Medical History最新文献_第3页

The making of a controversy: The Hansen-Neisser debate revisited. 争论的产生：汉森-奈瑟辩论的重访。

IF 1.1 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2026-05-12 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2026.10063

Meinrad Pohl

引用次数: 0

Nursing the colonised: the politics of representation of the Western nurse in plague-stricken Bombay. 护理被殖民者：在瘟疫肆虐的孟买，西方护士的政治代表。

IF 1.1 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2026-04-24 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2026.10061

Rinu Koshy

{"title":"Nursing the colonised: the politics of representation of the Western nurse in plague-stricken Bombay.","authors":"Rinu Koshy","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2026.10061","DOIUrl":"10.1017/mdh.2026.10061","url":null,"abstract":"The 1896 Bombay plague outbreak prompted the colonial government to recruit trained British nurses from England to serve the afflicted Indians of the Presidency. Studying this relatively under-explored aspect of British colonial nursing, this paper examines the politics of representation of the Western, non-military nurses serving the colonised Other through nineteenth-century periodical accounts and personal letters of a nurse stationed in Bombay. Owing to the popularity of British periodicals and the significant role they played in shaping public debates in the Metropole, periodical plague literature portrayed Western nurses as spokespersons for the Empire's benevolent rule in Bombay. Contrarily, the intimacy and confidentiality of letter-writing allowed nurses to offer a more nuanced and critical account of life and work in Bombay. The paper contends that the non-military Western nurse's medical career, mobility, and financial stability framed her multidimensional identity, which was further defined by the intersecting issues of race, class, gender and culture she encountered in Bombay. Comparing their varied portrayals in the periodicals and the letters, the paper argues that the politics of representation of women's lives were influenced by both their sociopolitical subjectivities and the narrative forms through which they articulated their experiences.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13311344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

'Opening' the closed method: military-civilian exchanges and transatlantic circulations in Manuel Bastos' early work on compound fractures (1909-24). “打开”封闭方法：曼努埃尔巴斯托斯早期复合性骨折研究中的军民交流和跨大西洋循环（1909-24）。

IF 1.1 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2026-04-24 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2026.10060

Francisco Javier Martinez, Carlos Murillo-Arribas

{"title":"'Opening' the closed method: military-civilian exchanges and transatlantic circulations in Manuel Bastos' early work on compound fractures (1909-24).","authors":"Francisco Javier Martinez, Carlos Murillo-Arribas","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2026.10060","DOIUrl":"10.1017/mdh.2026.10060","url":null,"abstract":"The closed method for the treatment of compound fractures of the limbs emerged and popularised during the interwar period. The historiography on this procedure sustains an essentially Anglo-Saxon narrative focusing on contributions by the American surgeon Winnett H. Orr during the First World War and the Spanish Josep Trueta during the Spanish Civil War and his exile in Britain. This paper aims to 'open' this story by reconstructing the early work of another Spanish surgeon: Manuel Bastos. Although originally an army medical officer, Bastos specialised in the treatment of limb fractures in a dual military-civilian context. On the one hand, during successive assignments to the Spanish Protectorate in Morocco, he familiarised with the management of gunshot wounds. On the other hand, he specialised in the treatment of tuberculosis humerus fractures in children at the Instituto Rubio in Madrid. The visit to Spain of the Argentinian surgeon Pedro Chutró, who had acquired a great prestige in First World War Paris for his approach to fractures and osteomyelitis, and the escalation of the Moroccan campaigns to the so-called Rif War (1921-27) gave Bastos the opportunity, the idea, and the courage to develop a closed treatment of humerus fractures in soldiers. Chutró's influence on Bastos persisted in the context of the Hispano-Americanist policy embraced in mid-twentieth-century Spain. Ultimately, this study questions the understanding of the closed method as a single, univocally traceable procedure, suggesting instead parallel versions emerging in different sites and transforming themselves and influencing each other as they circulated globally.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":" ","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13311342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The 'Spanish' influenza pandemic: new evidence for influenza outbreaks in England and France prior to 1918. “西班牙”流感大流行：1918年前英国和法国流感爆发的新证据。

IF 1.1 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2026-04-22 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2025.10053

Douglas Gill, John Oxford

{"title":"The 'Spanish' influenza pandemic: new evidence for influenza outbreaks in England and France prior to 1918.","authors":"Douglas Gill, John Oxford","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2025.10053","DOIUrl":"10.1017/mdh.2025.10053","url":null,"abstract":"The Spanish influenza pandemic of 1918 caused well over fifty million deaths. The epicentre undoubtedly was China, where gene mixing of different virus strains occurred amongst aquatic, migrant birds. But where and when did the virus first infect (or spill over to) a human being? We take, as our starting point, a paper demonstrating that an infection causing the same symptoms as the influenza virus was widespread in New York during the winter of 1917-1918. The authors of that paper went on to suggest that the virus had probably reached North America from Europe, in the context of troop movement during World War I. Our own researches have focussed on this point. We show that outbreaks of serious respiratory disease, local in nature but causing unusual patterns of mortality, were indeed reported by scientists and doctors in army hospitals in England and in France, well before the first wave of the pandemic had arrived. We use the records of these hospitals, now held in the National Archives, to trace the progress of this disease amongst the individuals who fell ill. We examine contemporary reactions to this minor epidemic - an epidemic, we suggest, which acted as a herald wave of the pandemic yet to come. The latter part of our paper addresses the second question, as to how troop movement across the North Atlantic, once the United States had entered into war, may well have enabled the virus to spread from Europe to North America.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13311354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Before thalidomide: Heinrich Mückter and the Nazi typhus complex. 在沙利度胺之前：海因里希·米<e:1>克特和纳粹斑疹伤寒复合体。

IF 1.1 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2026-04-20 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2026.10059

Lukas Frank, Dominik Groß, Nico Biermanns

{"title":"Before thalidomide: Heinrich Mückter and the Nazi typhus complex.","authors":"Lukas Frank, Dominik Groß, Nico Biermanns","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2026.10059","DOIUrl":"10.1017/mdh.2026.10059","url":null,"abstract":"The physician and chemist Heinrich Mückter (1914-87) is widely known for his role in developing thalidomide at Grünenthal, whose market launch led to one of the most serious pharmaceutical scandals in history. Less scholarly attention has been paid, however, to his involvement in Nazi Germany's typhus control and vaccine research and production between 1942 and 1945. Drawing on a variety of historical sources, this article reconstructs his work at a delousing facility in the Białystok District and at the Institute for Typhus and Virus Research of the German Army High Command in Krakow under hygienist Hermann Eyer (1906-97). We show that Mückter participated in a racially framed typhus control programme and in ethically dubious vaccine production methods. He also conducted unethical and methodologically questionable vaccine experiments on human beings in Krakow, including underage test subjects and exploiting the structural vulnerability of the occupied Polish population. In addition, we reassess assumptions about cooperation between Eyer's Wehrmacht institute and the research station at Buchenwald concentration camp under SS physician Erwin Ding-Schuler (1912-45). Taken together, we argue that Mückter operated within a broader network of civilian and military scientists, health officials, and representatives of the pharmaceutical industry who accelerated the erosion of ethical boundaries in biomedical research and contributed to an exterminatory health and population policy in the occupied East. These practices, termed the 'Nazi typhus complex', reveal how preventive medicine, biomedical research, and exterminatory policies were intertwined in the context of an anti-Slavic war of annihilation and the Holocaust.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":" ","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13311347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147723353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The anatomy theatre and the slaughterhouse: emotion, vivisection, and the disciplines of medicine in the experimental practices of Charles Bell. 解剖剧场和屠宰场：查尔斯·贝尔实验实践中的情感、活体解剖和医学学科。

IF 1.1 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2026-04-06 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2026.10058

James Bradley

{"title":"The anatomy theatre and the slaughterhouse: emotion, vivisection, and the disciplines of medicine in the experimental practices of Charles Bell.","authors":"James Bradley","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2026.10058","DOIUrl":"10.1017/mdh.2026.10058","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines Charles Bell's experimental practices by drawing historiographical attention away from the priority disputes over the spinal nerve functions for which he was most famous. I argue that Bell's primary research interest was the expression of emotions. To this end, he developed a programme of vivisection that explored the underlying mechanisms of emotion. However, this also resulted in a profound contradiction between his experimental practices and his worldview - conducting painful experiments on beloved animals despite moral revulsion towards animal experimentation. This opens up three interconnected areas. Firstly, it allows an exploration of disciplinary identity in medicine, particularly the way that disciplines demanded specific practices and behaviours. Secondly, vivisection more generally required methods and ethics that opposed the growing anti-cruelty voice. Here, a combination of animal choice and the importation of techniques from the slaughterhouses was critical. Thirdly, vivisectors navigated a complex emotional landscape between their professional obligations and broader cultural sensibilities. These three areas are linked together using Boddice's concept of moral economies, the affective frameworks that structured feelings. Particularly important were the sentimental and Romantic economies, both of which impacted Bell and his research. At the same time, Bell always struggled to reconcile the tensions between his disciplinary identity and his sentimental and Romantic beliefs, ultimately leading him to abandon experimentation after his assistant John Shaw's death. I conclude by identifying the guarantees provided by character for licensing ostensibly cruel behaviours, thus allowing for the maintenance of probity within competing moral economies.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13311338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147623297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Introduction to the special issue: Global South histories of madness - new perspectives on mental troubles and psychiatry from Latin America and Africa in the 19th and 20th centuries. 特刊导言：全球南方疯狂史——19世纪和20世纪拉丁美洲和非洲精神问题和精神病学的新视角。

IF 1.1 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2026.10056

Irène Favier, Romain Tiquet

引用次数: 0

MDH volume 70 issue 2 Cover and Front matter. MDH第70卷第2期封面和封面问题。

IF 1.1 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-16 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2026.10065

引用次数: 0

From the traditional account to an 'off-centred history' of the mental hygiene movement: the question of the international (1908-1939). 从精神卫生运动的传统叙述到“偏离中心的历史”：国际问题（1908-1939）。

IF 1.1 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2025.10036

Hernán Scholten

{"title":"From the traditional account to an 'off-centred history' of the mental hygiene movement: the question of the international (1908-1939).","authors":"Hernán Scholten","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2025.10036","DOIUrl":"10.1017/mdh.2025.10036","url":null,"abstract":"The best known historical narrative of the international mental hygiene movement among English-speaking audiences locates its origins in the publication of A Mind That Found Itself, the autobiographical account of Clifford Beers (1876-1943), a Yale graduate and former psychiatric patient. The success of the book is thought to have prompted the creation of the first Society for Mental Hygiene in Connecticut in 1908. Beers' biography, published as Advocate for the Insane in 1980, contends that mental hygiene abroad developed from seeds first sown in the USA and subsequently in Canada.This article offers a critical reappraisal of that narrative and advances an alternative framework for understanding the history of the international mental hygiene movement during the first half of the twentieth century. It draws on a body of scholarship, emerging since the 1980s, that has sought to decentre the prevailing account, exposing the multiplicity of forces at work in a history that diverges from any straightforward, linear trajectory radiating from a single point of origin.By tracing this decentred history, the article highlights the contested nature of the 'international' in the context of the mental hygiene movement. Case studies from the USA, France, Brazil, and Argentina reveal both the conflicts it engendered and the diverse meanings and significance it assumed within distinct national settings.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":" ","pages":"213-235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13121800/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145677940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Disparate emotions? The play of emotions in clinical histories and patients' letters (Pinel Sanatorium, SP/Brazil - 1929-1944). 不同的情绪吗?临床病史和病人信件中情绪的作用（巴西皮内尔疗养院，SP - 1929-1944）。

IF 1.1 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2025.10037

Yonissa Marmitt Wadi

{"title":"Disparate emotions? The play of emotions in clinical histories and patients' letters (Pinel Sanatorium, SP/Brazil - 1929-1944).","authors":"Yonissa Marmitt Wadi","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2025.10037","DOIUrl":"10.1017/mdh.2025.10037","url":null,"abstract":"The Pinel Sanatorium, the brainchild of Doctor Antonio Carlos Pacheco e Silva, a leading figure in Brazilian psychiatry, was inaugurated in 1929 in São Paulo as a private institution. It operated until 1944, during which time it recorded approximately 4,500 hospitalisations. In 30 psychiatric records, in addition to the usual clinical records, such as the Psychiatric Examination - in which the doctor records the elements he deems essential for identifying the mental illness from different sources of information, such as those provided by family members - attachments were found containing letters and short texts written by the inpatients. Addressed to different people, these letters, which were retained and evaluated by the doctors, played a central role in assessing the psychiatric conditions of the inmates. However, by being considered historical sources that reveal the 'point of view' of the mad, these documents are fundamental to the development of innovative approaches in the field of the history of madness and psychiatry. Based on the articulation between the context in which these records were produced, the social markers of difference that constitute the subjects, as well as the emotions expressed by the people who wrote them, the article sets out to answer two questions: (1) How the emotions expressed - both by the inmates and by their loved ones - were interpreted by psychiatrists and used to formulate diagnoses, and to define treatments and prognoses; (2) What meanings these emotions took on for the inmates themselves, in other words, how they put their experiences and subjectivities on display.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":" ","pages":"293-313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13121801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145970435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0