Materials Advances最新文献

{"title":"Green synthesized cerium oxide nanorods using Curcuma longa extract for response surface methodology-based photocatalytic degradation application","authors":"Jawayria Najeeb, Sadia Akram, Sumaira Naeem, Hummera Rafique, Muhammad Tayyab and Zara Mukaddas","doi":"10.1039/D5MA00717H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5MA00717H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this study, green fabrication of cerium oxide (CeO<small>₂</small>) nanoparticles (CNRs) was achieved by utilizing <em>Curcuma longa</em> extract. The fabricated CNRs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It was observed that the CNRs exhibited a rod-like morphology with a mean length and width of ∼13.1 nm and 4.9 nm (assessed <em>via</em> TEM micrograph), respectively. The presence of the characteristic diffraction peak of (111) in the XRD analysis also validated the successful fabrication of CNRs. The surface functionalization of the CNRs confirmed that several functional moieties were available on the surface of the CNRs, which enhances the application potential of the CNRs. The synthesized CNRs were utilized for performing the photocatalytic degradation (PD) of norfloxacin (NFX; antibiotic pollutant) by using the response surface methodology (RSM) technique. The reaction was analyzed by utilizing statistical key regressive parameters for the development of a reaction-specific central composite design (CCD)-based model. The CCD model was further tested and validated by using the analysis of variance (ANOVA), normal probability, actual vs predicted PD% value plots, <em>etc.</em> The diagnostics and validity revealed that the quadratic model (with a <em>p</em>-value of &lt;0.0001 and an <em>R</em><small>²</small> value of 0.9285) exhibited the best fit for representing the PD of NFX. The reaction was optimized considering several criteria. The degradation value of 92.31% was acquired using a CCD-based quadratic model with the optimized parameters of reaction time = 36.31 min, CNR dose = 39.56 mg L<small>⁻¹</small>, NFX dose = 54.52 ppm, and pH = 5.26. The current study underscores the significance of green methodologies for synthesizing morphology-specific nanomaterials and using RSM for analyzing the underlying reactions in detail.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" 20","pages":" 7365-7378"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ma/d5ma00717h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145284136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transition metal oxide/chalcogenide-integrated MXene heterostructures: emerging materials for supercapacitors and water splitting","authors":"Sandra Mathew, Kalathiparambil Rajendra Pai Sunajadevi and Dephan Pinheiro","doi":"10.1039/D5MA00706B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5MA00706B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The growing global demand for sustainable energy solutions necessitates advancements in energy storage and conversion technologies, aligning with the United Nations’ sustainable development goals. MXenes, a novel class of two-dimensional (2D) materials discovered in 2011, have demonstrated immense potential in these fields. Their high surface area, expanded interlayer spacing, metallic conductivity, biocompatibility, abundant redox-active sites, and hydrophilicity make them highly promising for supercapacitors and water-splitting applications. However, MXene layers are prone to agglomeration due to hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions, which reduce the active surface area, obscure reaction sites, and hinder ion transport pathways. To overcome these challenges, hybridizing MXenes with transition metal oxides (TMOs) and transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) can effectively prevent restacking while introducing synergistic functionalities that enhance their overall properties. This review first provides an in-depth discussion on MXene/TMO and MXene/TMC composites for supercapacitors, highlighting their structural advantages and synergistic interactions. It then explores their efficiency in electrocatalytic water splitting, examining their role in enhancing reaction kinetics and overall performance. Finally, the review addresses key challenges, including large-scale synthesis, structural stability, and long-term durability, while offering future research perspectives aimed at optimizing material design, improving performance, and advancing real-world applications in energy storage and conversion.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" 20","pages":" 7207-7230"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ma/d5ma00706b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145284194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-effective carbon foam/paraffin composites for enhanced multifunctional energy conversion and storage","authors":"Arya Rahmani, Ali Mohseni Ahangar, Mahdi Maleki, Rouhollah Ahmadi and Ahmad Shokrieh","doi":"10.1039/D5MA00482A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5MA00482A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Phase change material (PCM) composites have been introduced in various application fields to optimize the balance between energy supply and consumption using renewable energy sources. However, intrinsic weaknesses of PCMs hinder their applications in industrial and residential applications. Herein, the high-strength, lightweight, highly thermally conductive, and cost-effective carbon foam (CF) was utilized as an encapsulation framework for a commercial PCM, paraffin wax (PW), <em>via</em> vacuum infiltration to overcome the limitations of PCMs. The prepared high-performance, shape-stabilized PCM composite is suitable for utilization in multiple applications, including solar thermoelectric power generators (TEGs), resistant heaters, and solar-to-heat converters. The prepared composite was installed on a water-cooled TEG to convert the light to electrical energy. When the proposed thermoelectric conversion system was irradiated with light intensities of 1700, 1800, and 1900 W m<small>⁻²</small>, the output voltages were 0.63, 0.83, and 1 V, respectively. The capability of the PCM composite as a resistance heater in energy management of residential buildings at energy peak time was investigated by applying a voltage in the test room. After seven heating/cooling cycles between 55 and 60 °C by turning on/off the voltage under a constant power of 6 W, the temperature of the test room reached comfort conditions. After completely turning off the electrical heater, the release of latent heat energy contributed to maintaining the indoor temperature under convenient conditions. Such excellent performance revealed that the prepared low-cost CF possesses high potential for application in residential heating systems. Furthermore, the high light absorption capacity of commercial CF/PW enables efficient performance in the solar to thermal conversion process.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" 19","pages":" 7114-7125"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ma/d5ma00482a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of charge transfer interaction, terahertz analysis, Z-scan and nonlinear optical properties of morpholinium 3,5-dinitrosalicylate (M35DNS): a spectroscopic and computational approach","authors":"M. R. Kannan, Thiyagarajan Maadhu, Ajinkya Punjal, Ruturaj Puranik, Utkarsh Pandey, Shriganesh S. Prabhu, T. C. Sabari Girisun, Naini Bajaj, Amartya Sengupta, G. Vinitha and T. Vijayakumar","doi":"10.1039/D5MA00516G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5MA00516G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The structural, vibrational, and NLO properties of a morpholinium 3,5-dinitrosalicylate (M35DNS) crystal determined using density functional theory (DFT) to elucidate the charge transfer interaction and the influence of ionic hydrogen bonds are reported. Quantum chemical calculations are used to probe the electronic and optical properties of the given crystal. The elongation of experimentally measured C<small>₁₃</small><img>O<small>₄</small> and N<small>₂₁</small>–H<small>₂₃</small> bonds is observed, which clearly explains the involvement of amino and carbonyl groups in the formation of strong N–H⋯O hydrogen bonding in the crystal. The observed simultaneous and intense activity of 8b, 14, and 18a modes in Raman and IR substantiates the charge transfer interaction in the M35DNS crystal. The low-frequency vibrational modes of the M35DNS crystal are examined using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and terahertz-Raman spectroscopy (THz-RS) studies. Furthermore, the energy gap of 3.82 eV indicates the electron transfer from the occupied orbitals to the unoccupied orbitals in the salicylate region. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis predicts that the interaction between the LP (1) (C<small>₁₄</small>) → LP* (1) (C<small>₁₃</small>) shows a strong stabilization energy of 406.29 kJ mol<small>⁻¹</small>, substantiating the intramolecular charge transfer in the molecule. The lowest energy gap substantiates the charge transfer in the M35DNS crystal, and the chemical softness is computed to be 0.1310 eV. The dipole moment, polarizability and first order hyperpolarizability of M35DNS are estimated as 8.76 D, 2.91 × 10<small>⁻²³</small> electrostatic units (e.s.u.) and 8.9 × 10−30 e.s.u., respectively. The second harmonic generation (SHG) signal of the M35DNS crystal is measured by the powder method, which is 0.02 times the urea standard. The two-photon absorption coefficient was estimated to be 0.66 × 10<small>⁻¹¹</small> m W<small>⁻¹</small>, mainly due to the D–π⋯A molecular structure and the optical limiting threshold estimated to be 2.58 × 10<small>¹³</small> W m<small>⁻²</small>, enabling this material to be a potential candidate for optical limiting applications. The observed NLO properties of the M35DNS crystal can be useful for photonic, optoelectronic devices and NLO applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" 20","pages":" 7297-7311"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ma/d5ma00516g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145284127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel n–p–n type ZnO/BiOI/AgI ternary heterojunction with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic performance for pollutant degradation and antibacterial applications","authors":"Xinxin Li, Lianjie Du, Zhou Wan, Doudou Xu and Chen Liu","doi":"10.1039/D5MA00354G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5MA00354G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this study, novel ZnO/BiOI/AgI ternary heterojunction photocatalysts were synthesized <em>via</em> a facile precipitation method to address challenges in organic pollutant degradation and microbial disinfection under visible light irradiation. The composites were systematically characterized (XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, BET, UV-vis DRS, and PL), showing significantly enhanced visible light absorption, efficient charge carrier separation, and superior photocatalytic performance, compared to binary and single-component counterparts. The optimized ZnO/BiOI/AgI-3030 sample achieved 98.1% degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) and 59.1% degradation of Norfloxacin (NOR) within 3 hours, attributed to the synergistic effects of the heterojunction structure, which facilitated efficient charge transfer and promoted the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, the composite demonstrated remarkable antibacterial activity against <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>), <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (<em>S. aureus</em>), and <em>methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus</em> (<em>MRSA</em>), with bactericidal rates exceeding 99.8%. Cytotoxicity assays revealed 88.79% inhibition of DLD-1 colorectal cancer cells. Mechanistic studies confirmed the formation of a unique n–p–n heterostructure, enabling effective charge carrier separation and strong redox capabilities. Additionally, the photocatalysts exhibited excellent stability and reusability over four consecutive degradation cycles, maintaining high catalytic efficiency. These findings underscore the potential of ZnO/BiOI/AgI ternary composites as efficient and sustainable photocatalysts for environmental remediation and antimicrobial applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" 20","pages":" 7332-7354"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ma/d5ma00354g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145284134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal and rheological transitions of high performance semicrystalline polyaryletherketone (PAEK) polymers in material extrusion (MEX)","authors":"Melany McBean, Monis Luqman, Nan Yi, Adam Chaplin and Oana Ghita","doi":"10.1039/D5MA00735F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5MA00735F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Mechanical properties in material extrusion (MEX) processes are influenced by the printing conditions and the cooling profile of extruded polymer. During cooling, the polymer transitions from a viscoelastic fluid to a “rubber” like state and ends as a glassy solid. The time taken to transition through each region is unique to individual polymers and it is linked to the melt rheology, thus indirectly affecting the layer to layer bond strength. By combining several thermal and thermomechanical methods, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), rotational rheometry (RR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and infrared (IR) thermography, this paper defines the time a semicrystalline polymer takes to pass through each thermal transition region under a specific cooling regime. From the results, Victrex PAEK AM 200 spent 0.1 seconds in complete melt (terminal region), before beginning to solidify (rubbery region), taking a total of 0.95 seconds to reach complete solidification (glassy region). Defining these transition regions allows us to control the printing parameters for optimum interface bond strength, as the time spent in the terminal and rubbery regions governs interlayer diffusion. This is the first study to approach the combined melt rheology and solidification profile of a high-performance polymer in order to understand critical points within the printing process and identify ways of controlling them, providing quantitative values for the onset and endset of solidification of extruded polymer in MEX.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" 19","pages":" 7104-7113"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ma/d5ma00735f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mn-doping reveals a thermal gap and natural p-type conductivity in Bi2O2Se","authors":"Antonín Sojka, Jan Zich, Tomáš Plecháček, Petr Levinský, Jiři Navrátil, Pavlína Ruleová, Stanislav Šlang, Ludvík Beneš, Karel Knížek, Václav Holý and Čestmír Drašar","doi":"10.1039/D5MA00543D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5MA00543D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Bi<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small>Se is a semiconductor that is being intensively studied due to its many extraordinary properties. Since about 2010, research on polycrystals has focused on thermoelectric materials. For the last 10 years, single crystal research has been driven by its quasi 2D structure with unexpectedly high permittivity (<em>ε</em><small>_r</small> ≈ 500), which promotes high electron mobility. Bi<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small>Se thus outperforms other 2D materials in many parameters. However, the high permittivity is also responsible for the extremely low critical concentration of the metal–insulator transition (<em>n</em> ≈ 10<small>¹⁵</small> cm<small>⁻³</small>). Thus, Bi<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small>Se is so far only available as an n-type semiconductor largely with metal-like properties, although the electron concentration can range over 6 orders of magnitude (<em>n</em> ≈ 10<small>¹⁵</small>–10<small>²¹</small> cm<small>⁻³</small>), reportedly due to the very high concentration of selenium vacancies or selenium antisites on the Bi site. In this paper, we consider Mn doping in Bi<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small>Se, Bi<small>_{2−<em>x</em>}</small>Mn<small>_<em>x</em></small>O<small>₂</small>Se. The Mn doping leads to a decrease in the electron concentration and, for the first time, to a transition of the material to p-type conductivity. A thermal gap (≈ 0.9 eV) can be deduced from the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity. The p-type transition is related to the interaction of Mn with the defect structure of Bi<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small>Se. Our experiments suggest that the most abundant defects, besides the Se vacancies V<small>_Se</small>, are the substitutional defect Se atom at the Bi site, Se<small>_Bi</small> and the O atom at the Se site. From high resolution XRD analysis, we conclude that Mn reduces its concentration and brings the structure to the p-type state. From DFT calculations and magnetic data we infer the substitution of Bi by Mn (Mn<small>_Bi</small>, in a high spin state, <em>μ</em> ≅ 5<em>μ</em><small>_B</small>), although all experiments indicate a very low solubility <em>n</em><small>_Mn</small> = 2.67 × 10<small>¹⁸</small> cm<small>⁻³</small> based on magnetic data.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" 20","pages":" 7526-7534"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ma/d5ma00543d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145284149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High photo detectivity and responsivity under time-dependent laser-irradiation of Cu40Sb40S20 thin films for photodetector application","authors":"Laxmikanta Mahapatra, Prabhukrupa C. Kumar, P. Pradhan, D. Alagarasan, C. Sripan and R. Naik","doi":"10.1039/D5MA00505A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5MA00505A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The emerging ternary Cu–Sb–S materials, belonging to the I–V–VI semiconductor family, with p-type conductivity are considered alternative absorber materials due to their tunable band gap energy in the 0.5–2 eV range and large absorption coefficient. Herein, we report the laser irradiation-induced optical, structural, and surface wettability changes in Cu<small>₄₀</small>Sb<small>₄₀</small>S<small>₂₀</small> thin films at different lasing times. As observed from XRD data, the reduction in crystallite size upon laser irradiation increased lattice strain and dislocation density. The elemental composition of the film was verified using EDS spectra and elemental mapping. The surface structure changed with laser treatment, as probed from FESEM images, making the film more porous. The hydrophobicity of a laser-irradiated film decreased with increased surface energy, as confirmed by contact angle data. Microstructural changes were observed in Raman spectra, and defect density decreased, as revealed by photoluminescence spectra. Such a reduction in structural defects resulted in an increase in the energy gap to 1.792 eV from 1.596 eV upon 60-minute laser irradiation. Transparency is also enhanced, thus decreasing the extinction coefficient and optical density with illumination. The decrease in refractive index thus reduced optical nonlinearity in terms of third-order nonlinear susceptibility and nonlinear refractive index. Increased photosensitivity increased detectivity of the 60 min laser-illuminated film to 4.81 × 10<small>⁷</small> Jones from 1.7 × 10<small>⁶</small> Jones of the unirradiated film, which is beneficial for photodetection in the UV region.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" 20","pages":" 7479-7493"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ma/d5ma00505a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145284145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MiniSOG as a biodegradable heterogeneous photocatalyst for coupled redox biotransformations","authors":"Emmanouil Broumidis and Francesca Paradisi","doi":"10.1039/D5MA00861A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5MA00861A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Visible-light photocatalysis has emerged as a powerful strategy to drive chemical reactions under mild conditions, often in tandem with biocatalysts to achieve one-pot cascades. In this work, we demonstrate that the photocatalytic flavoprotein miniSOG, originally engineered as a genetically encoded singlet oxygen generator, can be repurposed as a heterogeneous photocatalyst. By immobilizing miniSOG as cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs), we enable controlled <em>in situ</em> production of hydrogen peroxide (H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small>) and NADH regeneration, facilitating both oxidative and reductive biotransformations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" 20","pages":" 7355-7364"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ma/d5ma00861a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145284135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capacitive behavior of electrodes prepared using tragacanth gum modified at various ratios and temperatures","authors":"A. Aliabadi, M. S. Rahmanifar, B. Sohrabi, H. Aghaei and K. Zare","doi":"10.1039/D5MA00328H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5MA00328H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In the fields of energy conversion and storage, renewable, affordable, and environmentally benign electrode materials have garnered a lot of interest. Tragacanth gum (TG), a natural polymer, exhibits a high degree of biocompatibility; however, it is still difficult to obtain high conductivity. This study uses a TG carbon precursor and ZnCl<small>₂</small> as an active agent at 600–900 °C for 2 hours under an N<small>₂</small> atmosphere, which, to the best of our knowledge, is a simple approach for creating porous carbon materials with a high nitrogen content. The resulting TGN-3 sample has a nitrogen content of up to 1.23 weight percent and a high specific surface area of 3595.77 m<small>²</small> g<small>⁻¹</small>. Additionally, the N-doped carbon shows good electrochemical properties (with a specific capacitance of 124.78 F g<small>⁻¹</small> in 6 M KOH at a current density of 1 A g<small>⁻¹</small>). Moreover, a TGN-3@Ni composite was prepared from the sustainable carbon source TGN-3 using a straightforward hydrothermal synthesis process. As an electrode material, it demonstrated good electrochemical properties with high rate capability and a specific capacitance of 319.9 F g<small>⁻¹</small> in 6 M KOH at a current density of 5 A g<small>⁻¹</small>. Then, using TGN-3 as the negative electrode, TGN-3@Ni as the positive electrode, and 6 M KOH as the electrolyte solution, an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) was fabricated. With a specific capacitance of 40.06 F g<small>⁻¹</small> at 1 A g<small>⁻¹</small> and a high energy density of 16.07 Whkg<small>⁻¹</small> at a power density of 881.07 W kg<small>⁻¹</small>, this supercapacitor demonstrated good electrochemical performance. It also demonstrated exceptional cycle stability, maintaining 96.12% of its initial specific capacitance after 8000 cycles at 5 A g<small>⁻¹</small>. Consequently, these experimental results confirm that porous carbon materials with a high nitrogen content can be prospective electrode materials for supercapacitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" 20","pages":" 7535-7551"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ma/d5ma00328h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145284150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}