health complaints which included irritation symptoms (skin, eye and \u0000nose) and Questions of the validated questionnaire for the neuropsychological \u0000symptoms (Q22). Results: The neuropsychological \u0000symptoms score (Q22) revealed that 63.04% of solvents exposed \u0000paint manufacturing workers had neuropsychological symptoms, compared to about \u0000only 2.1% in control group and the difference was statistically significant. \u0000Regarding the relation between types of job done and results of neuropsychological \u0000symptoms score (Q22) there was increased risk for neuropsychological symptoms \u0000in production group than packing group (OR = 13.94) and for \u0000the duration of work the risk increased in workers with duration over 15 years (OR = 32.84). Logistic \u0000regression analysis showed that the most important predictors of \u0000neuropsychological symptoms were the type of job performed by the workers such \u0000as production or packing and their duration of work ≥15 years. Conclusions: The paint industry workers were at \u0000increased risk of several irritant and neuropsychological symptoms which \u0000significantly related to exposure to paint and organic solvents.","PeriodicalId":183634,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Safety Science and Technology","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133584381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety Climates in Construction Industry: Understanding the Role of Construction Sites and Workgroups","authors":"S. A. Silva, Adriana Araújo, Dário Costa, J. Meliá","doi":"10.4236/OJSST.2013.34010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJSST.2013.34010","url":null,"abstract":"Studies of safety climate in construction revealed a significant \u0000positive association between safety climate and various aspects of occupational \u0000health and safety. The mechanisms through which this impact operates are still \u0000unclear and safety climate is usually studied without considering the \u0000complexity of this industry (companies, worksites and groups). The aim of this \u0000research is to analyze to what extend there are differences between construction \u0000sites and to explore the relations between construction sites’ safety climate \u0000and workers’ safety response and to examine how this influence occur \u0000considering the workgroups. The safety climate was evaluated using a reduced \u0000version of the questionnaire that is a part of Battery HERC (Herramienta para \u0000evaluacion riesgos comportamentales). The data were collected in a \u0000Portuguese construction company (5 construction sites; including \u0000sub-contractors) comprising 213 workers. Differences between construction \u0000sites safety climate were found, suggesting the prevalence of safety \u0000sub-climates. The workgroup safety climate played a determinant role on \u0000workers’ safety response in subcontracted workgroups and it is an important \u0000mechanism through which the principal contractor can influence subcontractors’ \u0000safety response. Designers of preven- tion and training programs for accidents \u0000prevention should include specific contents in order to improve supervisory \u0000safety leadership and workgroup safety responses.","PeriodicalId":183634,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Safety Science and Technology","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127602736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Fatal Occupational Injuries and Safety Climate: A Cross-Sectional Study of Construction Building Workers in Mit-Ghamr City, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt","authors":"R. Abbas, M. Zalat, N. S. Ghareeb","doi":"10.4236/OJSST.2013.34009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJSST.2013.34009","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Construction is a dangerous industry, with high rates of fatal and non-fatal \u0000injuries. Although, safety climate has been linked with safety performance and \u0000work-related accidents, yet it is scarcely studied and considered in injury \u0000prevention programs in developing countries. So, the objectives of this study \u0000are to find out the magnitude, pattern and risk factors of non-fatal \u0000occupational injuries among a sample of construction building workers and to \u0000explore the level of safety climate and its relationship with occupational \u0000injuries. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted \u0000on 91 workers, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, in 18 large construction \u0000sites in Mit-Ghamr city, Dakahlia Governorate. Data about socio-demographic and \u0000occupational characteristics, description of occupational injuries, and \u0000work-related and behavioral risk factors were collected using a structured \u0000questionnaire. Results: Occupational \u0000injuries in the past 12 months were reported by 46.2% of workers. The most \u0000common body parts injured were upper and lower limbs (31.0% and 26.2%). The \u0000majority of injuries were cuts/lacerations (30.9%) and contusions (28.6%). \u0000Falls (47.6%) and injuries by manual tools (23.8%) were the main causes of \u0000injuries. The majority of injured workers (90.5%) reported complete recovery \u0000after the most serious injury. The average of working days was lost \u0000per year due to occupational injuries (18.6 ± 7.8 days/year). None of the \u0000injured workers reported receiving sufficient first-aid treatment at worksite \u0000or filling an accident notification form. Extended working hours, poor safety \u0000climate, short duration of work, job dissatisfaction, young age, and job stress \u0000were significant risk factors of occupational injuries. Conclusion: Non-fatal occupational injuries are common among this sample \u0000of construction workers with significant relation to extended working hours and \u0000poor safety climate and other risk factors. So, it is important to build upon \u0000this research in order to help develop successful policies to prevent \u0000work-related injuries and promote safer work practices for construction \u0000building workers.","PeriodicalId":183634,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Safety Science and Technology","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130659252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabricated Antibacterial and Bioactive Titania Nanotube Arrays Coating on the Surface of Titanium","authors":"T. Tian, H. Dong, Xiaoting Tian, Y. Hao","doi":"10.4236/OJSST.2013.33007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJSST.2013.33007","url":null,"abstract":"By photic-assisted deposition, Ag nanoparticles were assembled on \u0000bioactive TiO2 nanotube arrays, which were fabricated \u0000by anodic oxidation in 0.5 wt% NH4F solution containing 0.5 wt% Na2HPO4. \u0000The samples were characterized by scanning electron mincroscope (SEM), X-ray \u0000diffraction (XRD). Germiculture experimentation was employed to testing \u0000samples’ antibacterial capability. An obvious antibacterial ring appeared \u0000around the Ag modified samples, indicating that Ag modified \u0000titania nanotube arrays has good antibacterial capability.","PeriodicalId":183634,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Safety Science and Technology","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126667234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Beam Length and Braced Length on Moment-Rotation Behavior of Castellated Beams","authors":"M. Gerami, H. Saberi, V. Saberi, A. Firouzi","doi":"10.4236/OJSST.2013.33005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJSST.2013.33005","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of web openings in castellated beams introduces \u0000different modes of failure at the perforated sections such as excessive \u0000stresses in tee-sections, excessive stresses in mid-depth of the web post, \u0000web-post buckling, developing plastic Vierendeel mechanism. This paper presents \u0000nonlinear behavior of castellated beams under moment gradient loading and \u0000investigates the effect of beam length and braced length on moment-rotation \u0000behavior and ductility of this type of beams. Accuracy of finite element models \u0000of plain-webbed beams is evaluated comparing moment-rotation behavior \u0000and failure mode of other researchers’ numerical models and cleared a \u0000satisfactory accuracy. Rotational capacity of castellated beams, derived from \u0000numerical modeling, is compared with corresponding I-shaped plain-webbed steel \u0000beams and it is cleared that for the short beams, web openings reduce energy \u0000absorbance and plastic moment capacity of the beams more than long ones.","PeriodicalId":183634,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Safety Science and Technology","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132026836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Evaluation of Symmetric Prism Method to Analyze the Splitting Forces Due to TBM Jack Loads","authors":"H. Saberi, V. Saberi, A. Kheyroddin, A. Firouzi","doi":"10.4236/OJSST.2013.33006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJSST.2013.33006","url":null,"abstract":"Final lining in mechanized excavation includes the precast concrete \u0000segments. These segments are designed for applied loads during construction, \u0000moving, depot, assembling in the tunnel and service loads that are affected by \u0000earth conditions. One of these loads that are applied to the segments after \u0000assembling in the ring, are TBM jack loads especially when the TBM should \u0000excavate squeeze zones with single mode. As the jack pad section is smaller \u0000than the segment section, it causes splitting loads in the segment. Symmetric \u0000prism method is an approximate solution to evaluate these forces. In this \u0000paper, calculated results by this method are compared to that of numerical \u0000solution by ANSYS software. It shows 10 - 20 \u0000percent difference between numerical and analytical results.","PeriodicalId":183634,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Safety Science and Technology","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115400052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting Use of Lights and Siren for Patient Illnesses","authors":"Jessica Mueller, L. Stanley","doi":"10.4236/OJSST.2013.33008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJSST.2013.33008","url":null,"abstract":"Lights and siren are frequently used by Emergency Medical Service \u0000(EMS) groups to reduce response times and increase a patient’s \u0000chance for survival. However, the use of lights and siren in EMS patient \u0000transport has been associated with occasional inappropriate use, higher crash \u0000rates involving the ambulance, and a potential “wake effect” increasing crash \u0000rates in ambient traffic. This study examines types of patient illnesses and \u0000their involvement with either emergency (lights and siren engaged) or \u0000non-emergency transport. Patient care records were analyzed from a \u0000five-year period from a private medical transportation company. A binary \u0000logistic regression model was built to predict the transportation \u0000mode (lights and siren or non-emergency-mode) most likely to accompany each \u0000unique primary patient illness. Patient illnesses were identified that showed a \u0000higher probability of transport using lights and siren. Fifteen illness descriptions \u0000were identified from the records as being more likely to result in emergency \u0000mode travel, including airway obstruction, altered level of consciousness, \u0000breathing problems, cardiac arrest, cardiac symptoms, chest pain, congestive \u0000heart failure/pulmonary embolism, heart/cardiac, obstetrics, respiratory \u0000arrest, respiratory distress, stroke/cerebrovascular accident, \u0000trauma, unconscious, and patients where data was not entered. The patient \u0000illnesses associated with lights and siren were not limited to cardiac conditions \u0000and symptoms, which suggest that response-time goals based solely on cardiac \u0000arrest patients may need to be expanded to include other illnesses such as \u0000respiratory conditions. Expanded studies could assess whether or not \u0000lights and sirens result in a clinically significant time savings across the \u0000spectrum of illnesses that are currently being transported using lights and \u0000siren. The list of illnesses identified here as more commonly utilizing lights \u0000and siren could be useful to untrained EMS or dispatch workers to assist in \u0000minimizing unnecessary emergency mode travel, thereby increasing safety for EMS \u0000workers, patients, and the general public.","PeriodicalId":183634,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Safety Science and Technology","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129058949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing SLIM, SPAR-H and Bayesian Network Methodologies","authors":"E. Calixto, G. B. A. Lima, P. Firmino","doi":"10.4236/OJSST.2013.32004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJSST.2013.32004","url":null,"abstract":"Human factors always affect maintenance performance, and in \u0000some cases, it’s critical to systems availability and reliability. \u0000Despite such importance, in so many cases, there’s no human \u0000reliability method applied to analyze maintenance tasks in \u0000order to understand better human factors influence in maintenance performance. \u0000There are several human analysis methodologies and regarding human factors, \u0000SLIM (Successes Likelihood Methods), SPAR-H (Standardized Plant Analysis \u0000Risk-Human Reliability Analysis Method) and Bayesian Net take into account such \u0000factors and may be a good approach to minimize human error. In order to propose \u0000a human reliability methodology to analyze maintenance tasks taking into \u0000account human factors, a case study about turbine star up tasks will be \u0000carried out. Therefore, different human reliability methods will be performed \u0000based on specialist opinion. Finally, the human error probability as well as \u0000drawbacks and advantages from different methods will be discussed to get a \u0000final conclusion.","PeriodicalId":183634,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Safety Science and Technology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129267368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a Composite Index of Child Road Safety in a Municipality","authors":"V. Gitelman, S. Levi, E. Doveh, L. Endy-Findling,","doi":"10.4236/OJSST.2013.32003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJSST.2013.32003","url":null,"abstract":"Road traffic injuries are a leading cause of injury-related death \u0000and disability in children in Israel. The use of safety performance indicators \u0000(SPIs) is common today for benchmarking road safety performance and monitoring \u0000of trends. This study aimed to develop a set of indicators which would assist in \u0000diagnosis and promotion of child road safety in urban communities. A wide set \u0000of basic indicators was defined with an interdisciplinary team of experts. A \u0000pilot study was undertaken in four municipalities, in which the data for five \u0000safety domains: injury, background characteristics, road user behaviors, \u0000attitudes, policy and management—were collected and basic SPIs were estimated. \u0000To combine the basic indicators into a composite index, for each domain, a \u0000statistical model based on common Factor Analysis was applied. The Factor \u0000Analysis demonstrated a reasonable way of aggregating the indicators’ meaning, for each domain considered, and produced the tools for municipalities’ comparison. It was concluded that the child road safety indicators and \u0000composite indices developed are applicable for measuring and monitoring of \u0000municipalities’ road safety level and practices. National authorities may use the \u0000tools developed to compare urban communities at a regional or country level.","PeriodicalId":183634,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Safety Science and Technology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128314740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}