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Prediction of Wind Turbine Gearbox Oil Temperature Based on Stochastic Differential Equation Modeling 基于随机微分方程建模的风力涡轮机齿轮箱油温预测
IF 2.4 3区 数学
Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.3390/math12172783
Hongsheng Su, Zonghao Ding, Xingsheng Wang
{"title":"Prediction of Wind Turbine Gearbox Oil Temperature Based on Stochastic Differential Equation Modeling","authors":"Hongsheng Su, Zonghao Ding, Xingsheng Wang","doi":"10.3390/math12172783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/math12172783","url":null,"abstract":"Aiming at the problem of high failure rate and inconvenient maintenance of wind turbine gearboxes, this paper establishes a stochastic differential equation model that can be used to fit the change of gearbox oil temperature and adopts an iterative computational method and Markov-based modified optimization to fit the prediction sequence in order to realize the accurate prediction of gearbox oil temperature. The model divides the oil temperature change of the gearbox into two parts, internal aging and external random perturbation, adopts the approximation theorem to establish the internal aging model, and uses Brownian motion to simulate the external random perturbation. The model parameters were calculated by the Newton–Raphson iterative method based on the gearbox oil temperature monitoring data. Iterative calculations and Markov-based corrections were performed on the model prediction data. The gearbox oil temperature variations were simulated in MATLAB, and the fitting and testing errors were calculated before and after the iterations. By comparing the fitting and testing errors with the ordinary differential equations and the stochastic differential equations before iteration, the iterated model can better reflect the gear oil temperature trend and predict the oil temperature at a specific time. The accuracy of the iterated model in terms of fitting and prediction is important for the development of preventive maintenance.","PeriodicalId":18303,"journal":{"name":"Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142177089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Coarse-Gridded Simulation of the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation with Machine Learning 利用机器学习对非线性薛定谔方程进行粗网格模拟
IF 2.4 3区 数学
Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.3390/math12172784
Benjamin F. Akers, Kristina O. F. Williams
{"title":"Coarse-Gridded Simulation of the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation with Machine Learning","authors":"Benjamin F. Akers, Kristina O. F. Williams","doi":"10.3390/math12172784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/math12172784","url":null,"abstract":"A numerical method for evolving the nonlinear Schrödinger equation on a coarse spatial grid is developed. This trains a neural network to generate the optimal stencil weights to discretize the second derivative of solutions to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The neural network is embedded in a symmetric matrix to control the scheme’s eigenvalues, ensuring stability. The machine-learned method can outperform both its parent finite difference method and a Fourier spectral method. The trained scheme has the same asymptotic operation cost as its parent finite difference method after training. Unlike traditional methods, the performance depends on how close the initial data are to the training set.","PeriodicalId":18303,"journal":{"name":"Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142177093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Novel Brillouin and Langevin Functions Dynamic Model for Two Conflicting Social Groups: Study of R&D Processes 两个冲突社会群体的新型布里渊和朗格文函数动态模型:研发过程研究
IF 2.4 3区 数学
Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.3390/math12172788
Ekaterina V. Orlova
{"title":"A Novel Brillouin and Langevin Functions Dynamic Model for Two Conflicting Social Groups: Study of R&D Processes","authors":"Ekaterina V. Orlova","doi":"10.3390/math12172788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/math12172788","url":null,"abstract":"We consider a two-group social conflict under the corporates’ research and development (R&D) business processes. Conflict participants are divided into two groups depending on their attitude to new ideas, technologies, and behavioral style for R&D creative problems—innovators and adapters. We reveal the contradiction that arises between the need to include both types of employees in one project team and their objectively antagonistic positions regarding the methods and approaches to R&D processes. The proposed research methodology is based on a modern post-non-classical paradigm formed on the principles of coherence, interdisciplinarity, openness, and nonlinearity, as well as a sociophysical approach to the social conflicts modeling. We use the general theories of magnetism, paramagnetism, and functions of P. Langevin and L. Brillouin to describe the dynamics of group participants’ preferences regarding the style of conflict behavior. The analogy of paramagnetism, consisting in the orienting effect of the magnetic field, is used to describe social groups interactions that have not only their own interests, but are also influenced by the opinions of opposite social groups. A two-dimensional, four-parameter map represents the dynamics of group conflict. Modeling results show that regardless of the initial states and with certain parameters of intra-group and intergroup interactions, the trajectories eventually converge to an attractor (limit cycle) in a two-dimensional space. No non-periodic or chaotic modes are identified in the two-group conflict, which determines the controllability of the described conflict. The results of the simulation experiments are used as decision support and contradictions resolution aimed at forming the required modes of the corporates’ research and development business processes and ensuring the group participants’ cohesion and depolarization. The results of testing the model at an industrial enterprise are presented.","PeriodicalId":18303,"journal":{"name":"Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142177094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Few-Shot Learning Sensitive Recognition Method Based on Prototypical Network 基于原型网络的少量学习敏感识别方法
IF 2.4 3区 数学
Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.3390/math12172791
Guoquan Yuan, Xinjian Zhao, Liu Li, Song Zhang, Shanming Wei
{"title":"Few-Shot Learning Sensitive Recognition Method Based on Prototypical Network","authors":"Guoquan Yuan, Xinjian Zhao, Liu Li, Song Zhang, Shanming Wei","doi":"10.3390/math12172791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/math12172791","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional machine learning-based entity extraction methods rely heavily on feature engineering by experts, and the generalization ability of the model is poor. Prototype networks, on the other hand, can effectively use a small amount of labeled data to train models while using category prototypes to enhance the generalization ability of the models. Therefore, this paper proposes a prototype network-based named entity recognition (NER) method, namely the FSPN-NER model, to solve the problem of difficult recognition of sensitive data in data-sparse text. The model utilizes the positional coding model (PCM) to pre-train the data and perform feature extraction, then computes the prototype vectors to achieve entity matching, and finally introduces a boundary detection module to enhance the performance of the prototype network in the named entity recognition task. The model in this paper is compared with LSTM, BiLSTM, CRF, Transformer and their combination models, and the experimental results on the test dataset show that the model outperforms the comparative models with an accuracy of 84.8%, a recall of 85.8% and an F1 value of 0.853.","PeriodicalId":18303,"journal":{"name":"Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142177116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Accelerating the Speed of Convergence for High-Order Methods to Solve Equations 加快高阶方程求解方法的收敛速度
IF 2.4 3区 数学
Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.3390/math12172785
Ramandeep Behl, Ioannis K. Argyros, Sattam Alharbi
{"title":"Accelerating the Speed of Convergence for High-Order Methods to Solve Equations","authors":"Ramandeep Behl, Ioannis K. Argyros, Sattam Alharbi","doi":"10.3390/math12172785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/math12172785","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces a multistep method for developing sequences that solve Banach space-valued equations. It provides error estimates, a radius of convergence, and uniqueness results. Our approach improves the applicability of the recommended method and addresses challenges in applied science. The theoretical advancements are supported by comprehensive computational results, demonstrating the practical applicability and robustness of the earlier method. We ensure more reliable and precise solutions to Banach space-valued equations by providing computable error estimates and a clear radius of convergence for the considered method. We conclude that our work significantly improves the practical utility of multistep methods, offering a rigorous and computable approach to solving complex equations in Banach spaces, with strong theoretical and computational results.","PeriodicalId":18303,"journal":{"name":"Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142177090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Enhanced Parameter Estimation of DENsity CLUstEring (DENCLUE) Using Differential Evolution 利用差分进化增强 DENsity CLUstEring (DENCLUE) 的参数估计
IF 2.4 3区 数学
Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.3390/math12172790
Omer Ajmal, Shahzad Mumtaz, Humaira Arshad, Abdullah Soomro, Tariq Hussain, Razaz Waheeb Attar, Ahmed Alhomoud
{"title":"Enhanced Parameter Estimation of DENsity CLUstEring (DENCLUE) Using Differential Evolution","authors":"Omer Ajmal, Shahzad Mumtaz, Humaira Arshad, Abdullah Soomro, Tariq Hussain, Razaz Waheeb Attar, Ahmed Alhomoud","doi":"10.3390/math12172790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/math12172790","url":null,"abstract":"The task of finding natural groupings within a dataset exploiting proximity of samples is known as clustering, an unsupervised learning approach. Density-based clustering algorithms, which identify arbitrarily shaped clusters using spatial dimensions and neighbourhood aspects, are sensitive to the selection of parameters. For instance, DENsity CLUstEring (DENCLUE)—a density-based clustering algorithm—requires a trial-and-error approach to find suitable parameters for optimal clusters. Earlier attempts to automate the parameter estimation of DENCLUE have been highly dependent either on the choice of prior data distribution (which could vary across datasets) or by fixing one parameter (which might not be optimal) and learning other parameters. This article addresses this challenge by learning the parameters of DENCLUE through the differential evolution optimisation technique without prior data distribution assumptions. Experimental evaluation of the proposed approach demonstrated consistent performance across datasets (synthetic and real datasets) containing clusters of arbitrary shapes. The clustering performance was evaluated using clustering validation metrics (e.g., Silhouette Score, Davies–Bouldin Index and Adjusted Rand Index) as well as qualitative visual analysis when compared with other density-based clustering algorithms, such as DPC, which is based on weighted local density sequences and nearest neighbour assignments (DPCSA) and Variable KDE-based DENCLUE (VDENCLUE).","PeriodicalId":18303,"journal":{"name":"Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142177096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Design and Comparison of Fractional-Order Controllers in Flotation Cell Banks and Flotation Columns Used in Copper Extraction Processes 铜提取工艺中使用的浮选池组和浮选柱中分阶控制器的设计与比较
IF 2.4 3区 数学
Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.3390/math12172789
Manuel A. Duarte-Mermoud, Abdiel Ricaldi-Morales, Juan Carlos Travieso-Torres, Rafael Castro-Linares
{"title":"Design and Comparison of Fractional-Order Controllers in Flotation Cell Banks and Flotation Columns Used in Copper Extraction Processes","authors":"Manuel A. Duarte-Mermoud, Abdiel Ricaldi-Morales, Juan Carlos Travieso-Torres, Rafael Castro-Linares","doi":"10.3390/math12172789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/math12172789","url":null,"abstract":"This work explores efficiency improvements in the copper flotation stage, a complex nonlinear, multivariable process subject to numerous perturbations. The primary objective is to design a fractional-order PID (FOPID) control strategy and a fractional-order model reference adaptive control (FOMRAC) system. The parameters for these controllers are optimized using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with an objective function tailored to the control goals. This study employs models of both a bank series of five flotation cells and a flotation column. Their performance results are compared against traditional controllers, such as an integer-order PID and MRAC. The findings reveal that fractional-order controllers offer notable advantages over their integer-order counterparts, showing improved performance metrics with minimal changes to the existing control framework. This research highlights the effectiveness of fractional control in enhancing flotation processes and introduces a novel application of fractional control techniques in this area.","PeriodicalId":18303,"journal":{"name":"Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142177097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Method for Transforming Non-Convex Optimization Problem to Distributed Form 将非凸优化问题转化为分布式形式的方法
IF 2.4 3区 数学
Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.3390/math12172796
Oleg O. Khamisov, Oleg V. Khamisov, Todor D. Ganchev, Eugene S. Semenkin
{"title":"A Method for Transforming Non-Convex Optimization Problem to Distributed Form","authors":"Oleg O. Khamisov, Oleg V. Khamisov, Todor D. Ganchev, Eugene S. Semenkin","doi":"10.3390/math12172796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/math12172796","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a novel distributed method for non-convex optimization problems with coupling equality and inequality constraints. This method transforms the optimization problem into a specific form to allow distributed implementation of modified gradient descent and Newton’s methods so that they operate as if they were distributed. We demonstrate that for the proposed distributed method: (i) communications are significantly less time-consuming than oracle calls, (ii) its convergence rate is equivalent to the convergence of Newton’s method concerning oracle calls, and (iii) for the cases when oracle calls are more expensive than communication between agents, the transition from a centralized to a distributed paradigm does not significantly affect computational time. The proposed method is applicable when the objective function is twice differentiable and constraints are differentiable, which holds for a wide range of machine learning methods and optimization setups.","PeriodicalId":18303,"journal":{"name":"Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142177121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hybrid Fuzzy Method for Performance Evaluation of City Construction 城市建设绩效评价的混合模糊法
IF 2.4 3区 数学
Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.3390/math12172792
Chun-Ming Yang, Chang-Hsien Hsu, Tian Chen, Shiyao Li
{"title":"Hybrid Fuzzy Method for Performance Evaluation of City Construction","authors":"Chun-Ming Yang, Chang-Hsien Hsu, Tian Chen, Shiyao Li","doi":"10.3390/math12172792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/math12172792","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluating the performance of city construction not only helps optimize city functions and improve city quality, but it also contributes to the development of sustainable cities. However, most of the scoring rules for evaluating the performance of city construction are overly cumbersome and demand very high data integrity. Moreover, the properties, change scale, and scope of different evaluation indicators of city construction often lead to uncertain and ambiguous results. In this study, a hybrid fuzzy method is proposed to conduct the performance evaluation of city construction in two phases. Firstly, a city performance index (CPI) was developed by combining the means and standard deviations of indicators of city construction to address the volatility of historical statistical data as well as different types of data. Considering the sampling errors in data analysis, the parameter estimation method was used to derive the 100% × (1 − α) confidence interval of the CPI. Buckley’s fuzzy approach was then adopted to extend the statistical estimators from the CPI into fuzzy estimators, after which a fuzzy CPI was proposed. To identify the specific improvement directions for city construction, the fuzzy axiom design (fuzzy AD) method was applied to explore the relationship between the targets set by city managers and actual performance. Finally, an example of six cities in China is provided to illustrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed method. The results show that the performance of Chongqing on several evaluation indicators is lower than that of other cities. The proposed method takes into account the issues of uniformity and diversity in the performance evaluation of city construction. It can enable a quantitative assessment of the city construction level in all cities and provide theoretical support and a decision-making basis for relevant government departments to optimize city construction planning and scientifically formulate city construction policies.","PeriodicalId":18303,"journal":{"name":"Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142177117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reduction in Optimal Time in Systems with Input Redundancy 减少输入冗余系统的最佳时间
IF 2.4 3区 数学
Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.3390/math12172793
Zhongxing Peng, Gengzhong Zheng, Wei Huang
{"title":"Reduction in Optimal Time in Systems with Input Redundancy","authors":"Zhongxing Peng, Gengzhong Zheng, Wei Huang","doi":"10.3390/math12172793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/math12172793","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses a reduction in the optimal time due to the presence of input redundancy in time-optimal control problems. By introducing a non-idle channel to represent an active input channel, we establish the necessary and sufficient conditions that ensure a strict reduction in the optimal time for affine nonlinear systems. In cases of identical input redundancy, its impact varies according to the type of input constraint, and certain types may not lead to a reduction in the optimal time. Ultimately, in linear time-invariant (LTI) systems, the extent of the optimal time reduction depends on the system’s controllability.","PeriodicalId":18303,"journal":{"name":"Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142177118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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