Medical History最新文献_第5页

MDH volume 67 issue 3 Cover and Front matter. MDH第67卷第3期封面和封面问题。

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2023.33

引用次数: 0

The 'new era in medicine': John Ryle and the promotion of social medicine. “医学的新时代”:约翰·赖尔和社会医学的推广。

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2023.21

John Stewart

引用次数: 0

A history of thalidomide in India. 印度沙利度胺的历史。

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2023.27

Ludger Wimmelbücker, Anita Kar

{"title":"A history of thalidomide in India.","authors":"Ludger Wimmelbücker, Anita Kar","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2023.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2023.27","url":null,"abstract":"In contrast to the well-known stories of the embryotoxic drug, thalidomide, in countries where it was responsible for large numbers of birth defects, there is limited information on its history in India. Its presence before 2002, when the country issued the first marketing licence for a thalidomide-containing preparation, is assumed to be negligible. This article challenges this view by showing that the drug entered the Indian subcontinent through the former Portuguese territory of Goa around 1960. We examine the subsequent development of its distribution, use and regulation in India from the mid-1960s up to the present situation. Colonial legacies are a crucial explanation for the early appearance of thalidomide on the Indian subcontinent. They also influenced its re-emergence as drug for treating leprosy reactions in India after 1965. We identify key actors in this process: the original German producer that delivered thalidomide free of charge, European doctors who worked for international non-governmental organizations, the World Health Organization (WHO), which supported clinical trials and later discouraged the use of the drug, and finally the Indian state institutions that limited its distribution and later quickly opened the way for the private sector to produce and market thalidomide and its analogues. Finally, we discuss the risk of thalidomide-induced birth defects by casting a critical look on the present state of regulatory provisions and the monitoring of birth defects in India.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":"67 3","pages":"228-246"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10482574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10176699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Medical imagery in Maximus of Tyre's Orations. 《提尔演说》中的医学意象。

IF 0.9 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2023.23

Sophia Xenophontos

{"title":"Medical imagery in Maximus of Tyre's Orations.","authors":"Sophia Xenophontos","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2023.23","DOIUrl":"10.1017/mdh.2023.23","url":null,"abstract":"Imagery is an overarching feature of Maximus of Tyre's Orations which has never been the subject of systematic investigation. This paper provides a starting point by focusing exclusively on medical imagery, one of the most pervasive and instrumental types of imagery in Maximus' work that has gone entirely unnoticed in the literature to date. This paper shows that Maximus uses medicine (especially its scientific basis and historical development), the physician (e.g. his skill, provision and sensitivity towards the patient), the body (its physiology and workings) and notions of health and disease with considerable diversity and creativity, in ways that make his examples stand out in relation to earlier (Platonic) or contemporary applications of the medical parallel. It argues that the use of the medical imagery in the pedagogical context in which Maximus' Orations were performed facilitated not just clarity but also concept formation and the shaping of a moral outlook as well as the familiarisation with the proper literary references and verbal and conceptual topoi for admission into the group of the educated elite. Another main thesis is that medical imagery valorises Maximus' philosophical status and his claims to Imperial-period acculturation, thus functioning as a trademark for the rhetorical philosophy he wished to promote.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":"67 3","pages":"211-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10482572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10176698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

'Pearls' of the nineteenth-century: from therapeutic actors to global commodities medicinal leeches in the Ottoman Empire. 19世纪的“珍珠”:从治疗演员到全球商品奥斯曼帝国的药用水蛭。

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2023.17

Büşra Arabacı

{"title":"'Pearls' of the nineteenth-century: from therapeutic actors to global commodities medicinal leeches in the Ottoman Empire.","authors":"Büşra Arabacı","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2023.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2023.17","url":null,"abstract":"Nineteenth-century physicians increasingly favoured leeching - the placing of a live leech onto a patient's skin to stimulate or limit blood flow - as a cure for numerous ailments. As conviction in their therapeutic properties spread, leech therapy dominated European medicine; France imported over fifty million leeches in one year. Demand soon outpaced supply, spawning a lucrative global trade. Over-collection and farming eventually destroyed leech habitats, wreaked environmental havoc and forced European merchants to seek new supply sources. Vast colonies of leeches were found to inhabit the immense wetlands of the Ottoman Empire, which soon became a major exporter of medicinal leeches. Following the Treaty of Balta Liman (1838), the Ottoman state moved to exert control over the lucrative trade, imposing a tax on leech gathering and contracting with tax-farmers (mültezim) to collect the taxes. British diplomats, merchants and other stakeholders protested the imposition of the tax, as had previously happened with the commodification of wildlife; their pursuit of profit led collectors and farmers to over-gather leeches, with catastrophic consequences. By the end of the century, so great had their worth climbed that the leech population faced extinction. This paper situates medicinal leeches as therapeutic actors of history and adopts an interscale approach in formulating the human-leech interaction. It offers a substantive contribution to the history of medicine, in revealing the centrality of leeches to the rise of modern medicine and global trade, but also by making visible their role in shaping imperial diplomacy and worldwide economic markets.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":"67 2","pages":"128-147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10404516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9977886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Workhouse or asylum? Accommodating pauper lunatics in nineteenth-century England. 济贫院还是收容所?在19世纪的英国，收容乞丐和疯子。

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2023.15

Alistair Ritch

{"title":"Workhouse or asylum? Accommodating pauper lunatics in nineteenth-century England.","authors":"Alistair Ritch","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2023.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2023.15","url":null,"abstract":"The late eighteenth and early nineteenth century witnessed a dramatic increase in the number of pauper lunatics being admitted to institutions and many mentally-ill paupers found their way into workhouses. The range of options existing for the admission of paupers, who at the time were described as lunatics or insane, included private madhouses, charitable asylums, public asylums as well as workhouses. Legislation relating to transfer from a workhouse to a one of these other institutions was ambiguous and depended on the concept of dangerousness and whether a workhouse inmate was manageable, rather than the nature of their illness. Because demand exceeded the space available because of overcrowding, workhouses and public asylums continually needed to increase provision by means of converting existing facilities or erecting new buildings. Nevertheless, the transfer of patients between asylums was commonplace and extensive. This article will explore the interface between two urban workhouses in the West Midlands of England and their local asylums from the late eighteenth until the end of the nineteenth century. It will demonstrate that, although local circumstances at any one time may have contributed to decisions on transfer, the overriding difficulty in the correct placement of pauper lunatics throughout the time period was institutional overcrowding, mainly driven by the increasing numbers of pauper lunatics.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":"67 2","pages":"109-127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10404515/pdf/S0025727323000157a.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9977887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Medical fears of the malingering soldier: 'phony cronies' and the Repat in 1960s Australia. 医学上对装病士兵的恐惧:“虚伪的密友”和20世纪60年代澳大利亚的Repat。

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2023.19

Effie Karageorgos

{"title":"Medical fears of the malingering soldier: 'phony cronies' and the Repat in 1960s Australia.","authors":"Effie Karageorgos","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2023.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2023.19","url":null,"abstract":"The fear of the malingering soldier or veteran has existed in Australia since its first nationwide military venture in South Africa. The establishment of the Repatriation Department in 1917 saw the medical, military and political fields work collectively, to some extent, to support hundreds of thousands of men who returned from their military service wounded or ill. Over the next decades the medical profession occasionally criticised the Repatriation Department's alleged laxness towards soldier recipients of military pensions, particularly those with less visible war-related psychiatric conditions. In 1963 this reached a crescendo when a group of Australian doctors drew battle lines in the correspondence pages of the Medical Journal of Australia, accusing the Repatriation Department of directing a 'national scandal', and provoking responses by both the Minister for Repatriation and the Chairman of the War Pensions Assessment Appeal Tribunal. Although this controversy and its aftermath does allow for closer investigation of the inner workings of the Repatriation Department, the words of the doctors themselves about 'phony cronies', 'deadbeats' and 'drongoes' also reveal how the medical fear of the malingering soldier, and particularly the traumatised soldier-malingerer, lingered into the early 1960s and beyond. This paper will analyse the medical conceptualisation of the traumatised soldier in the 1960s in relation to historical conceptions of malingering, the increasingly tenuous position of psychiatry, as well as the socio-medical 'sick role', and will explore possible links with the current soldier and veteran suicide crisis in Australia.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":"67 2","pages":"172-191"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10404517/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10031987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Have we lost sleep? A reconsideration of segmented sleep in early modern England. 我们缺觉了吗？对近代早期英国分段睡眠的再思考。

IF 0.9 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2023.14

Niall Boyce

引用次数: 0

MDH volume 67 issue 2 Cover and Front matter. MDH第67卷第2期封面和封面。

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2023.32

引用次数: 0

Participating in eradication: how Guinea worm redefined eradication, and eradication redefined Guinea worm, 1985-2022. 参与根除:麦地那龙线虫如何重新定义根除，以及根除如何重新定义麦地那龙线虫，1985-2022。

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2023.18

Jonathan David Roberts

{"title":"Participating in eradication: how Guinea worm redefined eradication, and eradication redefined Guinea worm, 1985-2022.","authors":"Jonathan David Roberts","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2023.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2023.18","url":null,"abstract":"Guinea worm disease (dracunculiasis) is a debilitating waterborne disease. Once widespread, it is now on the brink of eradication. However, the Guinea Worm Eradication Programme (GWEP), like guinea worm itself, has been under-studied by historians. The GWEP demonstrates an unusual model of eradication, one focused on primary healthcare (PHC), community participation, health education and behavioural change (safe drinking). The PHC movement collided with a waterborne disease, which required rapid but straightforward treatment to prevent transmission, creating a historical space for the emergence of village-based volunteer health workers, as local actors realigned global health policy on a local level. These Village Volunteers placed eradication in the hands of residents of endemic areas, epitomising the participation-focused nature of the GWEP. This participatory mode of eradication highlights the agency of those in endemic areas, who, through volunteering, safe drinking and community self-help, have been the driving force behind dracunculiasis eradication. In the twenty-first century, guinea worm has become firstly a problem of human mobility, as global health has struggled to contain cases in refugees and nomads, and latterly a zoonotic disease, as guinea worm has shifted hosts to become primarily a parasite of dogs. This demonstrates both the potential of One Health approaches and the need for One Health to adopt from PHC and the GWEP a focus on the health of humans and animals in isolated and impoverished areas. Guinea worm demonstrates how the biological and the historical interact, with the GWEP and guinea worm shaping each other over the course of the eradication programme.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":"67 2","pages":"148-171"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/59/1b/S0025727323000182a.PMC10404518.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10031988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0