Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Impact of surgeon experience level on outcomes of three different root coverage procedures for RT1 gingival recession.","authors":"Wentao Sun, Jiachen Dong, Mengjun Sun, Yue Liao, Zhongchen Song","doi":"10.1186/s40902-026-00514-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40902-026-00514-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gingival recession (GR) is a common dental condition. Root coverage procedures (RCPs) aim to restore the gingival margin to its original position and maximize root surface coverage. The impact of surgeon experience on surgical outcomes has not been systematically evaluated. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the impact of surgeon experience level on the outcomes of 3 different RCPs for RT1 GR by comprehensively assessing clinical and esthetic parameters before and after surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 304 patients (1,020 teeth) were included in this study. Surgeons with more than 5 years of experience achieved a significantly higher percentage of root coverage (PRC) (96.34 ± 10.95%) and significantly lower clinical attachment level (CAL) values (1.20 ± 0.42 mm) than less experienced surgeons (p < 0.05). Notably, surgical duration decreased markedly with increasing surgical experience (p < 0.0001). The root coverage esthetic score (RES) did not differ significantly among the three groups. Group A demonstrated higher mucosal scar index (MSI) values for the coronally advanced flap combined with connective tissue graft (CAF + CTG).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Surgeon experience level is associated with clinical efficacy and surgical efficiency in RCPs, with more experienced surgeons achieving superior PRC and attachment gain. Esthetic outcomes were comparable across experience levels. Additionally, more experienced surgeons had shorter operative times.</p>","PeriodicalId":18357,"journal":{"name":"Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13280075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148055359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robot-assisted jaw-in-a-day based on the sandwich approach: case series.","authors":"Ping Luo, Xiang Gao, Lingyu Su, Hongying Chen, Jiang Deng, Xiaochun Ren, Gang Fu, Yuanding Huang, Zhanpeng Ou, Fugui Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s40902-026-00513-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40902-026-00513-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The \"jaw-in-a-day\" (JIAD) concept involves integrating the resection of mandibular tumors with mandibular defect repair and immediate implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation into one surgical operation. This approach aims to reduce the overall treatment cycle, with the goal of improving patients' quality of life. However, traditional JIAD frequently employs static surgical guides, which can introduce variability in implant placement accuracy. Robot-assisted surgery has emerged as a promising alternative, with the potential to improve surgical precision through real-time navigation and haptic feedback technology.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>This retrospective case series reported five cases of mandibular tumors treated using the robot-assisted JIAD. Surgical planning involved virtual surgical simulation and computer-aided design/manufacturing based on sandwich planning technology. A robotic surgical system was utilized to prepare the implant site and place the implant under real-time navigation guidance. Immediate provisional prostheses were placed during the same surgery. All robot-assisted JIAD surgeries were performed as planned. The robot-assisted preparation and placement of implant sites yielded a mean angular deviation of 1.17° ± 0.30° and a linear deviation of less than 0.5 mm. Radiographic analysis at six months post-surgery revealed signs consistent with implant stability and osseointegration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The robot-assisted JIAD technique, based on the sandwich planning approach, appears to be a feasible approach that may enhance implant placement accuracy in complex mandibular reconstructions. However, these preliminary findings require further validation in larger, controlled studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18357,"journal":{"name":"Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13280080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148042730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taking microvascular training through the elevator: institutional experience in structured microsurgical training in India.","authors":"Navneet Kaur, Vineet Kumar, Mayur Mantri, Ameya Bindu, Saumya Mathews, Kunal Mokhale, Dushyan Jaiswal, Vinay Kant Shankhdhar","doi":"10.1186/s40902-026-00507-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40902-026-00507-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Microsurgery is an essential skill in plastic surgery, particularly for oncological reconstructions. The traditional training pathway in India spans approximately 12 years, encompassing medical school, general surgery residency and plastic surgery specialization. Given the projected 12.8% rise in cancer incidence by 2025 in India, there's an urgent need to expedite microsurgical training without compromising patient care quality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>At a tertiary cancer institute, a structured four-phase microsurgical training program was implemented from April 2022 to December 2023 for second-year plastic surgery residents. The program incorporated Peyton's four-step teaching approach-demonstration, deconstruction, comprehension, and performance-and utilized simulation-based training with latex gloves, silicon tubes, and live rat models. Progression to subsequent phases required achieving a minimum score of 8/10 on the Microsurgical Anastomosis Rating Scale (MARS10). Residents advanced from assisting in flap harvests to independently performing complete microsurgical procedures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over the study period, 1,520 free flap surgeries were performed in our institute. Residents individually conducted between 73 and 79 flap harvests and 18 to 22 microvascular anastomosis. The flap survival rate among resident-performed surgeries was 94.73%, close to the institute's overall rate of 95.53%. According to statistical analysis, there was no significant difference (p = 0.812), indicating the training model's effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The structured training model effectively reduced the microsurgical learning curve, maintaining high standards of patient care. By integrating simulation-based practice and objective assessment, the program offers a replicable framework for accelerating microsurgical competency among plastic surgery residents.</p>","PeriodicalId":18357,"journal":{"name":"Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13216362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148032435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diseases of the tongue: a review of etiologies and treatments.","authors":"Young Heon Jeong, Heonwoo Lee, Kang-Min Ahn","doi":"10.1186/s40902-026-00511-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40902-026-00511-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Tongue diseases are highly diverse and difficult to differentiate due to their varied etiologies. This clinical review summarizes various tongue diseases based on clinical experience and proposes appropriate treatment strategies, emphasizing the tongue's multifunctional role and its impact on quality of life.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>This clinical review analyzes a broad spectrum of tongue diseases encountered in clinical practice. Lesions were categorized according to etiology, including infectious, inflammatory, benign and malignant neoplastic, precancerous, congenital, autoimmune, and systemic disease-related manifestations. Relevant literature was reviewed in conjunction with the authors' clinical experience.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 36 tongue diseases were classified, and the characteristic clinical features and treatment approaches for each condition were presented.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this clinical review, various tongue diseases are reviewed and treatments were suggested.</p>","PeriodicalId":18357,"journal":{"name":"Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13187112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147964114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) morphology in jaw deformity patients (class II and III) before and after surgical orthodontic treatment: a narrative review.","authors":"Koichiro Ueki, Karen Gomi, Kohara Riku, Yusuke Kurosawa, Kunio Yoshizawa, Akinori Moroi","doi":"10.1186/s40902-026-00512-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40902-026-00512-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding changes in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and ramus morphology in skeletal Class II and Class III jaw deformity patients before and after surgical orthodontic treatment is essential for achieving stable postoperative outcomes. Alterations in the positional relationship and morphology of the condyle, TMJ disc, and glenoid fossa can significantly influence postoperative occlusion and skeletal stability. Previous studies have demonstrated close associations among maxillofacial morphology, occlusion, and TMJ structure.In this narrative review, we summarize findings from our previous investigations regarding changes in TMJ morphology-including disc position, joint space, macroscopic morphology of the condyle and ramus, and computed tomography (CT) values-as well as considerations based on stress analysis in skeletal Class II and Class III deformities. These insights may contribute to a better understanding of anatomical characteristics of the TMJ in jaw deformity patients and may aid in predicting postoperative morphological changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18357,"journal":{"name":"Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13158313/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Template-guided digitally planned patient-specific implant augmentation eminoplasty for chronic recurrent temporomandibular joint dislocation: a prospective study.","authors":"Mostafa Gafar Ibrahim, Gamal Ali Swaify, Ibrahim Zaitoun, Ahmed Mohamed Medra, Ahmed Yehia Kosba, Mohamed Abdeldayem","doi":"10.1186/s40902-026-00508-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40902-026-00508-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Surgical options for chronic recurrent temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation remain heterogeneous. Digitally planned patient-specific onlay augmentation may provide a reproducible mechanical stop while minimizing intraoperative guesswork.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eleven patients (> 16 years) with chronic recurrent TMJ dislocation/hypermobility (maximal incisal opening > 40 mm) underwent augmentation eminoplasty using a digitally planned patient-specific implant and CAD/CAM workflow. Clinical outcomes included pain (VAS 0-10) and maximal incisal opening (MIO) assessed preoperatively, at 2 weeks, and at 6 months; radiologic assessment included panoramic TMJ views and MSCT at 6 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cohort was predominantly female (72.7%) with mean age 20.55 ± 4.08 years. Mean VAS pain decreased from 8.80±0.53 preoperatively to 8.07±0.73 at 2 weeks and 6.29±1.29 at 6 months (all pairwise comparisons p<0.001). Mouth opening decreased significantly after surgery and remained reduced at follow-up; there was no significant difference between 2-week and 6-month mouth opening (p=0.082). Two patients (18.2%) developed right-sided postoperative infection requiring implant removal. Clinical signs suggestive of infection were first recognized at approximately 3 weeks postoperatively and ultimately led to implant removal at around 2 months after failure of initial conservative treatment. No clinical recurrence of dislocation/open-lock was documented during the available 6-month follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Digitally planned patient-specific onlay eminoplasty demonstrated short-term feasibility, reduction in pain, and controlled postoperative mouth opening; however, the observed infection rate and limited functional follow-up warrant cautious interpretation.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":18357,"journal":{"name":"Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13157379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ophthalmic complications following maxillofacial and midface fractures: a systematic review\".","authors":"Rawan Affat Alanazi, Abdulaziz Almutairi, Sarah Almuwarraee, Sarah Amuatrafi, Shaden Bahatheq, Ahmed Saad Al Zomia, Raghad Alotaibi, Rudaynah Haddad, Mashael Bajunaid, Rund Almohaish, Jana Batarji, Zainab Alasfour, Shaikha Aleid","doi":"10.1186/s40902-025-00498-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40902-025-00498-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maxillofacial fractures can lead to significant ophthalmic complications, affecting patient outcomes. This systematic review synthesizes current evidence regarding the incidence, causes, and types of ocular injuries associated with facial fractures, while evaluating inter-study variability and risk of bias. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search of PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases was performed. Twenty-one studies, including 7,998 participants, met the inclusion criteria. Among them, 3,693 patients presented with ophthalmic complications after facial fractures. Orbital fractures were the most prevalent, with injuries primarily resulting from road traffic accidents and assaults. Subconjunctival hemorrhage was the most common ocular injury. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed descriptively due to the diversity of study designs and outcomes, while risk of bias was evaluated using adapted criteria for observational studies. The findings underscore the necessity for standardized diagnostic and reporting criteria to enable future quantitative synthesis and guide clinical protocols for early detection and management of ocular complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18357,"journal":{"name":"Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13106098/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstruction of microtia with crus helicis transversal deformity using flap technique combined with ear cartilage transplantation: a retrospective study.","authors":"Yiwen Deng, Hongli Zhao, Jianguo Chen, Zexin Zhang, Peixu Wang, Senmao Wang, Wenkang Luan, Xiaobo Yu, Lin Lin, Bo Pan, Haiyue Jiang","doi":"10.1186/s40902-026-00510-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40902-026-00510-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: The combination of crus helicis transverse deformity and microtia presents one of the most complex ear deformities. Historically, the surgical correction of this deformity has predominantly utilized rib cartilage for ear reconstruction. This study presents a method for correcting microtia with crus helicis transversal deformity, utilizing the flap technique in conjunction with cartilage transplantation. METHODS: From February 2017 to October 2023, a total of 42 patients with crus helicis transversal deformity and microtia were included in this retrospective study. The corrective surgery combines flap technique with cartilage transplantation. We collected the morphological data of ear, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) satisfaction scores, and Aesthetic Outcomes Scale (AOS) aesthetic ratings of patients both prior to and 12 months following surgery. RESULTS: The average duration of follow-up was 13.71 ± 2.97 months. Following the operation, there has been a significant improvement in the length, width, and circumference of the ear, as well as in the differences in these measurements between the two ears compared to prior to the procedure. The average AOS score prior to surgery was 17.90 ± 1.41, while the average AOS score following surgery increased to 29.57 ± 1.51. The preoperative VAS satisfaction score was recorded at 1.95 ± 1.12, while the postoperative VAS score showed a significant increase to 8.23 ± 0.87. CONCLUSION: The flap technique, combined with cartilage grafting, effectively corrects the crus helicis transversal deformity with microtia. The approach maximizes the use of deformity ear tissue while minimizing damage. Additionally, it creates a natural and aesthetically pleasing ear shape, resulting in high patient satisfaction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE STATEMENT: IV. </p>","PeriodicalId":18357,"journal":{"name":"Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13129075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147662968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower lip inclination and chin prominence: interactive effects on facial aesthetics and implications for orthognathic treatment planning.","authors":"Zhipeng Gui, Yueyang Hong, Lei Hou, Jiali Sun, Jialiang Huang, Mengmeng Lu","doi":"10.1186/s40902-026-00501-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40902-026-00501-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>OBJECTIVE: To assess how lower lip inclination and chin prominence interact to influence facial profile aesthetics and to establish evidence-based angular criteria for orthognathic treatment planning. METHODS: This study introduced a combined model using lower lip inclination angle (Li-Sbl) and lower lip-chin prominence angle (Lia-Pog′) to assess their interactive effects. Thirty standardized profile images combining three Li-Sbl angles (30°, 45°, 70°) with five Lia-Pog′ angles (0°–40°) were evaluated by 270 assessors (maxillofacial surgeons, orthodontists, skeletal Class II patients, laypeople) for aesthetic perceptions and surgical recommendations. RESULTS: Gender-specific optimal configurations were identified: females achieved highest scores (7.81–8.19) at Li-Sbl 45°/Lia-Pog′ 20°; males at Li-Sbl 45°/Lia-Pog′ 10°–20° or Li-Sbl 70°/Lia-Pog′ 0° (6.31–7.60). Significant Li-Sbl × Lia-Pog′ interactions demonstrated compensation mechanisms. Critically, Li-Sbl ≤ 30° yielded consistently low ratings (< 5.0) regardless of chin positioning. Evaluator background significantly influenced perceptions and recommendations (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The Li-Sbl × Lia-Pog′ model provides the first quantitative framework for orthognathic treatment planning. It addresses two clinical decision points: identifying borderline cases requiring multidisciplinary consultation, and determining surgical approach where the Li-Sbl ≤ 30° threshold indicates isolated genioplasty is insufficient. We recommend gender-specific targets: Li-Sbl 45°/Lia-Pog′ 20° for females; Li-Sbl 45°/Lia-Pog′ 10°–20° or Li-Sbl 70°/Lia-Pog′ 0° for males. This framework enables evidence-based orthognathic surgical decision-making, reducing reliance on subjective assessment and improving treatment predictability. </p>","PeriodicalId":18357,"journal":{"name":"Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13129129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147623290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delayed-onset chronic mandibular osteomyelitis following Lemierre's syndrome: a case report.","authors":"Min-Seo Kim, Young-Hee Kim, Sang-Yoon Park, Hyung-Chan Lee, Tae-Yoon Park, Byoung-Eun Yang, Soo-Hwan Byun","doi":"10.1186/s40902-026-00504-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40902-026-00504-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Lemierre’s syndrome (LS) is a rare condition in the dental field but represents a potentially fatal complication of odontogenic infection. Although osteomyelitis has been reported in association with LS, delayed-onset chronic mandibular osteomyelitis occurring after completion of LS treatment is exceedingly rare. CASE PRESENTATION: A 16-year-old previously healthy male developed LS following odontogenic infection, complicated by septic thrombophlebitis of the external jugular and facial veins and septic pulmonary emboli. After surgical drainage and antibiotic therapy, clinical recovery was achieved. However, during post-treatment follow-up, radiographic evaluation revealed chronic osteomyelitis involving the entire mandible including both condyles. Extended antimicrobial therapy and close radiologic surveillance resulted in stabilization of the osteolytic changes and functional recovery. CONCLUSION: This case highlights a rare presentation of delayed-onset mandibular osteomyelitis as a sequela of Lemierre’s syndrome. Long-term follow-up after apparent resolution of LS is essential, particularly in odontogenic cases, and dental practitioners should be aware of this uncommon but clinically significant complication. </p>","PeriodicalId":18357,"journal":{"name":"Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13106101/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147593128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}