Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran最新文献

{"title":"Acute Epidural Hematoma: From Injury to Death.","authors":"Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Hamid Bahmani, Mohsen Hajiqasemi","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.39.10","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.39.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute epidural hematoma (AEDH) is a critical condition commonly resulting from trauma, particularly in young males aged 20 to 30 years. It arises from the accumulation of blood between the dura mater and the skull, leading to increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and various neurological symptoms. Early mechanisms, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shift and vasoconstriction, temporarily stabilize ICP, but as the hematoma grows, these compensatory processes fail. This failure results in a rapid progression of symptoms, including localized pain, nausea, vomiting, and, in severe cases, loss of consciousness or herniation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Clinical presentations depend on the compression location, such as the \"talk and die\" phenomenon in posterior fossa AEDH or motor impairments due to subfalcine herniation. Advanced stages are marked by Cushing's triad and posturing changes, indicating imminent herniation. Prompt recognition and intervention, typically surgical evacuation through craniotomy for indicated cases, are crucial for preventing mortality. Medical management focuses on controlling ICP through positioning and osmotic agents.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Awareness of clinical symptoms and rapid treatment are vital for improving patient outcomes in this potentially fatal disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"39 ","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12138751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Factors leadership's Performance in Medical Education: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Sareh Mehni, Mohhammad Hasan Keshavarzi, Seyed AliAkbar Faghihi, Reza Dehnavieh Tijang","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.39.9","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.39.9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Among various types of leadership, educational leadership has established a privileged position for itself. This is attributable to its major contribution to effective learning and teaching processes, along with changes in social structures and ideas. Recent studies have underscored the educational leaders' pivotal role in organizational success. In addition, the literature highlights various factors-including environmental and social influences-that impact leaders' performance. The present study aimed to identify and categorize the factors and parameters influencing the performance of educational leaders within the medical education setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study adopts a scoping review approach, akin to a systematic review but with slight differences in the comprehensive search and quality assessment procedures. Medline, Embase, APA PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Completed were searched using advanced search options and Boolean operators \"AND\" and \"OR\" to retrieve the most relevant records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the total records obtained from 6081 online data sources, after removing duplicates and the records featuring irrelevant titles, abstracts, titles, or full papers, 17 articles were chosen for data extraction. We analyzed the challenges faced by educational leaders across 5 primary categories-organizational structure, human resources, education system, leadership characteristics, and external factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Leaders in medical education operate in a complex system that includes academic settings, health care organizations, and other regulatory and professional bodies. Medical education institutions must help address the critical needs of leaders and leadership development. It is suggested that the developments in the field of academic leadership should be founded based on the following threeelements-knowledge and individual leadership skills, organizational improvement, and strategic position of the organization.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"39 ","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12138754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Parenting in Families with Autistic and ADHD Children Compared with Families with Neurotypical Children.","authors":"Mojgan Khademi, Sara Shafaee, Maryam Hosseinzadeh, Rozita Davari Ashtiani, Fariba Arabgol, Katayoon Razjouyan","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.39.8","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.39.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study was designed to compare the parenting frequencies from the perspective of mothers in the three groups of children with Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and without disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 241 families consisting of 81 families in the autism group, 81 families in the ADHD group, and 79 families in the normal group. The interview consisted of questions asking about the rates of reward and punishment used before and after the lockdown. We further questioned the relationship between parents in these families and also used the general health questionnaire (GHQ-12) to assess mothers' mental health. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analyzing the data revealed that the rate of reward has decreased significantly during the pandemic in all study groups (<i>P</i>=0.002). The rate of punishment was also increased in most ADHD families but did not show any change in autism and normal families after the quarantine. We also reported that in the ASD group, most parents had experienced a decline in their relationship (<i>P</i>=0.011). Mothers of ADHD children had a significantly lower mental health score (mean score of 13.15±6.32) compared with mothers with ASD children (mean score of 13.94±4.72) and mothers of neurotypical children (mean score of 14.05±4.66) (<i>P</i>=0.036).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, quarantine and semi-quarantine situations could cause changes among families, such as changes in parenting styles (including the rate of using physical punishment), relationships between parents, or even parents' mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"39 ","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12138749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anesthetics and Postoperative Delirium in Elderly after Elective Surgery: A Retrospective Comparison between Sevoflurane and Propofol.","authors":"Yasser Ahmed Abdelaziz El Kerdasy, Ibrahim Fadl Mahmoud, Neazy Abdmokhles Abdelmottaleb, Mahmoud Gaballah Montasser Ali, Mahmoud Helmy Elsaied","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.39.7","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.39.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly subjects is an important health issue as it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Anesthetic agents are associated factors for the development of POD. However, the results of previous studies are heterogeneous. The current work aimed to determine the incidence and associated factors of POD after sevoflurane or propofol general anesthesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective study, where data were collected from the medical records of 200 subjects scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia. One hundred received sevoflurane, and the other 100 received propofol. The collected data included patient characteristics and preoperative and operative data. In addition, POD and any complications developed after surgery are also included. Mean and standard deviation were used to summarize quantitative variables, while frequency and percentages were used to express categorical data. The independent sample's student test was used to compare two means, and Chi-Square was used to calculate associations between categorical parameters. Risk estimate was determined by calculation of odds ratios. <i>P</i> value<0.05 was considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Operative time was significantly shorter in sevoflurane than in propofol groups (249.91±45.41 vs 264.60±45.78 minutes, respectively). Otherwise, no significant differences were recorded for preoperative and operative data. The incidence of POD was significantly higher after propofol than sevoflurane (30.0% vs 14.0%). The POD was significantly associated with higher ASA-class physical status, diabetes mellitus, and type of anesthetic agent. ASA-III was 34.1% and 10.3% in patients with delirium than without delirium. Diabetes recorded 65.9% for the group with delirium compared to 10.3% for those without delirium.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>POD was higher after propofol than sevoflurane anesthesia. It is associated with ASA physical status, diabetes, and the type of anesthetic agent used.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"39 ","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12138668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explaining a Hybrid Competency-Meritocracy Model for Selection of Hospitals Executive Managers: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Hossein Dargahi, Mohammad Hossein Ketabchi Khonsari, Mahdi Kooshkebaghi","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.39.6","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.39.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The successful improvement of health care system (HCS) efficiency in all countries hinges on the selection of effective leaders in the new century. Nevertheless, failing to notice the competency and meritocracy of managers still seems to be one of the major challenges drawn against Iran's HCS, mainly at hospitals, to improve global knowledge and core skills.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This scoping review was performed on the articles published on the Persian and English databases from June 2000 to September 2023, using the keywords \"health care system, hospital executive manager, competency and meritocracy system.\" The 6-stage framework developed by Arksey and O'Malley was applied to collect and present the findings. Moreover, the quality of the desired articles was evaluated via the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, there are 7 core categories-including effective leadership, comprehensive knowledge management, evidence, managerial tasks, personality traits, management intelligence, and management skills. Using a total of 105 references-including 47 articles for entry into the review and 58 articles added as other sources alongside 95 subcategories associated with the competency and meritocracy of hospital executive managers within the Management Competency Assessment Partnership (MCAP) framework-were extracted through open and deductive coding, and ultimately confirmed. Professionalism was correspondingly supplemented to the given categories based on the MCAP framework, and the final hybrid competency-meritocracy model for the selection of hospital executive managers was proposed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The hybrid competency-meritocracy model proposed in this scoping review can be exploited in the management of new-century hospitals. As the administration of successful hospitals cannot be fulfilled individually, this hybrid model should incorporate all levels of clinical and executive management at hospitals to achieve the desired outcomes by synergizing them with each other. It is suggested to carry out further research on how to establish a competency-meritocracy system in the selection of hospital managers at senior, middle, and operational levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"39 ","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12138720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and Solutions in Medical Tourism at Iran University of Medical Sciences: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Niloofar Hosseinabadi, Ali Badizadeh, Rouhollah Zaboli, Ali Nemati","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.39.5","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.39.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Iran University of Medical Sciences holds significant capacities and opportunities for entering various fields of international health services trade. Medical tourism, in particular, holds considerable potential for boosting the country's economy and enhancing its healthcare system. This study aimed to identify the challenges in medical tourism at Iran University of Medical Sciences and provide solutions to enhance its growth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with purposive sampling in the years 2023-2024. Participants included 15 healthcare professionals and administrators involved in medical tourism. Data analysis was performed using thematic analysis, coding, and theming methods with ATLAS. TI software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The challenges related to health tourism include 8 main themes-including governance, service delivery, financing, human resources, monitoring and evaluation, technology and infrastructure, facilities, and information management-and 20 subthemes. The solutions, based on expert perspectives, include 9 main themes-including enhanced governance, improved service delivery, increased financing, better human resources, effective monitoring and evaluation, upgraded technology and infrastructure, enhanced facilities, robust information management, and Advertising and Marketing-and 24 subthemes. Key challenges identified include inadequate governance and limited technology and infrastructure, while proposed solutions focus on improving governance structures and investing in technology upgrades.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study results indicated that health tourism requires interdisciplinary cooperation, necessitating appropriate policy-making. Medical treatments provided by hospitals, which have competitive advantages, should be promoted globally through advertising. Hospitals should provide amenities for patients and their companions-including facilities for financial transactions and currency exchange-to enhance comfort. Empowering human resources is highlighted as an effective strategy in this regard. The role of advertising and marketing in attracting foreign patients through social networks was also emphasized. Quality service delivery and its appropriate receipt are crucial aspects of healthcare services, and hospitals can assure patients of receiving quality services by obtaining accreditation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"39 ","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12138773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Important Diagnostic Genes in the Uterine Using Bioinformatics and Machine Learning.","authors":"Hossein Valizadeh Laktarashi, Milad Rahimi, Kimia Abrishamifar, Ali Mahmoudabadi, Elham Nazari","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.39.4","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.39.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Uterine corpus endometrial cancer (UCEC) is known as the sixth most common cancer in the world. Advances in bioinformatics and deep learning have provided the 2 tools for screening large-scale genomic data and discovering potential biomarkers indicative of disease states. This study aimed to investigate the identification of important genes for diagnosis and prognosis in the uterus using bioinformatics and machine learning algorithms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>RNA expression profiles of UECE patients were analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using deep learning techniques. Prognostic biomarkers were assessed through survival curve analysis utilizing COMBIO-ROC. Additionally, molecular pathways, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, co-expression patterns of DEGs, and their associations with clinical data were thoroughly examined. Ultimately, diagnostic markers were determined through deep learning-based analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to our findings, MEX3B, CTRP2 (C1QTNF2), and AASS are new biomarkers for UCEC. The evaluation metrics demonstrate the deep learning model's (DNN) efficacy, with a minimal mean squared error (MSE) of 5.1096067E-5 and a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.007, indicative of accurate predictions. The R-squared value of 0.99 underscores the model's ability to explain a substantial portion of the variance in the data. Thus, the model achieves a perfect area under the curve (AUC) of 1, signifying exceptional discrimination ability, and an accuracy rate of 97%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The GDCA database and deep learning algorithms identified 3 significant genes -MEX3B, CTRP2 (C1QTNF2), and AASS-as potential diagnosis biomarkers of UCEC. Thus, identifying new UCEC biomarkers has promise for effective care, improved prognosis, and early diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"39 ","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12138763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological Study of The Mortality of Patients with Progeria during the Years 2013 To 2022 in Iran.","authors":"Ensieh Tavana, Masoumeh Andish, Samaneh Eslami, Amin Moradi, Iman Mosaei, Monavar Afzalaghaee, Mosa Farkhani","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.39.3","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.39.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"39 ","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12138785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Psoas Muscle Index for Prognosis Prediction in Patients with Ovarian Cancer: A Retrospective 2-Center Cohort Study.","authors":"Mahdiss Mohamadianamiri, Mohammadreza Babaei, Arash Mohazzab, Fahimeh Zeinalkhani, Peyman Kamali Hakim, Somayeh Ebadi Soflo, Fatemeh Jayervand, Maryam Noroozi","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.39.2","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.39.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of death among gynecological cancers. The prognosis depends mainly on the diagnosis stage. Sarcopenia, characterized by muscle wasting, significantly impacts cancer prognosis. This study aimed to examine the importance of the psoas muscle index in predicting outcomes for ovarian cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study with 73 patients treated between 2011 and 2021 at Akbarabadi Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital and Rasool-Akram General Hospital in Tehran, Iran. The psoas muscle index was calculated from the sectional area of the psoas muscle at the third lumbar vertebra using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Data collection included demographic information, cancer stage, pathology, and treatment outcomes. Statistical analyses, including logistic and Cox regressions, evaluated the association between the psoas muscle index and patient outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The psoas muscle index was significantly higher in patients without treatment failure (173 ± 28.94) compared with those with treatment failure (149.75 ± 20.39) (<i>P</i> = 0.016). Logistic regression analysis indicated that an increased psoas muscle index was an independent predictor for better survival outcomes (odds ratio [OR], 0.891 [95% CI, 0.786-1.01]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings highlight the importance of sarcopenia in the prognosis of ovarian cancer. This study supports the potential of the psoas muscle index as a noninvasive and accessible prognostic tool in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"39 ","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12138782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-of-Illness Analysis of Diabetic Foot Ulcer: A Prevalence-Based Approach in Southwest of Iran.","authors":"Ahmad Tahmasebi-Ghorrabi, Amal Saki Malehi, Amin Torabipour, Amir Hosseinipour, Mohadeseh Davodian, Arman Shahriari","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.39.1","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.39.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a destructive complication of diabetes that imposes a significant economic burden on patients and the health system. This study was conducted to estimate and influence factors on DFU costs in Ahvaz, Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a cross-sectional study in 2017 among 213 DFU patients referred to Razi Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran. A cost of illness checklist was used to collect information. After calculating the costs, to analyze the effect of variables on the change of costs, regression analysis was used in the generalized linear method with gamma distribution. Also, based on the percentage of changes in cost items in 5 years, the costs of DFU until 2042 were estimated. Data analysis was done using descriptive and analytical tests (gamma regression) in SPSS Version 26 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total costs of each patient in the year were 319,885,040 Rials ($7616.31). Direct medical costs were 280,539,930 Rials ($6679.52) (87.7%), indirect medical costs were 5,670,550 Rials ($135.01) (1.77%), and indirect costs were 3,3674,560 Rials ($801.78) (10.53%). Based on the estimate, annual DFU cost items and total costs will increase by 32 and 258.3 times for each patient in 2042, respectively. Regression analysis showed that type of insurance, presence of infection, hospitalization, degree of wound, duration of wound, family history, and employment status are influential factors in changes in DFU costs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DFU treatment costs are a substantial financial burden for patients, and these costs are increasing. Controlling the factors affecting the costs during the treatment process of this disease will reduce the financial burden on the patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"39 ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12138731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}