Medical image analysis最新文献

{"title":"DSAM: A deep learning framework for analyzing temporal and spatial dynamics in brain networks","authors":"Bishal Thapaliya ,&nbsp;Robyn Miller ,&nbsp;Jiayu Chen ,&nbsp;Yu Ping Wang ,&nbsp;Esra Akbas ,&nbsp;Ram Sapkota ,&nbsp;Bhaskar Ray ,&nbsp;Pranav Suresh ,&nbsp;Santosh Ghimire ,&nbsp;Vince D. Calhoun ,&nbsp;Jingyu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.media.2025.103462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.media.2025.103462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is a noninvasive technique pivotal for understanding human neural mechanisms of intricate cognitive processes. Most rs-fMRI studies compute a single static functional connectivity matrix across brain regions of interest, or dynamic functional connectivity matrices with a sliding window approach. These approaches are at risk of oversimplifying brain dynamics and lack proper consideration of the goal at hand. While deep learning has gained substantial popularity for modeling complex relational data, its application to uncovering the spatiotemporal dynamics of the brain is still limited. In this study we propose a novel interpretable deep learning framework that learns goal-specific functional connectivity matrix directly from time series and employs a specialized graph neural network for the final classification. Our model, <em>DSAM</em>, leverages temporal causal convolutional networks to capture the temporal dynamics in both low- and high-level feature representations, a temporal attention unit to identify important time points, a self-attention unit to construct the goal-specific connectivity matrix, and a novel variant of graph neural network to capture the spatial dynamics for downstream classification. To validate our approach, we conducted experiments on the Human Connectome Project dataset with 1075 samples to build and interpret the model for the classification of sex group, and the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Dataset with 8520 samples for independent testing. Compared our proposed framework with other state-of-art models, results suggested this novel approach goes beyond the assumption of a fixed connectivity matrix, and provides evidence of goal-specific brain connectivity patterns, which opens up potential to gain deeper insights into how the human brain adapts its functional connectivity specific to the task at hand. Our implementation can be found on <span><span>https://github.com/bishalth01/DSAM</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18328,"journal":{"name":"Medical image analysis","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103462"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143075001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic graph based weakly supervised deep hashing for whole slide image classification and retrieval","authors":"Haochen Jin ,&nbsp;Junyi Shen ,&nbsp;Lei Cui ,&nbsp;Xiaoshuang Shi ,&nbsp;Kang Li ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.media.2025.103468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.media.2025.103468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, a multi-scale representation attention based deep multiple instance learning method has proposed to directly extract patch-level image features from gigapixel whole slide images (WSIs), and achieved promising performance on multiple popular WSI datasets. However, it still has two major limitations: (i) without considering the relations among patches, thereby possibly restricting the model performance; (ii) unable to handle retrieval tasks, which is very important in clinic diagnosis. To overcome these limitations, in this paper, we propose a novel end-to-end MIL-based deep hashing framework, which is composed of a multi-scale representation attention based deep network as the backbone, patch-based dynamic graphs and hashing encoding layers, to simultaneously handle classification and retrieval tasks. Specifically, the multi-scale representation attention based deep network is to directly extract patch-level features from WSIs with mining the significant information at cell-, patch- and bag-level features. Additionally, we design a novel patch-based dynamic graph construction method to learn the relations among patches within each bag. Moreover, the hashing encoding layers are to encode patch- and WSI-level features into binary codes for patch- and WSI-level image retrieval. Extensive experiments on multiple popular datasets demonstrate that the proposed framework outperforms recent state-of-the-art ones on both classification and retrieval tasks. <em>All source codes are available at</em> <span><span><em>https://github.com/hcjin0816/DG_WSDH</em></span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18328,"journal":{"name":"Medical image analysis","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103468"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143066459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application-driven validation of posteriors in inverse problems","authors":"Tim J. Adler ,&nbsp;Jan-Hinrich Nölke ,&nbsp;Annika Reinke ,&nbsp;Minu Dietlinde Tizabi ,&nbsp;Sebastian Gruber ,&nbsp;Dasha Trofimova ,&nbsp;Lynton Ardizzone ,&nbsp;Paul F. Jaeger ,&nbsp;Florian Buettner ,&nbsp;Ullrich Köthe ,&nbsp;Lena Maier-Hein","doi":"10.1016/j.media.2025.103474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.media.2025.103474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current deep learning-based solutions for image analysis tasks are commonly incapable of handling problems to which multiple different plausible solutions exist. In response, posterior-based methods such as conditional Diffusion Models and Invertible Neural Networks have emerged; however, their translation is hampered by a lack of research on adequate validation. In other words, the way progress is measured often does not reflect the needs of the driving practical application. Closing this gap in the literature, we present the first systematic framework for the application-driven validation of posterior-based methods in inverse problems. As a methodological novelty, it adopts key principles from the field of object detection validation, which has a long history of addressing the question of how to locate and match multiple object instances in an image. Treating modes as instances enables us to perform mode-centric validation, using well-interpretable metrics from the application perspective. We demonstrate the value of our framework through instantiations for a synthetic toy example and two medical vision use cases: pose estimation in surgery and imaging-based quantification of functional tissue parameters for diagnostics. Our framework offers key advantages over common approaches to posterior validation in all three examples and could thus revolutionize performance assessment in inverse problems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18328,"journal":{"name":"Medical image analysis","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103474"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple token rearrangement Transformer network with explicit superpixel constraint for segmentation of echocardiography","authors":"Wanli Ding ,&nbsp;Heye Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiujian Liu ,&nbsp;Zhenxuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuxin Zhuang ,&nbsp;Zhifan Gao ,&nbsp;Lin Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.media.2025.103470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.media.2025.103470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diagnostic cardiologists have considerable clinical demand for precise segmentation of echocardiography to diagnose cardiovascular disease. The paradox is that manual segmentation of echocardiography is a time-consuming and operator-dependent task. Computer-aided segmentation can reduce the workflow greatly. However, it is challenging to segment multi-type echocardiography, which is reflected in differential anatomic structures, artifacts, and blurred borderline. This study proposes the multiple token rearrangement Transformer network (MTRT-Net) embedded in three novel modules to address the corresponding three challenges. First, the depthwise deformable attention module can extract flexible features to adapt to anatomic structures of echocardiography with different ages and diseases. Second, the superpixel supervised module can cluster similar features and keep discriminative features away to make the segmentation regions tend to be an entire body. The artifacts have the influence in separating the complete internal region. Third, the atrous affinity aggregation module can integrate affinity features near the borderline to judge the blurred regions. Overall, the three modules rearrange the relationships of tokens and broaden the diversity of features. Besides, the explicit constraint brought by the superpixel supervised module enhances the performance of fitting ability. This study has 13747 echocardiography to train and test the MTRT-Net. Abundant experiments also validate the performance of MTRT-Net. Therefore, MTRT-Net can assist the diagnostician in segmenting the echocardiography precisely.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18328,"journal":{"name":"Medical image analysis","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103470"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SAF-IS: A spatial annotation free framework for instance segmentation of surgical tools","authors":"Luca Sestini ,&nbsp;Benoit Rosa ,&nbsp;Elena De Momi ,&nbsp;Giancarlo Ferrigno ,&nbsp;Nicolas Padoy","doi":"10.1016/j.media.2025.103471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.media.2025.103471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Instance segmentation of surgical instruments is a long-standing research problem, crucial for the development of many applications for computer-assisted surgery. This problem is commonly tackled via fully-supervised training of deep learning models, requiring expensive pixel-level annotations to train.</div><div>In this work, we develop a framework for instance segmentation not relying on spatial annotations for training. Instead, our solution only requires binary tool masks, obtainable using recent unsupervised approaches, and tool presence labels, freely obtainable in robot-assisted surgery. Based on the binary mask information, our solution learns to extract individual tool instances from single frames, and to encode each instance into a compact vector representation, capturing its semantic features. Such representations guide the automatic selection of a tiny number of instances (8 only in our experiments), displayed to a human operator for tool-type labelling. The gathered information is finally used to match each training instance with a tool presence label, providing an effective supervision signal to train a tool instance classifier.</div><div>We validate our framework on the EndoVis 2017 and 2018 segmentation datasets. We provide results using binary masks obtained either by manual annotation or as predictions of an unsupervised binary segmentation model. The latter solution yields an instance segmentation approach completely free from spatial annotations, outperforming several state-of-the-art fully-supervised segmentation approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18328,"journal":{"name":"Medical image analysis","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103471"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MRI-based modelling of left atrial flow and coagulation to predict risk of thrombogenesis in atrial fibrillation","authors":"Ahmed Qureshi ,&nbsp;Paolo Melidoro ,&nbsp;Maximilian Balmus ,&nbsp;Gregory Y.H. Lip ,&nbsp;David A. Nordsletten ,&nbsp;Steven E. Williams ,&nbsp;Oleg Aslanidi ,&nbsp;Adelaide de Vecchi","doi":"10.1016/j.media.2025.103475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.media.2025.103475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atrial fibrillation (AF), impacting nearly 50 million individuals globally, is a major contributor to ischaemic strokes, predominantly originating from the left atrial appendage (LAA). Current clinical scores like CHA₂DS₂-VASc, while useful, provide limited insight into the pro-thrombotic mechanisms of Virchow's triad—blood stasis, endothelial damage, and hypercoagulability. This study leverages biophysical computational modelling to deepen our understanding of thrombogenesis in AF patients. Utilising high temporal resolution Cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a 3D patient-specific modelling pipeline for simulating patient-specific flow in the left atrium was developed. This computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach was coupled with reaction-diffusion-convection equations for key clotting proteins, leading to an innovative risk stratification score that combines clinical and modelling data. This approach categorises thrombogenic risk into low (A), moderate (B), and high (C) levels. Applied to a cohort of nine patients, pre- and post-catheter ablation therapy, this approach generates novel risk scores of thrombus formation, which are based of mechanistic characterisation of all aspects of the Virchow's triad. Currently, thrombogenesis mechanisms are not factored in widespread clinical risks scores based on demographic characteristics and co-morbidities. Notably, some patients with a CHA₂DS₂-VASc score of 0 (lowest clinical risk) exhibited much higher risks once the individual pathophysiology was accounted for. This discrepancy highlights the limitations of the CHA₂DS₂-VASc score in providing detailed mechanistic insights into patient-specific thrombogenic risk. This work introduces a comprehensive method for assessing thrombus formation risks in AF patients, emphasising the value of integrating biophysical modelling with clinical scores to enhance personalised stroke prevention strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18328,"journal":{"name":"Medical image analysis","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103475"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging labelled data knowledge: A cooperative rectification learning network for semi-supervised 3D medical image segmentation","authors":"Yanyan Wang ,&nbsp;Kechen Song ,&nbsp;Yuyuan Liu ,&nbsp;Shuai Ma ,&nbsp;Yunhui Yan ,&nbsp;Gustavo Carneiro","doi":"10.1016/j.media.2025.103461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.media.2025.103461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Semi-supervised 3D medical image segmentation aims to achieve accurate segmentation using few labelled data and numerous unlabelled data. The main challenge in the design of semi-supervised learning methods consists in the effective use of the unlabelled data for training. A promising solution consists of ensuring consistent predictions across different views of the data, where the efficacy of this strategy depends on the accuracy of the pseudo-labels generated by the model for this consistency learning strategy. In this paper, we introduce a new methodology to produce high-quality pseudo-labels for a consistency learning strategy to address semi-supervised 3D medical image segmentation. The methodology has three important contributions. The first contribution is the Cooperative Rectification Learning Network (CRLN) that learns multiple prototypes per class to be used as external knowledge priors to adaptively rectify pseudo-labels at the voxel level. The second contribution consists of the Dynamic Interaction Module (DIM) to facilitate pairwise and cross-class interactions between prototypes and multi-resolution image features, enabling the production of accurate voxel-level clues for pseudo-label rectification. The third contribution is the Cooperative Positive Supervision (CPS), which optimises uncertain representations to align with unassertive representations of their class distributions, improving the model’s accuracy in classifying uncertain regions. Extensive experiments on three public 3D medical segmentation datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our semi-supervised learning method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18328,"journal":{"name":"Medical image analysis","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103461"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards contrast-agnostic soft segmentation of the spinal cord","authors":"Sandrine Bédard ,&nbsp;Enamundram Naga Karthik ,&nbsp;Charidimos Tsagkas ,&nbsp;Emanuele Pravatà ,&nbsp;Cristina Granziera ,&nbsp;Andrew Smith ,&nbsp;Kenneth Arnold Weber II ,&nbsp;Julien Cohen-Adad","doi":"10.1016/j.media.2025.103473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.media.2025.103473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spinal cord segmentation is clinically relevant and is notably used to compute spinal cord cross-sectional area (CSA) for the diagnosis and monitoring of cord compression or neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis. While several semi and automatic methods exist, one key limitation remains: the segmentation depends on the MRI contrast, resulting in different CSA across contrasts. This is partly due to the varying appearance of the boundary between the spinal cord and the cerebrospinal fluid that depends on the sequence and acquisition parameters. This contrast-sensitive CSA adds variability in multi-center studies where protocols can vary, reducing the sensitivity to detect subtle atrophies. Moreover, existing methods enhance the CSA variability by training one model per contrast, while also producing binary masks that do not account for partial volume effects. In this work, we present a deep learning-based method that produces soft segmentations of the spinal cord that are stable across MRI contrasts. Using the Spine Generic Public Database of healthy participants (<span><math><mrow><mtext>n</mtext><mo>=</mo><mn>267</mn></mrow></math></span>; <span><math><mrow><mtext>contrasts</mtext><mo>=</mo><mn>6</mn></mrow></math></span>), we first generated participant-wise soft ground truth (GT) by averaging the binary segmentations across all 6 contrasts. These soft GT, along with aggressive data augmentation and a regression-based loss function, were then used to train a U-Net model for spinal cord segmentation. We evaluated our model against state-of-the-art methods and performed ablation studies involving different GT mask types, loss functions, contrast-specific models and domain generalization methods. Our results show that using the soft average segmentations along with a regression loss function reduces CSA variability (<span><math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>05</mn></mrow></math></span>, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). The proposed spinal cord segmentation model generalizes better than the state-of-the-art contrast-specific methods amongst unseen datasets, vendors, contrasts, and pathologies (compression, lesions), while accounting for partial volume effects. Our model is integrated into the Spinal Cord Toolbox (v6.2 and higher).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18328,"journal":{"name":"Medical image analysis","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103473"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probabilistic learning of the Purkinje network from the electrocardiogram","authors":"Felipe Álvarez-Barrientos ,&nbsp;Mariana Salinas-Camus ,&nbsp;Simone Pezzuto ,&nbsp;Francisco Sahli Costabal","doi":"10.1016/j.media.2025.103460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.media.2025.103460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The identification of the Purkinje conduction system in the heart is a challenging task, yet essential for a correct definition of cardiac digital twins for precision cardiology. Here, we propose a probabilistic approach for identifying the Purkinje network from non-invasive clinical data such as the standard electrocardiogram (ECG). We use cardiac imaging to build an anatomically accurate model of the ventricles; we algorithmically generate a rule-based Purkinje network tailored to the anatomy; we simulate physiological electrocardiograms with a fast model; we identify the geometrical and electrical parameters of the Purkinje-ECG model with Bayesian optimization and approximate Bayesian computation. The proposed approach is inherently probabilistic and generates a population of plausible Purkinje networks, all fitting the ECG within a given tolerance. In this way, we can estimate the uncertainty of the parameters, thus providing reliable predictions. We test our methodology in physiological and pathological scenarios, showing that we are able to accurately recover the ECG with our model. We propagate the uncertainty in the Purkinje network parameters in a simulation of conduction system pacing therapy. Our methodology is a step forward in creation of digital twins from non-invasive data in precision medicine. An open source implementation can be found at <span><span>http://github.com/fsahli/purkinje-learning</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18328,"journal":{"name":"Medical image analysis","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103460"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143066469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalized topology-informed localization of standard 12-lead ECG electrode placement from incomplete cardiac MRIs for efficient cardiac digital twins","authors":"Lei Li ,&nbsp;Hannah Smith ,&nbsp;Yilin Lyu ,&nbsp;Julia Camps ,&nbsp;Shuang Qian ,&nbsp;Blanca Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Abhirup Banerjee ,&nbsp;Vicente Grau","doi":"10.1016/j.media.2025.103472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.media.2025.103472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cardiac digital twins (CDTs) offer personalized <em>in-silico</em> cardiac representations for the inference of multi-scale properties tied to cardiac mechanisms. The creation of CDTs requires precise information about the electrode position on the torso, especially for the personalized electrocardiogram (ECG) calibration. However, current studies commonly rely on additional acquisition of torso imaging and manual/semi-automatic methods for ECG electrode localization. In this study, we propose a novel and efficient topology-informed model to fully automatically extract personalized ECG standard electrode locations from 2D clinically standard cardiac MRIs. Specifically, we obtain the sparse torso contours from the cardiac MRIs and then localize the standard electrodes of 12-lead ECG from the contours. Cardiac MRIs aim at imaging of the heart instead of the torso, leading to incomplete torso geometry within the imaging. To tackle the missing topology, we incorporate the electrodes as a subset of the keypoints, which can be explicitly aligned with the 3D torso topology. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms the time-consuming conventional model projection-based method in terms of accuracy (Euclidean distance: <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>24</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>293</mn></mrow></math></span> cm vs. <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>48</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>362</mn></mrow></math></span> cm) and efficiency (2 s vs. 30-35 min). We further demonstrate the effectiveness of using the detected electrodes for <em>in-silico</em> ECG simulation, highlighting their potential for creating accurate and efficient CDT models. The code is available at <span><span>https://github.com/lileitech/12lead_ECG_electrode_localizer</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18328,"journal":{"name":"Medical image analysis","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103472"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}