Medical History最新文献_第3页

Thorny entanglements: feminism, eugenics and the Abortion Law Reform Association's (ALRA) campaign for safe, accessible abortion in Britain, 1936-1967. 棘手的纠葛：女权主义、优生学与堕胎法改革协会 (ALRA) 为英国安全、方便的堕胎而发起的运动，1936-1967 年。

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2024.4

Susanne Maria Klausen

{"title":"Thorny entanglements: feminism, eugenics and the Abortion Law Reform Association's (ALRA) campaign for safe, accessible abortion in Britain, 1936-1967.","authors":"Susanne Maria Klausen","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2024.4","DOIUrl":"10.1017/mdh.2024.4","url":null,"abstract":"For the past two decades anti-abortionists in the Global North have been aggressively instrumentalising disability in order to undermine women's social autonomy, asserting, falsely, there is an insuperable conflict between disability rights and reproductive rights. The utilisation of disability in struggles over abortion access is not new, it has a history dating back to the interwar era. Indeed, decades before anti-abortionists' campaign, feminists invoked disability to expand access to safe abortion. This paper examines the feminist eugenics in the first organisation dedicated to liberalising restrictive abortion laws, the Abortion Law Reform Association (ALRA), established in England in 1936. ALRA played a vital role in the passage of the Abortion Act 1967 (or the Act) that greatly expanded the grounds for legal abortion, a hugely important gain for women in Britain and beyond seeking legal, safe abortions. In addition, the Act permitted eugenic abortion, which also had transnational effects: within a decade, jurisdictions in numerous Commonwealth countries passed abortion laws that incorporated the Act's eugenics clause, sometimes verbatim. This essay analyses ALRA's role in codifying eugenics in the Abortion Act 1967 and argues that from the outset, ALRA was simultaneously a feminist and eugenist association. Initially, ALRA prioritized their feminist commitment to 'voluntary motherhood' in their campaign whereas starting in the 1940s, they subordinated feminism to negative eugenics, a shift that was simultaneously strategic and a reflection of genuine concern to prevent the birth of children with disabilities.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11046009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140143756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

MDH volume 68 issue 1 Cover and Front matter. MDH 第 68 卷第 1 期封面和封底。

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2024.16

引用次数: 0

Smallpox Geographies: vaccination, borders and Indigenous peoples in Australia's coastal north. 天花地理：澳大利亚北部沿海地区的疫苗接种、边界和土著居民。

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2023.39

Chi Chi Huang, Alison Bashford

{"title":"Smallpox Geographies: vaccination, borders and Indigenous peoples in Australia's coastal north.","authors":"Chi Chi Huang, Alison Bashford","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2023.39","DOIUrl":"10.1017/mdh.2023.39","url":null,"abstract":"Australia's approach to its biosecurity and borders has always been two-pronged - quarantine first, vaccination second. This article asks what this combination looked like in practice by exploring two neglected smallpox vaccination campaigns directed towards Indigenous peoples in the early twentieth century. We argue these were important campaigns because they were the first two pre-emptive, rather than reactionary, vaccination programs directed towards First Nations people. Second, both episodes occurred in Australia's northern coastline, where the porous maritime geography and proximity to Southeast Asia posed a point of vulnerability for Australian health officials. While smallpox was never endemic, (though epidemic), in Australia, it was endemic at various times and places across Southeast Asia. This shifting spectre of smallpox along the northern coastline was made even more acute for state and federal health officials because of the existing polyethnic relationships, communities, and economies. By vaccinating Indigenous peoples in this smallpox geography, they were envisioned and embedded into a 'hygienic' border for the protection of white Australia, entwining the two-prongs as one approach. In this article, we place public health into a recent scholarship that has 'turned the map upside down' to re-spatialise Australia's history and geography to the north and its global connections, while demonstrating how particular coastlines and their connections were drawn into a national imaginary through a health lens.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11046008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140143828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

'A sad inheritance of misery': the cultural life of hereditary scrofula in eighteenth-century England. 悲惨的遗产"：十八世纪英格兰遗传性瘰疬的文化生活。

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2023.37

Noelle Dückmann Gallagher

{"title":"'A sad inheritance of misery': the cultural life of hereditary scrofula in eighteenth-century England.","authors":"Noelle Dückmann Gallagher","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2023.37","DOIUrl":"10.1017/mdh.2023.37","url":null,"abstract":"This essay argues that scrofula was one of several disorders, including gout, rickets, and venereal disease, that were 'rebranded' as hereditary in response to broader cultural changes that took place during the Restoration and eighteenth century in England. While the purposes of scrofula's recategorisation were more political than medical, they resulted in this heretofore relatively obscure childhood ailment assuming a new prominence within both medical and popular discourses of the period. Scrofula became both emblem and proof of the links between sexual promiscuity, financial profligacy, and physiological degeneration, its symbolic status reinforced by the legal and moral language used to model processes of hereditary transmission. By likening the inheritance of scrofula to the inheritance of original sin-or, more commonly, to the inheritance of a 'docked entail' or damaged estate-eighteenth-century writers and artists not only made this non-inherited ailment into a sign of catastrophic hereditary decline; they also paved the way for scrofula to be identified as a disease of aristocratic vice, even though its association with crowded, unsanitary living conditions likely made it more common among the poor. By the same token, financial models of disease inheritance facilitated a bias toward paternal transmission, with scrofula often portrayed as passing, like a title or an estate, from father to son rather than from mother to daughter.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11046006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140131859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Work, marriage and premature birth: the sociomedicalisation of pregnancy in state socialist East-Central Europe - ERRATUM. 工作、婚姻与早产：东欧-中欧社会主义国家的怀孕社会医学化 - ERRATUM.

IF 0.9 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2024.1

Kateřina Lišková, Natalia Jarska, Annina Gagyiova, José Luis Aguilar López-Barajas, Šárka Caitlín Rábová

引用次数: 0

Spanish-French leech trade and its consequences: From the increase in medical demand to resource depletion and technical innovation. 西班牙-法国水蛭贸易及其后果：从医疗需求增长到资源枯竭和技术创新。

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2024.5

Damián Copena, María Gómez-Martín

引用次数: 0

The power of the 'universal': caste and missionary medical discourses of alcoholism in the Telugu print sphere, 1900-1940. “普世”的力量：1900-1940年泰卢固语印刷界关于酗酒的种姓和传教士医学论述。

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2023.30

Tarangini Sriraman

{"title":"The power of the 'universal': caste and missionary medical discourses of alcoholism in the Telugu print sphere, 1900-1940.","authors":"Tarangini Sriraman","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2023.30","DOIUrl":"10.1017/mdh.2023.30","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores missionary medical discourses in three Telugu journals published in the early twentieth century, to analyse how caste pivoted denunciations of alcohol, especially toddy and arrack, in the Madras Presidency and the Hyderabad state. It argues that one women's missionary journal, Vivekavathi, deployed medical knowledge to formulate subtle and occasionally explicit condemnations of toddy and arrack as unclean and unhealthy substances. The journal relied on universal medical and missionary, British and American knowledge frameworks to mark out Dalits and other marginalised castes as consumers of these local beverages. This stigma was conjured through medical narratives of marginalised castes as lacking in the knowledge of alcohol's relation to digestion, toddy's role in ruining maternal and child nutrition, the unhygienic environment of arrack shops and their propensity to 'alcoholism'. However, this article also traces counter-caste voices who too invoked 'the power of the universal' to dispel caste stigma against marginalised castes. While both sets of voices deployed medical 'enslavement' to alcohol as an interpretive move, they differed in their social imperatives and political imaginaries, defined in caste terms. This article explores a third set of implications of the term 'universal' by analysing global medico-missionary narratives of alcohol in two other Telugu journals. On a methodological plane, this article also pushes for a hybrid reading of what counts for 'scientific instruction', where hymns, catechisms, parables and allegories are considered alongside conventional scientific experiments. In that sense, it upholds vernacular missionary publications as an invaluable resource for the social history of medicine.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10593978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41204548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Work, marriage and premature birth: the socio-medicalisation of pregnancy in state socialist East-Central Europe. 工作、婚姻和早产：东欧国家社会主义国家对怀孕的社会医学化。

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2023.28

Kateřina Lišková, Natalia Jarska, Annina Gagyiova, José Luis Aguilar López-Barajas, Šárka Caitlín Rábová

引用次数: 0

Trained Army Nurses in Colonial India: Early Experiences and Challenges. 殖民地印度训练有素的陆军护士：早期经验和挑战。

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2023.31

Preethi Mariam George, John Bosco Lourdusamy

{"title":"Trained Army Nurses in Colonial India: Early Experiences and Challenges.","authors":"Preethi Mariam George, John Bosco Lourdusamy","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2023.31","DOIUrl":"10.1017/mdh.2023.31","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper examines the introduction of trained female nurses for the British army men in colonial India between 1888 and 1920. It discusses the genesis of the Indian Nursing Service (INS), including the background and negotiations leading up to its formation, terms of employment, duties and working conditions of the nursing sisters. The memoir of Catharine Grace Loch, who served as the first Chief Lady Superintendent of the service is used extensively to trace the early experiences and challenges of the nursing sisters. The paper primarily argues that the INS being a new service, the colonial government maintained tight control over its functioning, and extreme conservatism in spending, thus retarding the growth of professional army nursing in India. Secondly, in examining the relations between the sisters and the (male) nursing orderlies, sub-medical and medical officers, the paper argues that the inadequate delineation of the nursing sisters’ position in the military medical hierarchy was an important reason for the undermining of their expertise and status. Thirdly, the paper contends that as an all-women service, nursing constituted an important avenue of female agency within the patriarchal colonial establishment, which subjected the sisters to scrutiny both professionally and socially. The paper analyses the resultant conditions and regulations imposed on the sisters – most of them determined by gender and class notions. Finally, the paper discusses the gradual establishment and recognition of the service as an important cornerstone for the health of the army, while highlighting the shortcomings that yet persisted up until 1920.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10616692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41204549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

MDH volume 67 issue 4 Cover and Front matter. MDH第67卷第4期封面和封面。

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2023.34

引用次数: 0