Malaria Journal最新文献

{"title":"Effect of the second and third COVID-19 pandemic waves on routine outpatient malaria indicators and case management practices in Uganda: an interrupted time series analysis.","authors":"Pius Mukisa, Freddy Eric Kitutu, Arthur Mpimbaza, Jaffer Okiring, Joan N Kalyango, Joaniter I Nankabirwa","doi":"10.1186/s12936-024-05153-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12936-024-05153-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reports on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of malaria care and burden in sub Saharan Africa have provided a mixed picture to date. The impact of the 2nd (Delta) and 3rd (Omicron) COVID-19 waves on outpatient malaria indicators and case management practices was assessed at three public health facilities with varying malaria transmission intensities in Uganda.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individual level data from all patients presenting to the out-patient departments (OPD) of the three facilities (Kasambya, Walukuba and Lumino) between January 2019 and February 2022 were included in the analysis. Outcomes of interest included total number of outpatient (OPD) visits, proportion of patients suspected to have malaria, proportion of suspected malaria cases tested with a malaria diagnostic test, test positivity rates (TPR) and proportion of malaria cases prescribed artemether-lumefantrine (AL). Using the pre-COVID-19 trends between January 2019 and February 2020, interrupted time series analysis was used to predict the expected trends for these study outcomes during the 2nd wave (May 2021-August 2021) and 3rd wave (November 2021-February 2022). The observed trends of the study outcomes were compared with the expected trends.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant differences between the observed versus expected overall outpatient visits in the 2nd wave, however, a significant decline in OPD attendance was observed during the 3rd wave (15,101 vs 31,154; incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.48 [0.41-0.56]). No significant differences in the overall observed versus expected proportions of suspected malaria cases and test positivity rates in both COVID waves. However, a significant decrease in the overall proportion of suspected malaria cases tested with a malaria diagnostic test was observed during the 3rd wave (99.86% vs 99.99%; relative percent ratio [RPR] = 0.99 [0.99-0.99]). Finally, a significant decline in the overall proportion of malaria cases prescribed AL was observed during the 2nd wave (94.99% vs 99.85%; RPR = 0.95 [0.92-0.98]) but not the 3rd wave.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Significant declines in OPD attendance and suspected malaria cases tested with malaria diagnostic test were observed during the 3rd COVID-19 wave, while AL prescription significantly reduced during the 2nd COVID-19 wave. These findings add to the body of knowledge highlighting the adverse impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the malaria which could explain the increase in the malaria burden observed during this period.</p>","PeriodicalId":18317,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11520443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142546319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delivering insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) through a digitized single-phase door-to-door strategy: lessons from Ondo state, Nigeria.","authors":"Laitan Adeniyi, Elisabeth G Chestnutt, Kunle Rotimi, Azuka Iwegbu, Olusola Oresanya, Julianna Smith, Kolawole Maxwell, Tarekegn A Abeku","doi":"10.1186/s12936-024-05145-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12936-024-05145-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) is a strategy recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for malaria prevention. In Nigeria, ITNs have been periodically distributed since 2007 through campaigns. Campaign activities and assets are typically tracked using either a paper-based or digital system. In 2017, a digital approach was introduced in Ondo state for tracking attendance at training sessions as part of the ITN campaign. Following the success of the 2017 introduction, subsequent campaigns planned to digitise other aspects of the campaign to improve accountability and efficiency of the ITN distribution. The COVID-19 pandemic posed additional challenges for the ITN distribution planned for 2021 and adaptations were made to the programme strategy to ensure the campaign could go ahead safely. This article presents lessons and experiences from the 2021 ITN distribution campaign in Ondo state, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The campaign used RedRose, a customised mobile application, to monitor the planning and delivery of the campaign, collect household information including training personnel and tracking the transfer of ITNs between distribution hubs and households. ITNs were delivered through a single-phase door-to-door distribution strategy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The campaign distributed 2,965,125 ITNs covering 1,057,577 households across Ondo state. The digital application was beneficial for monitoring the quality of implementation and tracking assets and staff to ensure safety.. The single-phase door-to-door approach was more convenient for households compared to fixed-point distribution but increased the workload for mobilization and distribution teams.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Single phase door-to-door strategy using digital tools was an effective method to increase coverage of ITNs while closely tracking the progress of distribution campaigns. High-quality population data are needed to further improve the planning and implementation of ITN campaigns and other health interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18317,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"322"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11520882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142522289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A constant contact community-based epidemiological investigation (C3EI) as part of malaria elimination demonstration project, Mandla district, Madhya Pradesh, India.","authors":"Mrigendra P Singh, Harsh Rajvanshi, Praveen K Bharti, Ram S Sahu, Himanshu Jayswar, Sekh Nisar, Anup R Anvikar, Altaf A Lal","doi":"10.1186/s12936-024-05143-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12936-024-05143-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In India, an increase in malaria cases by 21% (223,961 cases) has been reported between 2022 and 2023. Madhya Pradesh ranks 10th in malaria burden, with Mandla district selected for the Malaria Elimination Demonstration Project (MEDP) to demonstrate the feasibility of malaria elimination in a hard-to-reach, tribal-dominated, and hilly forested district. A Constant Contact Community-based Epidemiological Investigation (C3EI) was undertaken by continuous engagement with the community for real-time data collection, mapping of malaria cases, identification of risk factors, and monitoring of intervention outcomes designed to drive effective strategies for malaria elimination.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study mapped 1,143,126 individuals from 248,825 households in the year 2017 in Mandla district for constant contact surveillance. Fortnightly household visits were conducted to inquire about febrile episodes, with on-spot diagnosis and treatment. Data collection was done using the SOCH mobile application, and analysis using R.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The constant contact household surveillance revealed that out of 956,795 individuals, 230,780 (24.12%) unique individuals reported one or more febrile episodes, with a total of 322,577 febrile episodes and 490 malaria episodes (RDT positive). Males had a higher risk of malaria infection than females (OR = 2.62; p < 0.0001). The cumulative incidence of malaria was highest among children aged 5-15 years and pregnant women. Multiple episodes of malaria infections were more common in adults over 30 years. The incidence of malaria per 100,000 persons gradually declined from 26.13 in 2018 to 11.18 in 2020, with the highest incidence during the monsoon season.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The C3EI presents a new strategy suitable for disease elimination programmes. Implementing C3EI-type longitudinal studies in elimination projects holds promise for generating data to expedite malaria elimination efforts because the unit of observation is a 'household'. Such a comprehensive approach allows identification in the gaps in case management for prompt interventions at the household-level.</p>","PeriodicalId":18317,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"321"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142503529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The predictive capacity of biomarkers for clinical pulmonary oedema in patients with severe falciparum malaria is low: a prospective observational study.","authors":"Haruhiko Ishioka, Aniruddha Ghose, Hugh W Kingston, Katherine Plewes, Stije J Leopold, Ketsanee Srinamon, Prakaykaew Charunwatthana, Maswood Ahmed, A K M Shamsul Alam, Anita Tuip-de Boer, Md Amir Hossain, Arjen M Dondorp, Marcus J Schultz","doi":"10.1186/s12936-024-05142-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12936-024-05142-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pulmonary oedema is a feared and difficult to predict complication of severe malaria that can emerge after start of antimalarial treatment. Proinflammatory mediators are thought to play a central role in its pathogenesis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An exploratory study was conducted to evaluate the predictive capacity of biomarkers for development of clinical pulmonary oedema in patients with severe falciparum malaria at two hospitals in Bangladesh. Plasma concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumour necrosis factor (TNF), soluble Receptor of Advanced Glycation End-products (sRAGE), surfactant protein-D (SP-D), club cell secretory protein (CC16), and Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) on admission were compared with healthy controls. Correlations between these biomarker and plasma lactate and Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) levels were evaluated. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to assess the predictive capacity for clinical pulmonary oedema of the biomarkers of interest.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 106 screened patients with falciparum malaria, 56 were classified as having severe malaria with a mortality rate of 29%. Nine (16%) patients developed clinical pulmonary oedema after admission. Plasma levels of the biomarkers of interest were higher in patients compared to healthy controls. IL-6, IL-8, TNF, sRAGE, and CC16 levels correlated well with plasma PfHRP2 levels (r_s = 0.39; P = 0.004, r_s = 0.43; P = 0.001, r_s = 0.54; P < 0.001, r_s = 0.44; P < 0.001, r_s = 0.43; P = 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, IL-6 and IL-8 levels correlated well with plasma lactate levels (r_s = 0.37; P = 0.005, r_s = 0.47; P < 0.001, respectively). None of the biomarkers of interest had predictive capacity for development of clinical pulmonary oedema.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IL-6, IL-8, TNF, sRAGE, SP-D, CC16 and KL-6 cannot be used in predicting clinical pulmonary oedema in severe malaria patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":18317,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"320"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142503531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy of attractive targeted sugar baits in reducing malaria vector abundance in low-endemicity settings of northwest Mali.","authors":"Mohamed M Traore, Amy Junnila, Sekou F Traore, Seydou Doumbia, Edita E Revay, Yosef Schlein, Roman V Yakovlev, Aidas Saldaitis, Liwang Cui, Gergely Petrányi, Rui-De Xue, Alexey M Prozorov, Tatiana A Prozorova, Aboubakr S Kone, Nafomon Sogoba, Mahamadou Diakite, John Vontas, John C Beier, Günter C Müller","doi":"10.1186/s12936-024-05098-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12936-024-05098-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Attractive targeted sugar baits (ATSBs) have the potential to significantly reduce infective female Anopheles mosquitoes in arid areas, such as in Northern Mali. Malaria is epidemic in the north due to the limited viability of Anopheles species in the desert climate. The goal of this study was to determine of the effect of ATSB on the number of older female An. gambiae and on the number of sporozoite-positive females in villages in northern Mali.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Villages were located in the north of Mali. In this study, 5677 ATSB stations were deployed, two on each home, in ten villages during late July and early August 2019. Ten villages served as controls. After a pre-treatment monitoring period in July, An. gambiae populations were monitored again from August to December using CDC-UV light traps, pyrethrum spray catches (PSC), and human landing catches (HLC). Mosquitoes were dissected to estimate their age, while ELISA detected sporozoite positivity. The monthly entomological inoculation rates (EIRs) were calculated for HLC indoors and outdoors. Data from villages were compared using t-tests, while bait station weighted density versus amount of collected females was checked with a Pearson's correlation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2703 female An. gambiae were caught from treated villages, 4582 from control villages, a 41.0% difference. Dissection of 1759 females showed that ATSB significantly reduced the number of older females. The proportion of older females in treated villages was 0.93% compared to 9.4% in control villages. ELISA analysis of 7285 females showed that bait stations reduced the number of sporozoite-positive females. The infective females in treated villages was 0.30% compared to 2.73% in the controls. The greater the density of bait stations deployed, the fewer the older, infective females (P < 0.05). EIRs were low in control villages except in months when An. gambiae populations were high. EIRs in ATSB placement villages remained zero. Significant reductions (P < 0.0001) in An. gambiae males were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bait stations reduced all measures of vector populations in this study. In a low-transmission setting, ATSB has the potential to greatly reduce malaria.</p>","PeriodicalId":18317,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"319"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142503530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Usability of a digital tool to support long-lasting insecticide net distribution in Northern Bahr el Ghazal State, South Sudan.","authors":"Jamshed Khan, Denis Mubiru, Elisabeth G Chestnutt, Louise Cook, Lual Lual Riiny, Francis Okot, Kediende Chong, Matur T Tieng, Tombari Zabbeh, Joshua Okafor, Chuks A Nnaji","doi":"10.1186/s12936-024-05092-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12936-024-05092-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) have been a widely used malaria prevention method for decades. In South Sudan, LLINs are typically distributed by volunteers who use paper-based systems to collect distribution data. Paper-based systems are simple to use but have a higher occurrence of data inaccuracies and can hinder the timely use of data for decision-making. In 2022, a digital tool was introduced to collect data during the LLIN campaign in Northern Bahr el Ghazal (NBeG). The tool aimed to improve the accuracy of data entry and enable data to be used in real-time for decision making during the campaign. The digital tool was developed with offline functionality and interoperability with DHIS2 tracker version 2.8 in DHIS2 version 2.38. This study assessed the usability of the tool according to user perspectives.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A questionnaire containing open- and closed-ended questions was conducted with users of the digital tool, supervisors and other key stakeholders in five counties of NBeG. The questionnaire was administered using Malaria Consortium's Projects Results System Android mobile application. Usability was determined through a modified and validated System Usability Scale (SUS) approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 93 participants responded to the usability questionnaire. The mean (± standard deviation) usability score across 10 SUS-scoring items was 60.91 (12.87), indicating a modest level of usability. The majority of users agreed the tool was useful for managing the LLIN distribution workflow, was easy to use, reduced workload, and supported stock management and real-time campaign monitoring. There was no significant difference in the usability scores across genders, roles, and counties. Respondents with experience of both paper-based and the digital tool tended to express a preference for the digital tool over paper-based systems. The majority of respondents also reported they would recommend the digital tool to colleagues.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Digital tools are perceived to improve data collection during LLIN campaigns, even in remote areas where network coverage is challenging. Additional improvements can be implemented to overcome operational challenges and improve usability of the tool. Further study is needed to assess the impact of the digital tool on data quality and real-time data use.</p>","PeriodicalId":18317,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11492559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142469467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the burden of submicroscopic Plasmodium infections in a pre-elimination malaria setting in sub-Saharan Africa, Guinea-Bissau.","authors":"Ronise Silva, Luis Filipe Lopes, Amabelia Rodrigues, Ana Paula Arez, Márcia M Medeiros","doi":"10.1186/s12936-024-05138-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12936-024-05138-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Submicroscopic Plasmodium infections can be a source of persistent malaria transmission. The aim of this study was to assess their frequency, distribution, morbidity and associated factors in a pre-elimination malaria setting in sub-Saharan Africa, Guinea-Bissau, where the Plasmodium falciparum is the predominant Plasmodium species.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dried fingerprick whole blood samples from 601 participants in the 2017 national, household-based, cross-sectional survey to estimate malaria prevalence were subjected to DNA extraction. The DNA was used in nested end-point PCR assays targeting genus- and species-specific regions of the Plasmodium 18S rRNA genes. Statistical analysis of socio-demographic, clinical and molecular data was carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 29. Factors associated with submicroscopic P. falciparum infections and their magnitude were sought using Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression models, respectively. Statistically significant level was considered at P-value < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nested PCR assays detected submicroscopic P. falciparum infections in 20.3% (95% CI = 16.8-23.8) of individuals microscopically negative for Plasmodium species in the general population and in 21.4% (95% CI = 9.9-36.5) of microscopically negative pregnant women. Submicroscopic Plasmodium malariae infections were also detected as co-infections in 3.0% individuals who were microscopically positive only for P. falciparum. Infections with other Plasmodium species were not detected. Submicroscopic P. falciparum infections were not associated with age, sex, or the presence of fever. A logistic regression model adjusted for ethnicity and health region showed that individuals from the Balanta and Bijagos ethnic groups, most of whom live in the low malaria-transmission areas of Quinara and Bissau, and the Bijagos archipelago, respectively, were less likely to have submicroscopic P. falciparum infections than individuals from the large Fula ethnic group, most of whom live in the high malaria-transmission area of Gabu. Submicroscopic P. falciparum infections were not associated with anaemia in children under 5 years of age.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results obtained highlight the contribution of asymptomatic and submicroscopic P. falciparum infections to malaria transmission in high malaria-transmission areas and the need for molecular-based tools to detect submicroscopic Plasmodium species.</p>","PeriodicalId":18317,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11491027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142469451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An observational analysis of the impact of deltamethrin + piperonyl butoxide insecticide-treated nets on malaria case incidence and entomological indicators in Ebonyi State, Nigeria, 2017-2021.","authors":"Kelly M Davis, Okefu O Okoko, Adedayo O Oduola, Petrus U Inyama, Chigozi J Uneke, Kelley Ambrose, Aklilu Seyoum, Perpetua Uhomoibhi, Dale A Rhoda, Caitlin B Clary, Justin Millar, Megan Littrell, John H Rogers, Melissa Yoshimizu, Uwem Inyang, Mark Maire, Sarah M Burnett","doi":"10.1186/s12936-024-05137-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12936-024-05137-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intense pyrethroid resistance threatens the effectiveness of the primary vector control intervention, insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), in Nigeria, the country with the largest malaria burden globally. In this study, the epidemiological and entomological impact of a new type of ITN (piperonyl-butoxide [PBO] ITNs) distributed in Ebonyi State were evaluated. The epidemiological impact was also compared to the impact of standard pyrethroid-only ITNs in Cross River State.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A controlled interrupted time series analysis was conducted on monthly malaria incidence data collected at the health facility level, using a multilevel mixed-effects negative binomial model. Data were analysed two years before and after the PBO ITN campaign in Ebonyi State (December 2017 to November 2021). A pre-post analysis, with no comparison group, was used to assess the impact of PBO ITNs on human biting rates and indoor resting density in Ebonyi during the high transmission season immediately before and after the PBO ITN campaign.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Ebonyi, PBO ITNs were associated with a 46.7% decrease (95%CI: -51.5, -40.8%; p < 0.001) in malaria case incidence in the 2 years after the PBO ITN distribution compared to a modelled scenario of no ITNs distributed, with a significant decrease from 269.6 predicted cases per 1000 population to 143.6. In Cross River, there was a significant 28.6% increase (95%CI: -10.4, 49.1%; p < 0.001) in malaria case incidence following the standard ITN distribution, with an increase from 71.2 predicted cases per 1000 population to 91.6. In Ebonyi, the human biting rate was 72% lower (IRR: 0.28; 95%CI 0.21, 0.39; p < 0.001) and indoor resting density was 73% lower (IRR: 0.27; 95%CI 0.21, 0.35; p < 0.001) after the PBO ITNs were distributed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The epidemiological and entomological impact of the PBO ITNs underscore the impact of these ITNs in areas with confirmed pyrethroid resistance. These findings contribute to ongoing research on the impact of new types of ITNs in Nigeria, providing critical evidence for the Nigeria National Malaria Elimination Programme and other countries for future ITN procurement decisions as part of mass ITN campaign planning and malaria programming.</p>","PeriodicalId":18317,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11491013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142469450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding malaria transmission and prevention in an indigenous Maijuna community: a qualitative study in the Peruvian Amazon.","authors":"Kathryn M Hogan, Michael Gilmore, Graziella P McCarron, Brian M Griffiths, Jeffrey W Koehler, Guillermo A García, Michael E von Fricken","doi":"10.1186/s12936-024-05121-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12936-024-05121-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Peru is a low-endemic transmission area for malaria, where the majority (84%) of incident malaria cases are localized to the department of Loreto, which is composed of several geographically isolated rural communities. Recent intervention efforts targeting at-risk Indigenous populations that live in riverine communities in Loreto place emphasis on preventive behaviours to decrease transmission. However, malaria related behaviour change is often dependent upon local knowledge, beliefs, and practices, especially in areas where malaria is viewed an embedded and unavoidable aspect of life.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This exploratory case study used semi-structured interviews conducted in Spanish between February and March of 2019 to examine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to malaria prevention among the Indigenous Maijuna people of Sucusari, Loreto, Peru. Participants who consented were also administered a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) upon the time of interview.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 33 community members were interviewed, and 31 were tested via malaria rapid diagnostic tests, with RDT filter paper subsequently tested using PCR. All test results were negative for malaria. Themes that emerged included: varying knowledge of methods to prevent malaria, reports of observed changes in malaria incidence over time, confusion surrounding malaria transmission, treatment-seeking as a common behaviour, the belief that medications are effective, and the acceptance of bed nets which were viewed as a lifestyle norm.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These shared narratives should be used as a foundation for further studies and health interventions among communities in the Peruvian Amazon with limited access to health services where culturally resonant, community-based health programming is essential to improving health. Takeaways regarding confusion surrounding malaria transmission should also be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":18317,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"314"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11490027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142469454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Fast and robust single PCR for Plasmodium sporozoite detection in mosquitoes using the cytochrome oxidase I gene.","authors":"Diego F Echeverry, Nicholas A Deason, Victoria Makuru, Jenna Davidson, Honglin Xiao, Julie Niedbalski, Xiaoyu Yu, Jennifer C Stevenson, Hugo Bugoro, Allan Aparaimo, Hedrick Reuben, Robert Cooper, Thomas R Burkot, Tanya L Russell, Frank H Collins, Neil F Lobo","doi":"10.1186/s12936-024-05110-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12936-024-05110-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18317,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"313"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11487803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142469453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}