Malaria Journal最新文献

{"title":"Societal uses of the main water bodies inhabited by malaria vectors and implications for larval source management.","authors":"Najat F Kahamba, Felista S Tarimo, Khamisi Kifungo, Winifrida Mponzi, Siaba A Kinunda, Alfred Simfukwe, Salum Mapua, Betwel Msugupakulya, Francesco Baldini, Heather M Ferguson, Fredros O Okumu, Marceline F Finda","doi":"10.1186/s12936-024-05154-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12936-024-05154-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Larval source management (LSM) effectively reduces mosquito populations at their breeding sites, addressing issues like insecticide resistance that limit the effectiveness of primary interventions such as insecticide-treated nets (ITNs). Although traditionally used in urban and dry areas, recent research suggests it might also be effective in rural settings in eastern and southern Africa, where Anopheles funestus thrives in permanent water bodies that sustain year-round transmission. Targeting these habitats could enhance LSM, but it requires understanding local community practices, as mosquito breeding sites often overlap with community water resources. This study examined how communities use aquatic habitats and how these practices may impact LSM strategies, with a focus on habitats used by An. funestus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted in three villages in the Ulanga and Malinyi districts of southeastern Tanzania using a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative data were collected through cross-sectional surveillance, and qualitative data through unstructured interviews, focus group discussions, and field observations. Data analysis integrated both quantitative and qualitative findings to develop a comprehensive understanding of community perspectives.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A survey of 931 aquatic habitats found mosquito larvae in 73% of them, with late instar An. funestus present in 23%. River streams made up 41% of the habitats, while ground pools accounted for 4%. Most habitats (90%) were used by communities, including 95% of those with An. funestus larvae, for activities such as domestic chores, agriculture, livestock rearing, brickmaking, and fishing. Focus group discussions revealed a willingness to adopt LSM, with a preference for larviciding and habitat modification over habitat removal, as the water sources were vital for daily use. Community concerns centered on the safety of larvicides for humans and animals, the environmental impact, and the need for better awareness of how LSM affects health and livelihoods.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights community perspectives on LSM, focusing on the dual function of aquatic habitats as mosquito breeding sites and essential community water sources. This dual role presents both challenges and opportunities, suggesting that LSM strategies must balance public health needs with socio-economic realities. There was a clear preference for larviciding and habitat modification over removal, with a strong emphasis on health and environmental safety. The study emphasizes the importance of educating communities on the safety and effectiveness of LSM, and tailoring LSM strategies to fit the needs and preferences of local communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":18317,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"336"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11550540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142623130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of ecological, climatic, and socioeconomic factors on age-specific malaria incidence in India: a mixed-model approach using the Global Burden of Disease Study (2010-2019).","authors":"Bijaya K Padhi, Abhay M Gaidhane, Prakasini Satapathy, Ganesh Bushi, Suhas Ballal, Pooja Bansal, Balvir S Tomar, Ayash Ashraf, M Ravi Kumar, Pramod Rawat, Mohammed Garout, Fatimah S Aljebaly, Amal A Sabour, Maha A Alshiekheid, Nawal A Al Kaabi, Hayam A Alrasheed, Maha F Al-Subaie, Ali A Rabaan, Ahmed Saif, Sarvesh Rustagi, Quazi Syed Zahiruddin, Muhammed Shabil","doi":"10.1186/s12936-024-05151-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12936-024-05151-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaria continues to be a critical public health concern in India, predominantly driven by complex interplays of ecological, climatic, and socioeconomic factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study aimed to assess the association between climatic variables (temperature and precipitation) and malaria incidence across India from 2010 to 2019, utilizing data from the Global Historical Weather and Climate Data for climate metrics and the Global Burden of Disease Study for malaria incidence rates. Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs) with a Poisson distribution were employed to analyze the data, adjusting for socio-economic status, as indexed by the Human Development Index (HDI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated a declining trend in both the number of malaria cases and age-specific incidence rates (ASIR) over the study period. In 2010, India reported approximately 20.7 million cases with an ASIR of 1688.86 per 100,000 population, which significantly reduced to 9.8 million cases and an ASIR of 700.80 by 2019. High malaria incidence was consistently observed in the states of Jharkhand and Odisha, whereas Sikkim reported the lowest numbers. Statistical analysis identified significant associations between malaria incidence and both temperature deviations and precipitation levels, with variations also linked to HDI, suggesting better detection and reporting capabilities in more developed areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study underscores the critical interactions between climatic variables and socio-economic factors in shaping the trends of malaria incidence across India. These findings highlight the necessity for adaptive, localized public health strategies that integrate environmental monitoring with socio-economic data to efficiently predict and manage malaria outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":18317,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11549856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives of postpartum women on intermittent presumptive treatment in Uganda: implications for malaria prevention: a qualitative study.","authors":"Fatuma Namusoke, Allan Lugaajju, William Buwembo, Mpungu Steven Kiwuuwa, Mark Kaddumukasa","doi":"10.1186/s12936-024-05135-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12936-024-05135-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaria during pregnancy leads to many deaths in Africa. COVID-19 contributed to more malaria cases due to interruptions in prevention efforts. Intermittent presumptive treatment (IPTP) is an effective malaria prevention strategy for pregnant women, but adoption barriers still exist. The study aim was to explore barriers to the adoption of IPTP at Kawempe National Referral Hospital (KNRH) Uganda.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a qualitative study design, data was collected using focus group discussions. A total of 37 postpartum mothers were interviewed in six focus group discussions. The interviews were conducted using a structured guide to explore barriers to IPTP implementation at KNRH. The data was transcribed, coded, and analysed using NVivo 10.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that mothers lacked adequate knowledge about IPTP, faced socioeconomic and cultural constraints, fear of side effects, a high pill burden, and experience of health system challenges as major themes of barriers to optimal IPTP use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and recommendations: </strong>Challenges in the service delivery and inadequate information in regard to importance and expected side effects were identified by the users as the major barriers to IPTP delivery in public health care setting. Improving delivery of focused health education talks and health work attitude and delivery chain for IPTP in the health facilities are recommended to increase its uptake.</p>","PeriodicalId":18317,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"331"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11542370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging threat of artemisinin partial resistance markers (pfk13 mutations) in Plasmodium falciparum parasite populations in multiple geographical locations in high transmission regions of Uganda.","authors":"Bosco B Agaba, Jye Travis, David Smith, Simon P Rugera, Maria G Zalwango, Jimmy Opigo, Charles Katureebe, Ruth Mpirirwe, Dembo Bakary, Martin Antonio, Beshir Khalid, Joseph Ngonzi, Moses R Kamya, Pontiano Kaleebu, Peter Piot, Qin Cheng","doi":"10.1186/s12936-024-05158-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12936-024-05158-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is currently recommended for treatment of uncomplicated malaria. However, the emergence and spread of partial artemisinin resistance threatens their effectiveness for malaria treatment in sub-Saharan Africa where the burden of malaria is highest. Early detection and reporting of validated molecular markers (pfk13 mutations) in Plasmodium falciparum is useful for tracking the emergence and spread of partial artemisinin resistance to inform containment efforts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Genomic surveillance was conducted at 50 surveillance sites across four regions of Uganda in Karamoja, Lango, Acholi and West Nile from June 2021 to August 2023. Symptomatic malaria suspected patients were recruited and screened for presence of parasites. In addition, dried blood spots (DBS) were collected for parasite genomic analysis with PCR and sequencing. Out of 563 available dried blood spots (DBS), a random subset of 240 P. falciparum mono-infections, confirmed by a multiplex PCR were selected and used for detecting the pfk13 mutations by Sanger sequencing using Big Dye Terminator method. Regional variations in the proportions of pfk13 mutations were assessed using the chi square or Fisher's exact tests while Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare absolute parasite DNA levels between wild type and mutant parasites.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 238/240 samples (99.2%) contained sufficient DNA and were successfully sequenced. Three mutations were identified within the sequenced samples; pfk13 C469Y in 32/238 (13.5%) samples, pfk13 A675V in 14/238 (5.9%) and pfk13 S522C in (1/238 (0.42%) samples across the four surveyed regions. The prevalence of pfk13 C469Y mutation was significantly higher in Karamoja region (23.3%) compared to other regions, P = 0.007. The majority of parasite isolates circulating in West Nile are of wild type (98.3), P = 0.002. Relative parasite DNA quantity did not differ in samples carrying the wild type, C469Y and A675V alleles (Kruskal-Wallis test, P = 0.6373).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Detection of validated molecular markers of artemisinin partial resistance in multiple geographical locations in this setting provides additional evidence of emerging threat of artemisinin partial resistance in Uganda. In view of these findings, periodic genomic surveillance is recommended to detect and monitor levels of pfk13 mutations in other regions in parallel with TES to assess potential implication on delayed parasite clearance and associated treatment failure in this setting. Future studies should consider identification of potential drivers of artemisinin partial resistance in the different malaria transmission settings in Uganda.</p>","PeriodicalId":18317,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"330"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11539793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142583165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preserving nets, protecting children: an evaluation of factors influencing the utilization and physical integrity of long-lasting insecticidal nets among under-five children in Osun State, Nigeria.","authors":"Olufemi Oroge, Temitope Olumuyiwa Ojo, Baderinwa Opeyemi Akanji, Bamgboye Morakinyo Afolabi, Akeem Babatunde Bello","doi":"10.1186/s12936-024-05149-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12936-024-05149-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaria remains a significant public health challenge in Africa where it is the most important vector-borne disease. Nigeria bears the largest burden, with pregnant women and children under 5 years being more affected. Although, long lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) remain effective for control, its use has been suboptimal. Hence this study assessed, household ownership, physical integrity and use of LLINs among children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A community-based, cross-sectional study was carried out among 1642 households using a multistage sampling technique in Osun State, Nigeria. A pretested, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio-demographic characteristics and use among under-fives. LLINs were inspected for physical integrity and cleanliness. A binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors influencing LLIN use by under-fives.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of children was 32.2 ± 16.5 months. Most households, 1586 (96.6%) had an LLIN while 165 (10.4%) did not hang their net. Holes were present in LLINs in 360 (22.7%) households and 196 (12.4%) had dusty or stained nets. Most households, (1259; 79.4%), had at least one LLIN for every 2 household members and survey participants reported that 1331 (83.9%) under-fives slept under an LLIN the night before the survey. Factors associated with reported LLIN use were; older parents/guardians aged 50-59 years (AOR: 3.02; 95% CI 1.50-6.09), having a post-secondary education (AOR: 2.56; 95% CI 1.31-5.00), having LLIN obtained < 12 months (AOR: 4.27; 95% CI 2.39-7.64), households with one LLIN for every 2 members (AOR: 1.65; 95% CI 1.15-2.37) and households with clean nets (AOR 2.75; 95% CI 1.89-4.00) had increased odds of reported LLIN utilization by under-five children.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although LLIN ownership and reported use were high in this study, gaps exist between ownership and reported use of LLINs. About one-fourth of LLINs had poor physical integrity. To maximize LLIN effectiveness in households, it is important to ensure the continued free distribution of nets and emphasize messages to parents/guardians on proper care, maintenance, and use of nets.</p>","PeriodicalId":18317,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"329"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11539812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142583244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CYP3A4-mediated metabolism of artemisinin to 10β-hydroxyartemisinin with comparable anti-malarial potency.","authors":"Fanping Zhu, Huixiu Mao, Shanshan Du, Hongchang Zhou, Rui Zhang, Pingli Li, Jie Xing","doi":"10.1186/s12936-024-05163-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12936-024-05163-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The most widely used anti-malarial drug artemisinin (ART) is metabolized extensively, but the therapeutic capacity of its major metabolite remains unknown. Whether the major metabolite of ART (ART-M) contributes to its antiplasmodial potency was investigated in this study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The metabolite identification and enzyme phenotyping of ART were performed using human liver microsomes (HLMs). The stereostructure of the major metabolite ART-M was elucidated by spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analysis. The anti-malarial activity of ART-M against two reference Plasmodium strains (Pf3D7 and PfDd2) was evaluated. The pharmacokinetic profiles of ART and its metabolite ART-M were investigated in healthy Chinese subjects after a recommended two-day oral dose of ART plus piperaquine. Pharmacodynamic parameters based on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC₅₀) and free plasma concentration were employed to evaluate the therapeutic potency of ART-M, including fAUC_0-t/MIC₅₀, fC_max/MIC₅₀ and T > MIC₅₀.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A major metabolite 10β-hydroxyartemisinin (ART-M) was found for ART in human, and CYP3A4/3A5 was the major enzymes responsible for ART 10β-hydroxylation. Compared with ART (MIC₅₀, 10.1 nM against Pf3D7), weaker antiplasmodial activity was found for ART-M (MIC₅₀, 61.4 nM against Pf3D7). However, a 3.5-fold higher maximal free plasma concentration was achieved for ART-M (fC_max, 180.0 nM vs. 51.8 nM for ART). ART-M displayed comparable antiplasmodial potency to ART, in terms of fAUC_0-t/MIC₅₀ (12.5 h), fC_max/MIC₅₀ (2.8) and T > MIC₅₀ (5 h).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The major metabolite 10β-hydroxyartemisinin contributes to the antiplasmodial efficacy of ART, which should be considered when evaluation of ART dosing regimens and/or clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18317,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"328"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11539713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142583194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic accuracy of the point-of-care standard G6PD test™ (SD Biosensor) for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Juan Camilo Martínez, Viviana Vélez-Marín, Mary Lopez-Perez, Daniel F Patiño-Lugo, Ivan D Florez","doi":"10.1186/s12936-024-05144-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12936-024-05144-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd) is a common genetic enzymopathy that can induce haemolysis triggered by various factors, including some anti-malarial drugs. Although many Point-of-Care (PoC) tests, such as Standard G6PD™ are available to detect G6PDd, its pooled diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) remains unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To estimate the DTA of StandG6PD-BS at various thresholds of G6PDd, a systematic review with a DTA meta-analysis were conducted, searching EMBASE, MEDLINE, and SciELO databases up to April 4, 2024.The included studies were those that measured G6PD activity using StandG6PD-BS (reference test) and spectrophotometry (gold standard) in patients suspected of having G6PDd. The risk of bias (RoB) of the studies was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool and the certainty of evidence (CoE) with the GRADE approach. For the estimation of within-study DTA, a random-effect bivariate meta-analysis was performed to determine the pooled sensitivity and specificity for 30%, 70%, and 80% enzyme levels' thresholds, and a graphical analysis of the heterogeneity using crosshair and Confidence Regions on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) space plots.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After screening 2496 reports, four studies were included with 7864 participants covering all thresholds. Two studies had high RoB in QUADAS-2 domains 2 and 3, and the others had low RoB, with low, moderate, and high heterogeneity at the 30%, 70%, and 80% thresholds, respectively. The pooled sensitivity was 99.1%, 95.7%, and 90% for 30%, 70%, and 80% thresholds, respectively. The pooled specificity was 97.4%; 92.9%; and 89.0% for 30%, 70%, and 80% thresholds, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>StandG6PD-BS is a PoC test with high sensitivity and specificity to detect G6PDd at different thresholds.</p>","PeriodicalId":18317,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"327"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142564704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing and deploying caller tunes on mobile phones to promote malaria vaccine uptake in Africa: can the technology acceptance model (TAM) help?","authors":"Stanley Eneh, Francisca Onukansi, Ogechi Ikhuoria, Temitope Ojo","doi":"10.1186/s12936-024-05134-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12936-024-05134-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malaria remains a significant global health challenge, with millions of cases and high mortality rates annually, especially in low-income countries. Africa bears a substantial burden, with direct costs of malaria among children under five reaching millions of dollars in countries like Ghana, Tanzania, and Kenya. In 2021, over 610,000 malaria-related deaths were reported, 96% of which occurred in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite existing interventions, such as long-lasting insecticidal nets, indoor residual spraying, and intermittent preventive treatment, the re-emergence of malaria underscores the need for innovative preventive strategies. This study explores the potential of utilizing mobile phone caller tunes to raise awareness and promote the uptake of the RTS,S malaria vaccine. The technology acceptance model (TAM) provides a framework for understanding how users perceive and adopt new technologies. Caller tunes, a mobile phone feature that plays audio for callers waiting to be connected, have been effective in health communication campaigns in Asia and Africa. This approach could be leveraged to enhance malaria vaccine awareness, particularly in low-income countries where vaccine hesitancy is prevalent and malaria endemic. Overall, mobile technologies have significantly improved healthcare delivery in Africa, facilitating communication, monitoring, and treatment adherence in remote areas. Integrating caller tunes with health messages about the malaria vaccine could address vaccine hesitancy and improve uptake. This would require collaboration with telecommunication companies, healthcare providers, and policymakers to design culturally and linguistically appropriate messages. However, the cost of caller tune services, the need for internet access, and cultural differences are the expected challenge that may occur in this approach. Therefore, strategic partnerships and intersectoral approaches can mitigate these issues, making caller tunes a viable tool for public health communication. Raising awareness through this innovative method could enhance the adoption of the RTS,S vaccine and support ongoing malaria control efforts in Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":18317,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"325"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142564701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of PermaNet^® Dual compared to Interceptor^® G2 and PermaNet 3.0 in experimental huts in Siaya County, western Kenya.","authors":"Nashon Ogutu, Silas Agumba, Vincent Moshi, Patrick Onyango, Collins Ouma, Edith Ramaita, Lenson Kariuki, John E Gimnig, Bernard Abong'o, Eric Ochomo","doi":"10.1186/s12936-024-05157-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12936-024-05157-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pyrethroid-chlorfenapyr nets have shown significant epidemiological impact over pyrethroid-only and pyrethroid plus piperonyl-butoxide (PBO) in Africa. A non-inferiority evaluation of PermaNet^® Dual, a new chlorfenapyr plus deltamethrin net, compared to Interceptor^® G2, was conducted in experimental huts in Siaya, Kenya against free-flying pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles funestus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was an experimental hut trial, following a 7 by 7 Latin Square design. Seven treatments and seven sleepers were deployed in the experimental huts daily and rotated weekly and daily, respectively. Mosquitoes were collected every morning between 06:30 h and 08:30 h and were assessed for blood feeding and then monitored for immediate knockdown 1-h post collection and delayed mortality after 72 h. Differences in proportional outcomes were analysed using the blocked logistic regression model, while differences in numerical outcomes were analysed using the negative binomial regression model. Non-inferiority determination was performed based on World Health Organization (WHO) protocol.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mortality at 72 h was 30.2% for PermaNet 3.0, 44.4% for the Interceptor^® G2 and 49.2% for the PermaNet^® Dual. Blood feeding was highest with PermaNet^® Dual at 15%, and least with PermaNet^® 3.0 at 10%. PermaNet^® Dual and Interceptor^® G2 had no significant differences in mortality (OR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.00-1.20) or blood feeding (OR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.04-1.33) and the lower confidence bounds were within the non-inferiority margins but for blood feeding, non-inferiority was relatively high to the upper 95% confidence bound. PermaNet^® Dual was non-inferior to the Interceptor^® G2 and superior to the PermaNet^® 3.0 nets in causing mortality but inferior to PermaNet ^®3.0 in blood feeding inhibition of the vectors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PermaNet^® Dual met the WHO criteria for non-inferiority to Interceptor^® G2 and may be considered for deployment for public health use against pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles vectors of malaria.</p>","PeriodicalId":18317,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142564705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The challenge of improving long-lasting insecticidal nets coverage on Bioko Island: using data to adapt distribution strategies.","authors":"Guillermo A García, David S Galick, Jordan M Smith, Marcos Mbulito Iyanga, Matilde Riloha Rivas, Jeremías Nzamío Mba Eyono, Wonder P Phiri, Olivier Tresor Donfack, David L Smith, Carlos A Guerra","doi":"10.1186/s12936-024-05139-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12936-024-05139-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Since 2015, malaria vector control on Bioko Island has relied heavily upon long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) to complement other interventions. Despite significant resources utilised, however, achieving and maintaining high coverage has been elusive. Here, core LLIN indicators were used to assess and redefine distribution strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>LLIN indicators were estimated for Bioko Island between 2015 and 2022 using a 1x1 km grid of areas. The way these indicators interacted was used to critically assess coverage targets. Particular attention was paid to spatial heterogeneity and to differences between urban Malabo, the capital, and the rural periphery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LLIN coverage according to all indicators varied substantially across areas, decreased significantly soon after mass distribution campaigns (MDC) and, with few exceptions, remained consistently below the recommended target. Use was strongly correlated with population access, particularly in Malabo. After a change in strategy in Malabo from MDC to fixed distribution points, use-to-access showed significant improvement, indicating those who obtained their nets from these sources were more likely to keep them and use them. Moreover, their use rates were significantly higher than those of whom sourced their nets elsewhere.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Striking a better balance between LLIN distribution efficiency and coverage represents a major challenge as LLIN retention and use rates remain low despite high access resulting from MDC. The cost-benefit of fixed distribution points in Malabo revealed significant advantages, offering a viable alternative for ensuring access to LLINs to those who use them.</p>","PeriodicalId":18317,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"324"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11523664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142546320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}