Materials Advances最新文献

{"title":"Gigantic enhancement of optoelectrical properties in polythiophene thin films via MoS2 nanosheet-induced aggregation and ordering","authors":"Mitu Chauhan, Anand Kumar Singh, Vivek Chaudhary, Rajiv Kumar Pandey and Arun Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1039/D4MA01087F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MA01087F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Conducting polymers (CPs), such as poly(3,3-dialkylquarterthiophene) (PQT-12), are attractive candidates for flexible thin-film electronics due to their cost-effectiveness and mechanical flexibility. However, the industrial application of CPs is limited by poor crystallinity and disordered polymer chain orientation. Herein, we report the enhancement in optical, structural, and electronic properties of PQT-12 by incorporating MoS<small>₂</small> nanosheets in the polymer matrix. The PQT-12/MoS<small>₂</small> nanocomposite exhibits improved crystallinity, molecular ordering, and charge transport properties, as evidenced by enhanced UV-visible absorption, quenched photoluminescence, and increased coherence length in X-ray diffraction. The floating-film transfer method (FTM), a scalable technique for large-area film fabrication has been used for thin film deposition. The nanocomposite film reveals a more ordered nano-fibrillar network in atomic force microscopy images, which is crucial for efficient charge transport. The charge transport has been studied by fabricating organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and Schottky diodes. The nanocomposite based OFETs have shown mobility up to 3.6 × 10<small>⁻³</small> cm V<small>⁻¹</small> s<small>⁻¹</small> with an on/off ratio of 10<small>⁴</small>, while Schottky diodes exhibit enhanced ideality factor, rectification ratio, and barrier height. These improvements are attributed to charge transfer interactions and enhanced polymer chain alignment induced by MoS<small>₂</small> nanosheets, demonstrating their potential for high-performance flexible electronics.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" 5","pages":" 1822-1830"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ma/d4ma01087f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hierarchical intrafibrillar mineralization with EGaIn nanocapsules through a one-step collagen self-assembly approach†","authors":"Kevin H. Mwangi, Yue Qu, Sengpav Tong, Xiaodan Sun, Lingyun Zhao and XiuMei Wang","doi":"10.1039/D4MA01186D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MA01186D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Inspired by nature, various engineered mineralized collagen composites have been successfully synthesized through biomimetic processes, providing insights into the underlying mechanisms of natural biomineralization. Due to its low toxicity, EGaIn liquid metal has garnered attention in a wide range of emerging areas and is increasingly being studied at the frontiers. Collagen fibrils serve as templates for the creation of modern models of intrafibrillar biomineralization mechanisms. In order to create a potent osteoinductive biomimetic, this study looked at the collagen-EGaIn matrix adoption in intrafibrillar biomineralization of collagen matrix constructs. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that intrafibrillar mineralization of PEG-EGaIn-Col-Ap matrices was achieved <em>via</em> a one-step approach, where collagen fibrils served as a templating matrix, and as a surfactant. The result showed that PEG-EGaIn nanocapsules with collagen microfibrils formed an efficient matrix for the growth of acicular apatite. Electron microscopy and characterization analyses revealed that the presence of ethanol significantly enhanced the infiltration of mineral nucleation precursors into the interior spaces of collagen fibrils, which facilitated hierarchical intrafibrillar mineralization. The integration of novel materials holds promise for enhancing the osteogenic properties of these biomaterials, ultimately contributing to improved orthopedic treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" 6","pages":" 1914-1930"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ma/d4ma01186d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pressure-induced multi-functional property analysis of lead-free tin based halide perovskites ASnCl3 (A = Ga, In, Tl) for advanced optoelectronic applications†","authors":"Md. Ratul Hasan, Imtiaz Ahamed Apon, Md. Mafidul Islam, Asab Uzzaman Azad, Md. Solayman and Md. Salman Haque","doi":"10.1039/D5MA00039D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5MA00039D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This work examines the structural, electrical, and optical characteristics of lead-free tin-based halide perovskites, ASnCl<small>₃</small> (A = Ga, In, and Tl), as environmentally friendly substitutes for lead-based perovskites in solar applications. Hydrostatic pressures ranging from 0 to 8 GPa cause all three compounds – GaSnCl<small>₃</small>, InSnCl<small>₃</small>, and TlSnCl<small>₃</small> – to display a 3D-cubic perovskite structure. When pressure is applied, lattice parameters and unit cell volumes decrease as follows. For GaSnCl<small>₃</small>, they decrease from 5.554 Å and 171.346 A<small>³</small> to 5.161 Å and 137.515 A<small>³</small>; for InSnCl<small>₃</small>, they are from 5.568 Å and 172.623 A<small>³</small> to 5.178 Å and 138.891 A<small>³</small>; and for TlSnCl<small>₃</small>, they are from 5.573 Å and 173.146 A<small>³</small> to 5.184 Å and 139.352 A<small>³</small>. This suggests that the structure is stable under compression. These compound's formation enthalpies attest to their thermodynamic stability over the investigated pressure range. All three Sn-based compounds exhibit a direct bandgap at 0 GPa, and as pressure increases the band gap decreases, which suggests a tunable electronic structure. TlSnCl<small>₃</small> demonstrates a significant change from semiconductor to metallic behavior at higher pressures. The optical absorption spectra of the materials shift towards longer wavelengths (redshift) as pressure increases, enhancing the light absorption capabilities of these compounds. The compounds exhibit enhanced mechanical stability and ductility with increasing pressure, as indicated by their bulk, shear, and Young's modulus. Poisson's ratio values for these materials are in the range of 0.372 to 0.441 for GaSCl<small>₃</small>, 0.355 to 0.418 for InSnCl<small>₃</small>, and 0.349 to 0.413 for TlSnCl<small>₃</small>, which highlights their ductile nature. GaSnCl<small>₃</small>, InSnBr<small>₃</small>, and TlSnCl<small>₃</small> exhibit diamagnetic behavior both under normal conditions and with increased pressure. Thermal conductivity and stability are enhanced with increased pressure, making these materials suitable for high-temperature applications. The ability to tune the properties of these compounds through pressure makes them promising candidates for next-generation optoelectronic devices, energy storage, and conversion systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" 5","pages":" 1794-1821"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ma/d5ma00039d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facile, selective and cost-effective detection of creatinine from human urine using a cyclometalated dinuclear iridium(iii) complex through creatinine-triggered emission†","authors":"Pramod C. Raichure, Bharat Kaushik, Annu Agarwal and Inamur Rahaman Laskar","doi":"10.1039/D4MA01084A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MA01084A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A new cyclometalated oxalyl-bridged dinuclear iridium(<small>III</small>)-based phosphorescent complex (<strong>M3</strong>) was synthesized, which detected creatinine in the solid phase by increasing the emission intensity with a blue shift. The probe <strong>M3</strong> was synthesized in a straightforward synthetic route by forming a dichloro-bridged iridium(<small>III</small>) intermediate. The creatinine detection process was developed on a low-cost filter paper strip impregnated with <strong>M3</strong>, and it was successfully tested on human urine samples. It was observed that the probe was highly selective towards creatinine, and no response was observed with most of the other components present in human urine. Furthermore, the mechanism of creatinine detection was rationally explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" 6","pages":" 1950-1958"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ma/d4ma01084a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of bovine serum albumin (BSA) variants on the photophysical and biological properties of a NIR-responsive BSA–indocyanine green complex†","authors":"Jayashree Roy, Devendra Tiwari, Sahely Saha, Raviraj Vankayala, Shanmuga Sharan Rathnam Vuppaladadium, Abhijeet Joshi and Indranil Banerjee","doi":"10.1039/D5MA00066A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5MA00066A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this study, we have investigated the effect of variants of BSA on the NIR-induced phototherapeutic performance of the BSA–ICG complex to identify the best BSA variant for complexing with ICG. Three variants of BSA, namely BSA-A7030 (protease, fatty acid, and globulin free), BSA-A3059 (protease &amp; globulin free), and BSA-A3294 (only protease free), were chosen. UV-vis-NIR absorption, fluorescence, and CD spectroscopy studies showed no significant difference in the spectra of all the BSAs, but in the presence of Cu<small>²⁺</small>, a differential reactivity of the three BSA variants was noticed. The biophysical study of the BSA–ICG complexes (1 : 1 molar ratio) showed that post-binding, there was a significant red shift of the ICG peak (both absorption and fluorescence) for BSA-A7030 with a widening of the excitation–emission hotspot. The photothermal properties of the BSA–ICG complexes under NIR (808 nm) exposure were similar to those of free ICG, whereas the photodynamic property increases for BSA-A3059. All the BSA–ICG complexes were found to be cytocompatible when tested with the NIH 3T3 cell line <em>in vitro</em>. The effect of the BSA type on the 808 nm NIR-mediated phototherapeutic properties of the BSA–ICG complex was tested <em>in vitro</em> on lung cancer cell line A549 (2D model) and a 3D osteosarcoma spheroid model. The study showed a NIR-induced cytoskeletal disruption of A549 cells with maximum damage caused by the BSA-A7030–ICG complex. The same complex was found to show the highest phototherapeutic effect on the 3D spheroid model. This study implied that an appropriate BSA variant is crucial for BSA–ICG complex-mediated NIR phototherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" 5","pages":" 1621-1634"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ma/d5ma00066a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass transfer kinetics of Cr(vi) adsorption on a green mussel shell-polyethersulfone membrane","authors":"Mohamad Ali Fulazzaky, Nur Atikah Abdul Salim, Mohd Hafiz Puteh, Tiffany Messer, Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman, Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, Juhana Jaafar and Mukhlis A. Rahman","doi":"10.1039/D4MA01068J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MA01068J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Cr(<small>VI</small>) is toxic to human health and aquatic life, requiring removal from contaminated water. Green mussel shells incorporated into a polyethersulfone (GMSPES) membrane were designed to create a flat sheet adsorptive membrane crossflow treatment permeator (FSAMCFTP) to remove Cr(<small>VI</small>) from a synthetic solution (SS). The physicochemical properties of the GMSPES membrane were verified using a scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, and water contact angle goniometer. The adsorption capacities of GMSPES0.5, GMSPES1.0 and GMSPES1.5 were found to be as high as 13.41, 15.24 and 10.84 mg g<small>⁻¹</small>, respectively. The numerical simulation of data using generalized Fulazzaky equations enabled the prediction of the mechanisms and kinetics of external, internal and global mass transfers for the adsorption of Cr(<small>VI</small>) on the GMSPES membrane. Comparison of external and internal mass transfers facilitated the determination of mass transfer resistance, with the internal mass transfer rate beginning at 0.16 h, while the external mass transfer rate dominated for 3.00 h of the experiment. The verification of Cr(<small>VI</small>) adsorption by the GMSPES membrane with different GMS/PES ratios provides a comprehensive understanding of the FSAMCFTP process, contributing to the advancement of adsorptive membrane technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" 5","pages":" 1695-1709"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ma/d4ma01068j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of low-shrinkage eco-friendly composite materials for the DLP 3D printing technique","authors":"Wei-Chun Lin, Jui-Fu Tang, Chia-Cheng Cheng, Chia-Chien Kuo and Wei-Hsuan Hung","doi":"10.1039/D4MA00722K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MA00722K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >3D printing technology has emerged as a production method in the past ten years and has attracted great attention in the market. Among various printing systems, digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing has extremely high planar resolution with a smooth sample surface, which is the best advantage of this technology. However, this 3D printing technology currently has three major challenges that urgently need to be improved: (1) the sample has dimensional shrinkage defects after secondary light curing; (2) the mechanical properties of the printed product have a serious tendency to decrease after secondary curing; and (3) the choice of printing materials used lacks diversification. The aforementioned defects will seriously affect the yield of printed products in high-precision manufacturing. In this research, eco-friendly carbon black has been added to the photosensitive resin of DLP to form composites. The mechanical properties of the material, thermogravimetric analysis, material viscosity, surface morphology and size shrinkage were investigated. In the tensile test, the area after the yield point is also significantly prolonged, which indicates better toughness of the composite resins. Adding recycled carbon black to the material can also enhance the heat resistance and thermal stability of the resin without increasing the solution viscosity. The newly synthesized composite resin demonstrated an improved hardness without severe size shrinkage after the post UV curing process, and also provided a new solution to the issue of abandoned tires.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" 6","pages":" 1889-1898"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ma/d4ma00722k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D hierarchical rare-earth metal composite nanofiber membranes for highly durable and efficient photodegradations of organic pollutants†","authors":"Aditya Rianjanu, Sephia Amanda Muhtar, Hannah Faye M. Austria, Tarmizi Taher, Noto Susanto Gultom, Wibawa Hendra Saputera, Hutomo Suryo Wasisto, Fatwa F. Abdi, Wei-Song Hung and Januar Widakdo","doi":"10.1039/D4MA01144A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MA01144A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The use of powdered photocatalysts in wastewater treatment presents several challenges, such as difficulties in recovery, aggregation during use, and poor reusability, which limit their effectiveness in large-scale environmental applications. To address these issues, we developed sustainable and reusable photocatalytic membranes comprising three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical lanthanum-doped rare-earth metal oxide nanorods integrated onto polyacrylonitrile/polyvinylidene fluoride (PAN/PVDF) nanofibers (La-doped RE-NFs). These hybrid composite membranes were fabricated by combining electrospinning and hydrothermal synthesis methods. The La-doped RE-NFs not only possess a high surface-area-to-volume ratio but also demonstrate superior photocatalytic efficiency for removing common target organic pollutants in water (<em>i.e.</em>, Congo red (CR), methyl orange (MO), methylene blue (MB), and tetracycline (TC)). Here, the formation of the CeCO<small>₃</small>F phase has contributed to the enhanced photocatalytic performance. From the kinetic analysis of the photocatalytic degradation, the rate constant (<em>k</em>) of La-doped RE-NFs in the MB removal test is 4.3 times higher than that of their undoped counterparts. Moreover, these proposed membranes exhibit excellent reusability, with only a ∼5% reduction in degradation efficiency after five consecutive cycles. These findings highlight the potential of La-doped RE-NFs as a highly efficient and reusable photocatalytic membrane material for environmental applications, particularly in water treatment systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" 5","pages":" 1755-1768"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ma/d4ma01144a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PDMS-based flexible and conductive composite films containing modified PEDOT:PSS coated channels as a potential neural conduit†","authors":"Orhan Gokalp Buyukuysal, Busra Kilic, Cagatay Karaaslan, Dincer Gokcen, Cem Bayram and Halil Murat Aydin","doi":"10.1039/D4MA01205D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MA01205D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Neurological injuries cause the nervous system to malfunction, significantly impacting living standards. Conductive polymers aim to ensure the continuity of nervous system activities and their treatments through specially designed materials. Their soft structure, ability to combine with other polymers, load transfer capacity and biochemical composition enable them to be used in living tissues. Within the scope of this study, conductive and flexible composite films based on PEDOT:PSS aqueous dispersion (PPAD) (poly(3,4-ethylene dioxide thiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)) were synthesized and combined in different proportions using bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium (LiTFSI) salt as a chemical additive. Films were formed by pouring the PDMS polymer into a mold with a special electronic design printed with a 3D printer. Afterwards, the film channels were coated with modified PPAD and PPAD-LiTFSI by dip-coating and spin-coating methods and 1.1 mm thick composite films with channels 0.4 mm wide, 62.8 mm long and 0.1 mm deep were obtained. Several modifications including ion exchange, lyophilization, redispersion, and ethylene glycol (EG) addition have been applied to dispersions. As a consequence, particle size distribution, zeta potential, pH of dispersions, film conductivities and film biocompatibilities were modified as desired. Additionally, lyophilization and redispersion processes have been shown to mostly preserve material properties and extend the shelf life. Furthermore, analyses applied to normal materials were also conducted on samples kept for 12 months (12M), and the effects of time on the materials under different storage conditions were compared. Moreover, as a result of conductivity measurements, it was seen that the PPAD-RAL-EG had a conductivity of 4.67561 S m<small>⁻¹</small> and was among the values that can be used in nerve tissue. Finally, we investigated the <em>in vitro</em> cell culture behaviour of the films using MTT analysis, LDH analysis, ethidium bromide calcein staining and alamar blue assay with the L929 and SH-SY5Y cell lines. The composite films were found to be biocompatible. In conclusion, the shelf life of PEDOT:PSS has been extended, allowing it to be used when necessary, and a composite production and modification method that has the potential to be used in peripheral nerve injuries has been introduced to the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" 5","pages":" 1647-1666"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ma/d4ma01205d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel biocompatible multifunctional porous magnetic nanoclusters for the targeted delivery of lenvatinib towards hepatocellular carcinoma†","authors":"Saba Sohail, Alam Zeb, Ali H. Alamri, Adel Al Fatease, Ahmed A. Lahiq, Nabil K. Alruwaili, Salman Khan and Fakhar ud Din","doi":"10.1039/D4MA01101E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MA01101E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a very aggressive and deadly disease with a complicated tumor microenvironment (TME). Recently, lenvatinib (LEN) has shown effectiveness in the clinical treatment of HCC, but its limited solubility and serious adverse reactions must not be overlooked. Herein, we developed novel pluronic F127-decorated citric acid-capped, LEN-loaded porous magnetic nanoclusters (PF127/CA/LEN@pMNCs) for effective tumor targeting and toxicity reduction. PF127/CA/LEN@pMNCs were statistically optimized and characterized based on their particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency (%EE). Additionally, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed. Furthermore, advanced characterization techniques such as vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) were employed. In addition to these, <em>in vitro</em> release, hemolytic assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, cell viability and magnetic hyperthermia (MH) analyses of PF127/CA/LEN@pMNCs were performed. Cytotoxicity assay of PF127/CA/LEN@pMNCs under magnetic hyperthermia (MH) exposure conditions was also performed using H22 and Hep3B cells. The successful production of PF127/CA/LEN@pMNCs was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy and TGA analysis. The optimized PF127/CA/LEN@pMNCs demonstrated 160 nm particle size, −22.80 mV zeta potential, 98% EE, 8.9% loading capacity, hemocompatibility, superparamagnetism, and a prolonged retention time. The iron content of nanoclusters was found to be between 55.78% and 83.91%. Moreover, PF127/CA/LEN@pMNCs exhibited pH responsiveness, and they significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) reduced the cell viability of H22 and Hep3B cells. The specific absorption rate of PF127/CA/LEN@pMNCs was 10.79 W g<small>⁻¹</small> at 10 mg mL<small>⁻¹</small>, indicating their potential for MH. Additionally, significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) improved cytotoxicity of PF127/CA/LEN@pMNCs was confirmed against H22 and Hep3B cells under the influence of MH. Collectively, this novel research offers valuable insights into harnessing the diverse potentials of combining existing pharmaceuticals with metallic nanomedicine to effectively treat the intractable liver cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" 5","pages":" 1769-1787"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ma/d4ma01101e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}