Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran最新文献

{"title":"Factors Required to Develop Strategic Purchasing for Diagnostic Imaging Services: An Expert Opinion.","authors":"Abdollah Soltan-Tajian, Alireza Jabbari, Nasrin Shaarbafchizadeh, Peivand Bastani","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.84","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.38.84","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In recent decades, healthcare purchasing has been continuously searching for new approaches to improve performance. The pressure of expensive services resulting from more advanced health technology has increased the necessity of these changes. Strategic purchasing of health services, as a recommended approach, remains unknown in diagnostic imaging services. This study explores the potential determinants of strategic purchasing in the context of diagnostic imaging services.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a qualitative study conducted through framework analysis (applying five stages of familiarization, identifying a thematic framework, indexing, mapping, and interpretation) in 2023 based on the World Health Organization for strategic purchasing. This framework includes 5 questions: what to buy? From whom to buy? For whom to buy? what mechanism to buy? At what price to buy? A dimension of what structure to buy? Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with key informants in which data saturation was reached in 18 interviews. After transcribing each interview, data were analyzed using MAXQDA software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 32 factors were identified to be influencing the strategic purchasing of diagnostic imaging services. Development of an evidence-based service package using a prospective combined payment system, consideration of the burden of disease and health needs, implementation of a referral system and family physician program integrated with the electronic health record, and most importantly, political belief and technical capacity are the most important identified factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The implementation of a strategic purchasing policy requires a systemic approach to the factors affecting it. A number of specific and sometimes interconnected activities must be carried out in different areas of strategic purchasing. Governance of purchasing is the foundation of strategic purchasing. It is suggested that this item should be investigated more in countries like Iran.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11644203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BRAF^V600E Mutation Analysis in Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology of Fixed Slide Specimens in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.","authors":"Sara Cheraghi, Maryam Honardoost, Fereshteh Abdolmaleki, Mohammad E Khamseh","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.83","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.38.83","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most frequent type of thyroid cancer. The BRAF^V600E mutation is associated with tumor progression. We explored the utility of the BRAF molecular testing on fine needle aspiration fixed specimens of patients with confirmed diagnoses of papillary thyroid carcinoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fixed thyroid cytology slide specimens of 19 patients with Bethesda II to VI reports were used to detect BRAF^V600E mutation by pyrosequencing of extracted DNA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BRAF^V600E mutation was detected in 25% of the specimens with Bethesda category III and IV nodules and in 73% of the nodules with Bethesda category V and VI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BRAF mutation analysis can be performed on fixed fine needle aspiration cytology specimens. Although the frequency of the mutation is higher in specimens with higher Bethesda category scores, it could support clinical decision-making in thyroid nodules with intermediate Bethesda category scores.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11644031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Co-expression Modules-Traits Correlation through Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis: A Promising Approach in Wound Healing Research.","authors":"Mansoureh Farhangniya, Ali Samadikuchaksaraei, Farzaneh Mohamadi Farsani","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.82","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.38.82","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The skin is the biggest organ in the body and has several important functions in protection and regulation. However, wound development can disrupt the natural healing process, leading to challenges such as chronic wounds, persistent infections, and impaired angiogenesis. These issues not only affect individuals' well-being but also pose significant economic burdens on healthcare systems. Despite advancements in wound care research, managing chronic wounds remains a pressing concern, with obstacles such as persistent infection and impaired angiogenesis hindering the healing process. Understanding the complex genetic pathways involved in wound healing is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies and reducing the socio-economic impact of chronic wounds. Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) offers a promising approach to uncovering key genes and modules associated with different stages of wound healing, providing valuable insights for targeted interventions to enhance tissue repair and promote efficient wound healing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Data collection involved retrieving microarray gene expression datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus website, with 65 series selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Preprocessing of raw data was performed using the Robust MultiArray Averaging approach for background correction, normalization, and gene expression calculation. Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis was employed to identify co-expression patterns among genes associated with wound healing processes. This involved steps such as network construction, topological analysis, module identification, and association with clinical traits. Functional analysis included enrichment analysis and identification of hub genes through gene-gene functional interaction network analysis using the GeneMANIA database.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The analysis using WGCNA indicated significant correlations between wound healing and the black, brown, and light green modules. These modules were further examined for their relevance to wound healing traits and subjected to functional enrichment analysis. A total of 16 genes were singled out as potential hub genes critical for wound healing. These hub genes were then scrutinized, revealing a gene-gene functional interaction network within the module network based on the KEGG enrichment database. Noteworthy pathways such as MAPK, EGFR, and ErbB signaling pathways, as well as essential cellular processes including autophagy and mitophagy, emerged as the most notable significant pathways.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;We identified consensus modules relating to wound healing across nine microarray datasets. Among these, 16 hub genes were uncovered within the brown and black modules. KEGG enrichment analysis identified co-expression genes within these modules and highlighted pathways most closely associated with the development of","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11644100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case of Primary Ovarian Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor.","authors":"Sara Parviz, Fahimeh Zeinalkhani, Masoumeh Gity, Hamidreza Saligheh Rad, Anahita Fathi Kazerooni, Fatemeh Nili, Peyman Kamali Hakim, Hadise Zeinalkhani","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.81","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.38.81","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) are a family of poorly differentiated malignant neoplasms of neuroectodermal origin. According to the location of origin, PNETs could be further categorized as central or peripheral. Peripheral PNET (pPNET) is an uncommon type that accounts for 1% of all soft tissue sarcomas and occurs outside the central and sympathetic nervous systems. Ovarian PNET is a very rare tumor with a high mortality rate. We report a case of pPNET originating from the pelvic cavity of a young woman. Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings demonstrated the presence of a high-grade malignant ovarian tumor. On microscopic evaluation, the tumor was composed of solid nests and sheets of small rounded cells, and on Immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation, the tumor cells showed intense cell-membranous immunoactivity for MIC2 protein (CD99). In the differential diagnosis of any invasive pelvic tumor in young women, pPNET should be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11644198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (CAAR) in Iran: Registry Protocol and Results of the Pilot Study.","authors":"Mohammad Haji Aghajani, Roxana Sadeghi, Mohammad Parsa Mahjoob, Amir Heidari, Fatemeh Omidi, Mohammad Sistanizad, Asma Pourhoseingholi, Seyed Saeed Hashemi Nazari, Mahmoud Yousefifard, Reza Miri, Niloufar Taherpour","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.80","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.38.80","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The current registry system aims to design a database that can be used for future research as a tool to produce and update new protocols for the diagnosis, treatment, management, and prevention of heart diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this hospital-based registry system, established on 27 July 2021, all the adult patients (age ≥18 years old) with signs and symptoms of cardiac diseases under coronary angiography or angioplasty in the cardiac ward of Imam Hossein Hospital of Tehran, Iran were recruited and followed-up until 30 days after discharge in the pilot phase. All data were collected using a researcher-made checklist from face-to-face interviews with patients and their medical records. The data were registered electronically in web-based software. Quality Control (QC) is conducted monthly by the QC team to ensure the documented data's quality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>among 1265 patients under coronary angiography or angioplasty over a year, 97% (n=1198) of them were Iranian, and 991 (73.33%) patients lived in the country's capital, Tehran. About 55% (n=706) of patients were male. The mean age of the total patients was 60.48 ± 12.01 years. 764 (60.39%) patients were diagnosed with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Of all CAD patients, 32.72% (n=250) and 1.18% (n=9) were premature and very early CAD, respectively. During one year, 22.54% (n=279) and 7.02% (n=87) of patients were under PCI and CABG, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Since CVDs, especially CADs, are one of the most common and priority diseases in Iran's health system, establishing a coronary angiography and angioplasty registration system is an opportunity to study the epidemiological and clinical process of CVDs in the shape of an accurate registration system.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11644197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Clinical Results Using Hamstring Versus Quadriceps Tendon Graft Versus Bone Patella Tendon in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Ehsan Fallah, Mobin Naghshbandi, Roya Ghafoury, Nima Hosseini Zare","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.79","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.38.79","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is pivotal for restoring knee stability and function in individuals with ACL injuries. While bone-patellar tendon-bone (PT), hamstring tendon (HT), and quadriceps tendon (QT) autografts are commonly employed, their comparative effectiveness remains a subject of ongoing research. This study aims to comprehensively compare the functional outcomes, knee stability, revision rates, and incidence of anterior knee pain associated with these autografts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this randomized clinical trial, adult male participants undergoing primary single-bundle ACL reconstruction were randomized into three groups (PT, HT, QT) using a computer-generated sequence with allocation concealment. Blinded assessments were conducted at 2-, 6-, and 12-months post-surgery to evaluate knee function, stability, and patient satisfaction. The rehabilitation protocol was standardized across groups, including specific exercises and cryotherapy, to minimize postoperative swelling and pain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 75 participants were followed for 12 months post-surgery. While significant improvements in knee function and stability were observed across all groups, there were no statistically significant differences between the autograft types in terms of revision rates or the incidence of anterior knee pain. Detailed statistical analysis revealed effect sizes and confidence intervals, substantiating the clinical relevance of the findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PT, HT, and QT autografts each provide favorable outcomes for ACL reconstruction without significant differences in efficacy up to one year postoperatively.Level of Evidence: Level 2 (Randomized Clinical Trial).</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11644201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Silymarin on Expression of micro-RNA-21 and Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9 and Tissue Inhibitors of Matrix Metalloproteinase (TIMP) 1 and 2 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line (HepG2).","authors":"Maryam Hormozi, Meysam Moulaee, Mahdi Alaee, Nasim Beigi Boroujeni, Mandana Beigi Boroujeni","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.38.78","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Silymarin is a flavonolignan that has various medicinal properties such as liver protection, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and heart protection activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of silymarin on the expression level of <i>mir-21</i>, matrix metalloproteinase(<i>MMP</i>), and their tissue inhibitors (<i>TIMPs</i>) in liver cancer HepG2 cell line.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An <i>in-vitro</i> experimental study was conducted on the human HepG2 cells prepared from Pasteur Institute, Tehran, Iran. Four concentrations of 0 (control), 50, 100, and 150 µM of silymarin were considered as the study groups according to the MTT assay. Gene expression study was performed using real-time PCR. The studied genes were <i>mir-21</i>, <i>MMP-2</i>, <i>MMP-9</i>, <i>TIMP-1</i> and <i>TIMP-2</i>. In addition, some apoptosis-related genes including <i>BAX</i>, <i>BCL2</i> and <i>Caspase3</i> (<i>CAS3</i>) were investigated. <i>GAPDH</i> was used as an internal control. Relative expression was calculated by REST program using t-test on the logarithm of expression considering a significance level of 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The significant up-regulations consisted of <i>TIMP</i> genes for doses 100 µM and 150 µM, and the apoptosis activating genes <i>CAS3</i> and <i>BAX</i> (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The significant down-regulations consisted of <i>MMP-9</i> in all concentrations, <i>MMP-</i>2 in concentration 100 µM, and the apoptosis inhibitory gene <i>BCL2</i> in concentrations 50 µM and 100 µM (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In addition, <i>mir-21</i> as an oncogenic micro-RNA showed significant down-regulation for all doses (<i>P</i> < 0.05). All the comparisons were with the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study showed that silymarin could affect the HepG2 cell line at the gene expression level <i>via</i> increasing apoptosis and changing the expression of <i>MMP-2</i>, <i>MMP-9</i>, <i>TIMP-1</i>, <i>TIMP-2</i> and <i>mir-21</i>. These findings were in line with each other and in favor of suppression of tumoral activity in this cell line.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11480674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142469456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the Effectiveness of Two Kinds of Reading Interventions on Reading Outcomes in Third to Fifth Grade Farsi Speaker Students with Dyslexia: An Exploratory Study.","authors":"Samira Mazaheri, Zahra Soleymani, Roxanne F Hudson, Saeed Talebian","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.38.77","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This research marks the exploration into comparing the effectiveness of two reading interventions in improving reading outcomes for third to fifth-grade Farsi-speaking students with dyslexia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this randomized control trial study, twenty students in Tehran were randomly assigned to a multi-component group and a comprehension-based intervention group, each receiving 36 sessions of 45 minutes. The effectiveness of the interventions was evaluated using adjusted mean differences with a one-way ANCOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed the comprehension-based intervention's superior effect size across most outcomes, except for the letters string. The effect size was large for word reading 0.93 (CI -0.002 to 1.85), medium for phoneme deletion 0.67 (CI -0.23 to 1.5), small for text comprehension 0.25 (CI -0.62 to 1.13), and trivial for both rhyme identification 0.1 (-0.77 to 0.98) and non-word reading 0.11 (CI -0.76 to 0.98). The multi-component intervention had a greater effect size on letters string than the other intervention, although it was small -0.21 (CI -1.09 to 0.66).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study concluded that comprehension-based intervention was more effective for Farsi-speaking students with dyslexia in grades 3-5, emphasizing the need for diverse intervention approaches to address their specific needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11480675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142469495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Narrative Review of Vocational Rehabilitation in People with Spinal Cord Injury in Different Countries.","authors":"Farhad Fatehi, Seyed Ali Hosseini, Nazila Akbarfahimi, Abdolreza Yavari","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.38.76","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-long neurological disease. This study reviews the literature on the vocational rehabilitation (VR) of people who experience SCI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, EMBASE, Google Scholar, ProQuest, and Science Direct databases were searched. The inclusion criteria of the articles included the following: describing adults with SCI only, the English or Persian language, and involving people of workforce age. Conference abstracts, case studies, and editorials were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The eligibility of 186 full-text articles was assessed, and 124 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies focused on barriers and facilitators for work in people with SCI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There are no current services and programs in Iran that support post-injury employment of people with SCI, and therefore, there remains a need for studies addressing employment in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11469713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142469479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Ponticulus Posticus among Orthodontic Patients of Iranian Population by Lateral Cephalogram.","authors":"Ali Bagherpour, Behzad Motaharian, Farzaneh Lal Alizadeh, Maryam Valizadeh, Kosar Hosseini","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.38.75","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The term Ponticulus Posticus (PP) refers to a complete or partial bony bridge on the vertebral artery that passes through the superior-lateral surface of the posterior arch of the atlas. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the prevalence of ponticulus posticus in orthodontic patients referred to Mashhad Dental School.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, one thousand cephalograms were selected from the patients referred to the orthodontics department of Mashhad Dental School between 2017 and 2021. In lateral cephalogram images with appropriate quality, the type of malocclusion was determined using the AudaxCeph software (Audax d.o.o., Ljubljana, Slovenia). Then, the images were evaluated for the presence or absence of PP. For the statistical analysis, chi-square and t-test were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, 861 lateral digital cephalograms were analyzed. The overall prevalence of PP in the studied population was 17.5%. The prevalence of PP was higher in males than in females (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The variables \"presence of PP\" (<i>P</i> = 0.056) and \"type of PP\" (<i>P</i> = 0.522) were found to be independent of age groups. Although class II subjects showed a higher prevalence of PP, skeletal malocclusion classes were not found to be correlated with the presence of PP (<i>P</i> = 0.104) nor with its types (<i>P</i> = 0.958).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study is considered the primary study that provides data concerning the prevalence of PP in the East of Iran. Our study showed that PP was not rare in this region. More studies with 3D radiological examination are needed to increase the accuracy of diagnosing PP and its prevalence in Iran.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11469706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142469491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}