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Surface contamination induced by warm severe surface peening using 100C6 steel and ZrO2 shots 用100C6钢和ZrO2喷丸进行表面强化热处理引起的表面污染
IF 2.2
Materials Letters: X Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100245
Y Austernaud , M Novelli , T.H. Kauffmann , P Bocher , T Grosdidier
{"title":"Surface contamination induced by warm severe surface peening using 100C6 steel and ZrO2 shots","authors":"Y Austernaud ,&nbsp;M Novelli ,&nbsp;T.H. Kauffmann ,&nbsp;P Bocher ,&nbsp;T Grosdidier","doi":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sample surface contamination induced during Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment (SMAT) was studied after peening treatments carried out with 100C6 steel and ZrO<sub>2</sub> zirconia shots at room temperature, 523 K, and 773 K. All constituting parts of the treatment device (sonotrode, chamber, shots) contributed to sample surface contamination. Increasing the SMAT temperature led to a higher surface contamination with bigger contaminant debris as well as sample surface oxidation. In particular, several ZrO<sub>2</sub> shots were fragmented at 773 K due to a phase transformation embrittlement under warm condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18245,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters: X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100245"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Formation of Mn4Si7 thin films by solid-phase ion-plasma method and improvement of their thermoelectric and electrophysical properties 固相离子等离子体法制备Mn4Si7薄膜及其热电和电物理性能的改善
IF 2.6
Materials Letters: X Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100254
M.T. Normuradov , I.R. Bekpulatov , V.V. Klechkovskaya , Kim Ki Buem , B.D. Igamov , M.S. Lukasov , Gunel Imanova , E.A. Kerimov , Sh.A. Zeynalov
{"title":"Formation of Mn4Si7 thin films by solid-phase ion-plasma method and improvement of their thermoelectric and electrophysical properties","authors":"M.T. Normuradov ,&nbsp;I.R. Bekpulatov ,&nbsp;V.V. Klechkovskaya ,&nbsp;Kim Ki Buem ,&nbsp;B.D. Igamov ,&nbsp;M.S. Lukasov ,&nbsp;Gunel Imanova ,&nbsp;E.A. Kerimov ,&nbsp;Sh.A. Zeynalov","doi":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, Mn<sub>4</sub>Si<sub>7</sub> thermoelectric thin films were deposited on Si(111) and SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si(111) substrates via magnetron sputtering, and their microstructural as well as electrical temperature-dependent properties were thoroughly investigated. The as-deposited films at room temperature exhibited an amorphous structure, which underwent a phase transition to a polycrystalline state upon annealing at 800 K. This annealing process resulted in a significant reduction of surface defects and the formation of a continuous film composed of nanocrystallites with dimensions in the range of 50–100 nm. The presence of the SiO<sub>2</sub> dielectric layer on the substrate induced distinct variations in the film’s microstructure and density, which in turn affected its electrical resistivity and thermoelectric performance. The enhancement of thermoelectric properties observed during the amorphous-to-crystalline phase transition is attributed to the selective scattering mechanism of charge carriers at nanocluster boundaries. These findings provide a critical foundation for achieving high-performance Mn<sub>4</sub>Si<sub>7</sub>-based thermoelectric thin films and expand their potential applications in thermoelectric devices, paving the way for the development of next-generation energy conversion materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18245,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters: X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100254"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to “Semiconducting polymer-MXene blends with improved charge carrier mobilities and their application in field-effect transistors” [Mater. Lett: X 25 (2025) 100244] “改善载流子迁移率的半导体聚合物- mxene共混物及其在场效应晶体管中的应用”的勘误[Mater]。通知：x25 (2025) 100244]
IF 2.6
Materials Letters: X Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100247
Jurij Urbančič , Huanhuan Shi , Ali Shaygan Nia , Egon Pavlica
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Semiconducting polymer-MXene blends with improved charge carrier mobilities and their application in field-effect transistors” [Mater. Lett: X 25 (2025) 100244]","authors":"Jurij Urbančič ,&nbsp;Huanhuan Shi ,&nbsp;Ali Shaygan Nia ,&nbsp;Egon Pavlica","doi":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100247","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18245,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters: X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Advanced imaging of gas diffusion layers: A comparison between focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy and X-ray computed tomography 气体扩散层的高级成像：聚焦离子束扫描电子显微镜与x射线计算机断层扫描的比较
IF 2.2
Materials Letters: X Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100250
Hossein Pourrahmani , Thomas B. Ferriday , Raha Razmara , Hossein Madi , Jan Van herle
{"title":"Advanced imaging of gas diffusion layers: A comparison between focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy and X-ray computed tomography","authors":"Hossein Pourrahmani ,&nbsp;Thomas B. Ferriday ,&nbsp;Raha Razmara ,&nbsp;Hossein Madi ,&nbsp;Jan Van herle","doi":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the advances in clean technologies, the role of fuel cells and batteries is becoming increasingly vital. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are known to be the best candidates for low-temperature and portable operations, such as hydrogen cars. The efficiency and longevity of these fuel cells can be feasible through detailed microstructural analysis. In this regard, advanced imaging techniques are being used to visualize the structure of the different layers of PEMFCs including the membrane, catalyst layer, and gas diffusion layer. This study’s focus and novelty is to compare the focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy and X-ray Computed Tomography scanning for the microstructural imaging of the GDL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18245,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters: X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Yttria stabilized-Zirconia based sub-ppb level acetone sensor with LaBaSn2O5+δ sensing electrode 基于LaBaSn2O5+δ传感电极的氧化钇-氧化锆亚ppb级丙酮传感器
IF 2.6
Materials Letters: X Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100256
Yue Ding , Tianling Yu , Min He , Yichen Hao , Yaning Wang , Xidong Hao
{"title":"Yttria stabilized-Zirconia based sub-ppb level acetone sensor with LaBaSn2O5+δ sensing electrode","authors":"Yue Ding ,&nbsp;Tianling Yu ,&nbsp;Min He ,&nbsp;Yichen Hao ,&nbsp;Yaning Wang ,&nbsp;Xidong Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the efficient diagnosis of diabetes via exhaled breath analysis, electrochemical acetone sensors based on mixed potential were fabricated using yttria-stabilized zirconia as the solid electrolyte and LaBaSn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>+δ as the sensing electrode (SE) material. To optimize the sensing property, we varied the sintering temperature to modify the electrocatalytic activity of LaBaSn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>+δ. Results show that LaBaSn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>+δ SE sintered at 800 °C exhibited the highest response of −31 mV when exposed to 100 ppm acetone. The detection limit reached as low as 100 ppb, and a sensitivity of −17 mV/decade was achieved across the acetone concentration range of 2–100 ppm. Additionally, the sensor exhibited excellent selectivity, repeatability, and long-term stability. The excellent sensing performance indicates that the developed acetone sensor can be used for the noninvasive diagnosis of diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18245,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters: X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100256"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Synergetic enhancement of strength and ductility by heterogeneous architecture in interpenetrating copper and graphene‑copper composite 互穿铜和石墨烯-铜复合材料的异质结构协同增强强度和延性
IF 2.6
Materials Letters: X Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100260
Shanquan Deng, Yuyin He, Meihua Bian, Junwei Zhu, Xingsen Zhang, Heng Chen
{"title":"Synergetic enhancement of strength and ductility by heterogeneous architecture in interpenetrating copper and graphene‑copper composite","authors":"Shanquan Deng,&nbsp;Yuyin He,&nbsp;Meihua Bian,&nbsp;Junwei Zhu,&nbsp;Xingsen Zhang,&nbsp;Heng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal matrix composites exhibit an obvious decrease in ductility and toughness as strength increases. Inspired by the heterostructure characteristics of biological materials, this study designs a coarse-grained/ultrafine-grained heterostructure. A copper foam/graphene‑copper (Gr-Cu) heterostructure composite is fabricated using a mixing and hot-pressing sintering process. During tensile deformation, the strain gradient introduced by the hetero-deformation between the coarse-grained copper foam and the ultrafine-grained Gr-Cu microregions enhances dislocation storage capacity. Additionally, the coarse-grained region mitigates stress concentration and blunts and deflects crack propagation. The tensile strength of the sintered heterostructure composite reaches 347.5 MPa, with an elongation of 7 %, representing a 54 % and 45 % improvement over the Gr-Cu composite, respectively, thus achieving a synergistic enhancement of strength and toughness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18245,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters: X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100260"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of austenitizing temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of medium carbon spring steel 奥氏体化温度对中碳钢组织和力学性能的影响
IF 2.6
Materials Letters: X Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100251
Qian Yu , Yuliang Zhao , Feiyu Zhao
{"title":"Effect of austenitizing temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of medium carbon spring steel","authors":"Qian Yu ,&nbsp;Yuliang Zhao ,&nbsp;Feiyu Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The influence of austenitizing temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of medium carbon spring steel was systematically studied. Microstructural characterization showed that decreasing the austenitizing temperature from 900 °C to 860 °C effectively refined prior austenite grains from 8.8 μm to 5.3 μm, reduced martensite block thickness from 0.9 μm to 0.7 μm, and increased the fraction of high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) from 70 % to 76 %. Crystallographic variant analysis revealed increased boundary densities for V1&amp;V2, V1&amp;V3(V5), V1&amp;V4, and V1&amp;V6 pairs in the 860 °C sample with refined PAGS, along with elevated frequencies of V1&amp;V3(V5) and V1&amp;V6 pairs classified as HAGBs, consistent with the K-S orientation relationship. These results demonstrate that reducing the austenitizing temperature from 900 °C to 860 °C significantly affects martensite block size, HAGB fraction, and crystallographic variant pairs, leading to enchanced yield strength from 1563 MPa to 1648 MPa and total elongation from 9.3 % to 9.7 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18245,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters: X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
TEM observation of extracted precipitates in T5 heat treated Al–Si–Mg alloy T5热处理Al-Si-Mg合金析出相的透射电镜观察
IF 2.2
Materials Letters: X Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100246
Taiki Tsuchiya , Seungwon Lee , Susumu Ikeno , Kenji Matsuda
{"title":"TEM observation of extracted precipitates in T5 heat treated Al–Si–Mg alloy","authors":"Taiki Tsuchiya ,&nbsp;Seungwon Lee ,&nbsp;Susumu Ikeno ,&nbsp;Kenji Matsuda","doi":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The precipitation behavior of an Al–6.8 %Si–0.38 %Mg cast alloy subjected to T5 heat treatment was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). At the peak aging condition of 200 °C, granular and rod-shaped precipitates were observed at the center of the dendrite. Rod-shaped precipitates were successfully extracted after aging at 250 °C for 3.6 ks. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed that the extracted precipitates had a Mg:Al:Si atomic ratio of approximately 1:4:5, consistent with previously reported Type-A precipitates. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analysis further confirmed their hexagonal crystal structure, with lattice parameters <em>a</em> = 0.405  nm and <em>c</em> = 0.67  nm. These findings indicate that Type-A precipitates, which are typically observed in excess-Si Al–Mg–Si alloys, also form in T5-treated Al–Si–Mg cast alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18245,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters: X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100246"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Quantitative method developing hydrogen standard sample for GDOES 制备GDOES氢标准样品的定量方法
IF 2.2
Materials Letters: X Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100238
Qingyang Liu, Sumia Manzoor, Yan Yan, Mohammad Tariq, Hanan Farhat, Afrooz Barnoush
{"title":"Quantitative method developing hydrogen standard sample for GDOES","authors":"Qingyang Liu,&nbsp;Sumia Manzoor,&nbsp;Yan Yan,&nbsp;Mohammad Tariq,&nbsp;Hanan Farhat,&nbsp;Afrooz Barnoush","doi":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This present study investigates the measurement of the hydrogen concentration and gradient on the surface of hydrogen charged samples using Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy (GDOES). Hydrogen measurement from GDOES suffers from atmospheric contaminations at the beginning of each measurement and hydrogen desorption on the surface also reduces the credibility of measurement. Another shortcoming is there is no calibration sample for GDOES with a known amount of hydrogen. We addressed these challenges by coating the sample with a reproducible and reliable Ni layer right after hydrogen charging. Results demonstrate a strong correlation between hydrogen intensity measured by GDOES on the deposited Ni layer and hydrogen amounts measured by thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) analysis. This correlation is a groundbreaking step toward developing calibration samples for hydrogen measurement. In this work, the hydrogen measurement validation of GDOES using TDS by examining hydrogen on hydrogen charged samples is presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18245,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters: X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100238"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of the surface-active elements on grain boundary oxidation of hot-stamped steel 表面活性元素对热冲压钢晶界氧化的影响
IF 2.2
Materials Letters: X Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100240
Y.Y. Ge, Q.L. Cui
{"title":"Effect of the surface-active elements on grain boundary oxidation of hot-stamped steel","authors":"Y.Y. Ge,&nbsp;Q.L. Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of minor surface-active alloy elements Sb and Sn on hot-stamped steel grain boundary oxidation at different coiling temperatures were studied through tube sealing and soaking. The experimental results show that with the increase of coiling temperature, the grain boundary oxidation of experimental steel gradually deepens. Minor surface-active elements such as Sb and Sn in the steel can restrain the grain boundary oxidation of hot-stamped steel during hot-rolled coiling since these elements will diffuse to the grain boundary and occupy the path of oxygen diffusion inward. Furthermore, the effect of Sn on restraining the grain boundary oxidation is more obvious than that of Sb and the reason is also analyzed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18245,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters: X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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