Materials Advances最新文献

{"title":"An innovative Ag/Cu-doped polypyrrole hybrid nanocomposite gas sensor for superior ammonia detection at room temperature","authors":"Arunima Verma, Tanuj Kumar and Rahul Singhal","doi":"10.1039/D4MA01166J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MA01166J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Hybrid nanocomposites combining organic and inorganic materials offer enhanced responses to reducing and oxidizing gases. This study presents a novel polypyrrole (PPy)-based hybrid nanocomposite synthesized with varying concentrations of silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) nanoparticles for efficient ammonia sensing at room temperature. The uniform dispersion of Ag/Cu nanoparticles within the PPy matrix enables a dense, smooth surface that enhances electron transport and boosts conductivity, compatibility, and catalytic activity. Structural and surface analyses using XRD, FESEM, UV-vis, EDS, TGA, and FTIR revealed that the PPy@Ag/Cu hybrid nanocomposite sensor achieved an 86% response to 300 ppm ammonia. Selectivity was confirmed against gases like carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ethanol, and hydrogen sulphide. The protonation and deprotonation in the PPy@Ag/Cu heterojunction contribute to the ammonia sensing mechanism, making this nanocomposite a promising material for environmental monitoring applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" 6","pages":" 1869-1882"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ma/d4ma01166j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel polydopamine/halloysite nanotube-reinforced brushite calcium phosphate cement for bone regeneration with synergistic regulation of mechanical/osteogenic capacity†","authors":"Chenhao Wang, Tao Guo, Yukang Gong, Xintian Wang, Puying An, Jie Zhang, Zheng Gao, Wenshan Gao, Yuangong Zhang and Feng Liu","doi":"10.1039/D4MA01124D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MA01124D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Bone regeneration remains a clinical challenge with limited bone substitutes. Brushite calcium phosphate cements (<strong>Bru-CPCs</strong>), possessing good bioactivity and biocompatibility, are one of the widely studied bone graft materials. However, their further application in the long-term remodeling of bone is limited by the low compressive strength. Adding additives has been a promising strategy to solve the above problem. Herein, halloysite nanotubes (<strong>HNTs</strong>) with a unique rod-like structure and excellent biocompatibility were chosen as reinforced materials to fabricate bone repair materials. Inspired by the adhesive proteins in mussels, we modified the <strong>HNTs’</strong> surface with polydopamine (PDA) to improve the inorganic–inorganic phase interfacial interactions between the <strong>HNTs</strong> and <strong>Bru-CPCs</strong>. <strong>Bru-CPCs</strong>, <strong>Bru-CPCs/1.5%HNTs</strong> and <strong>Bru-CPCs/1.5%HNTs@PDA</strong> were fabricated and the mechanical properties and biological activity of the bone repair materials were evaluated in detail. All the results indicated that <strong>Bru-CPCs</strong> incorporated with <strong>1.5 wt% HNTs@PDA</strong> have good compressive strength and osteo-differentiation properties, making them a prospective biomaterial for bone-tissue repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" 6","pages":" 1959-1964"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ma/d4ma01124d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly elastic polyvinyl alcohol embolic microspheres for effective transarterial embolization†","authors":"Li Liu, Xiangxian Xu, Xiaoli Zhu, Meng Dang, Yunming Zhang, Donghong Shi, Shenzhe Liu, Zhiwei Zhang, Jing Pan, Jing Zhong, Lin Ou-yang, Zhaogang Teng and Longjiang Zhang","doi":"10.1039/D5MA00057B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5MA00057B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Transarterial embolization therapy is a highly promising, minimally invasive interventional procedure for treating vascular and neoplastic diseases in the clinic. The use of highly elastic and deformable embolization microspheres is crucial for ensuring smooth delivery through a catheter and achieving complete endovascular embolization. In this study, a polyvinyl alcohol embolic microsphere, MegaSphere, with exceptional elasticity was used for vascular embolization. The results obtained from an <em>in vitro</em> embolization model demonstrated the good stability and elastic deformation ability of MegaSphere. These properties allow these spheres to aggregate tightly and effectively embolize blood vessels at different levels. Furthermore, in a rabbit model, we achieved highly efficient renal embolization <em>via</em> MegaSphere. These microspheres could reach the distal vessels of the renal artery and effectively embolize small arteries within the renal cortex, resulting in complete terminal embolization. Substantial necrosis of the renal parenchyma was observed within seven days after embolization, indicating an excellent embolization effect. Moreover, in a rabbit model with liver VX2 transplant tumors, the use of drug-loaded MegaSphere-doxorubicin microspheres demonstrated strong efficacy in antitumor chemoembolization therapy. Through blockade of the tumor blood supply and increased local chemotherapy, effective inhibition of liver tumor progression was achieved within seven days following transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). In conclusion, this study highlights the promising potential of MegaSphere as an embolic agent with potential for clinical translational applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" 6","pages":" 2056-2070"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ma/d5ma00057b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tri(oxyethylene)-functionalised perylene diimide: a promising interlayer material for enhanced organic photovoltaic performance†","authors":"Jegadesan Subbiah, Akhil Gupta, David J. Jones and Jingliang Li","doi":"10.1039/D5MA00032G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5MA00032G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Interface engineering of organic semiconductors is critical for efficient charge extraction from organic photoactive layers to inorganic electrodes, which is a key factor in optimising organic solar cell performance. Incorporating polar groups into electron transport layer (ETL) materials can reduce their work function by forming appropriate dipoles between the photoactive layer and the electrode. This study reports a promising ETL material, 2,9-bis(2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)anthra[2,1,9-<em>def</em>:6,5,10-<em>d</em>′<em>e</em>′<em>f</em>′]diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10(2<em>H</em>,9<em>H</em>)-tetraone, coded <strong>PDIAO</strong>, based on a perylene diimide (PDI) core with tri(oxyethylene) chains at the imide positions. <strong>PDIAO</strong> exhibited efficient energy level alignment and good interface contact with the active layer, facilitating efficient electron extraction. Organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices with the <strong>PM6:IT-4F</strong> active layer, a <strong>PDIAO</strong> interlayer, demonstrated enhanced performance, achieving a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13% compared to the PCE of 10.9% for the OPV device with the <strong>PFN-Br</strong> interlayer. Various spectroscopic and electrical characterisation analyses of ETL materials and OPV device performance revealed that the <strong>PDIAO</strong> interlayer significantly reduces the work function of the active layer by forming interface dipole and enhanced charge transport for efficient electron extraction. These results suggest that tri(oxyethylene)-functionalised PDI derivatives are promising ETL materials for efficient electron extraction in OPV devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" 6","pages":" 1965-1970"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ma/d5ma00032g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities of curcumin-loaded quercetin nanoparticles: in vitro bioassays coupled with synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy†","authors":"Suhair Sunoqrot, Samah Abusulieh and Lina A. Dahabiyeh","doi":"10.1039/D4MA01202J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MA01202J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Curcumin (CUR) is an important phytochemical with diverse pharmacological activities, particularly in cancer treatment and inflammation management. However, its poor water solubility and rapid metabolism <em>in vivo</em> have limited its therapeutic potential, inspiring the development of delivery systems such as those based on nanotechnology. Previously, we reported that partial oxidation of the plant polyphenol quercetin (QCT) creates an amphiphilic material that self-assembles into discrete nanoparticles (NPs), either alone or with other polymers. Here we developed a nanoparticle (NP) formulation for CUR based on partially oxidized QCT (oxQCT). The NPs were co-formulated with <small>D</small>-α-tocopheryl poly(ethylene glycol) 1000 succinate (TPGS) to enhance their physicochemical properties and potentially synergize with CUR in inducing cancer cell death and alleviating inflammation. CUR was entrapped in oxQCT/TPGS NPs <em>via</em> nanoprecipitation, yielding spherical NPs (87 nm) with 72% loading efficiency, high colloidal stability, and sustained release at physiological pH. The anticancer activity of CUR NPs was evaluated in MCF-7 cells as a model breast cancer cell line, where the oxQCT/TPGS vehicle synergized with free CUR in inducing cell death and promoted its cellular uptake. In RAW 264.7 macrophages, the NPs outperformed free CUR in anti-inflammatory assays by exhibiting stronger reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities and attenuating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. We complemented the biological assays with synchrotron-Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (SR-μFTIR), which provided insights into biochemical changes in the lipid and protein compositions of MCF-7 and RAW 264.7 macrophages treated with CUR NPs. Our findings present a promising nanoformulation for CUR which can enhance its activity against cancer and inflammation, and highlight the importance of bioanalytical techniques such as SR-μFTIR in discerning the bioactivities of multimodal nanotherapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" 6","pages":" 1971-1987"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ma/d4ma01202j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the potential of a self-healing semiconducting supramolecular Mg(ii)-metallohydrogel in non-volatile memory design and its therapeutic properties towards bacteria infected wound healing†","authors":"Subhendu Dhibar, Arpita Roy, Priyanka Das, Tuhin Sarkar, Mitrabrata Goswami, Sangita Some, Kripasindhu Karmakar, Pradip Ruidas, Subham Bhattacharjee, Timothy O. Ajiboye, Anindya Sundar Ray, Keka Sarkar, Soumya Jyoti Ray and Bidyut Saha","doi":"10.1039/D4MA01238K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MA01238K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A swift and effective technique was employed to fabricate a novel supramolecular metallohydrogel, named Mg@5AP, by incorporating Mg(<small>II</small>) ions. This groundbreaking gel utilized 5-amino-1-pentanol as a low molecular weight gelator, formulated in an aqueous solution at room temperature. Mechanical robustness was assessed through rheological analysis, affirming the resilience of Mg@5AP under various mechanical strains and angular frequencies. Notably, the metallohydrogel displayed thixotropic properties, indicating its ability to self-repair. Structural characterization revealed a distinct network of rectangular, mixed flake rod-like structures within Mg@5AP, as observed through scanning and transmission electron microscopy (FESEM and TEM). Elemental mapping using energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis confirmed the presence of key chemical components. Further insights into its formation were obtained <em>via</em> Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. In this investigation, Schottky diode structures in a metal–semiconductor–metal arrangement were fabricated using the magnesium(<small>II</small>) metallohydrogel (Mg@5AP) to explore its charge transport behavior. Additionally, a resistive random access memory (RRAM) device was fabricated from Mg@5AP, showcasing bipolar resistive switching at room temperature. A detailed observation of the switching mechanism, involving the formation and disruption of conduction filaments, explained the resistive switching process. The RRAM device exhibited exceptional performance with a high ON/OFF ratio of approximately 120 and impressive endurance, surpassing 5000 switching cycles. This durability suggests the suitability of these devices without any electrical degradation. Furthermore, Mg@5AP demonstrated significant inhibitory activity against drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia strain and its biofilm formation. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined to be 3 mg mL<small>⁻¹</small> when dissolved in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). An MTT assay revealed a 60% inhibition of biofilm formation at a concentration of 1 mg mL<small>⁻¹</small> of Mg@5AP in 1% DMSO. Moreover, in a mouse excisional wound model, Mg@5AP played a pivotal role in preventing postoperative wound infections and promoting wound healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" 6","pages":" 1899-1913"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ma/d4ma01238k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface modification of polylactic acid using a photo-activated chlorine dioxide process: surface properties and dissimilar adhesion†","authors":"Haruyasu Asahara, Weiting Wu, Taka-Aki Asoh, Yu-I Hsu, Tsuyoshi Inoue and Hiroshi Uyama","doi":"10.1039/D4MA01275E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MA01275E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this study, we examined the modification of polylactic acid (PLA) plates and powders using a photo-activated chlorine dioxide (ClO<small>₂</small>˙) treatment. Changes in the degree of oxidation depending on the oxidation conditions, namely, temperature and time, were determined by surface elemental analysis using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and quantification of the number of carboxy groups using toluidine blue O staining. Oxidized PLA exhibited excellent adhesion to dissimilar materials, including aluminum and cellulose. In the adhesion to aluminum, the relationship between the adhesion strength and oxidation degree was investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" 5","pages":" 1608-1612"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ma/d4ma01275e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simple size tuning of magnetic nanoparticles using a microwave solvothermal method and their application in facilitating the solid-phase synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers†","authors":"Andrei N. Stephen, Tim Mercer, William Stockburn, Sarah R. Dennison, Jennifer E. Readman and Subrayal M. Reddy","doi":"10.1039/D4MA01115E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MA01115E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Herein, we have demonstrated a simple, economical, rapid and scalable microwave method to produce magnetite-based magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with desired sizes and their application in the facile synthesis of high-value polymer products. Solvothermal method is gaining traction in microwave synthesis as it offers a rapid and green method for MNP production. In this work, we report a novel, simple and reliable microwave synthesis method, where adjusting the temperature gradient from 20 °C to a dwell temperature of 200 °C enabled the size control of superparamagnetic aldehyde-functionalised nanoparticles (MNP@CHO). The size distribution of nanoparticles was measured using dynamic light scattering, which revealed values of 14 nm ± 8 nm at 90 °C min<small>⁻¹</small> (a 2-minute ramp time to dwell temperature) and 122 nm ± 49 nm at 18 °C min<small>⁻¹</small> (a 10-minute ramp time to dwell temperature), and these nanoparticles were produced within 20–30 minutes. Magnetic size analysis using the Chantrell method confirmed that the iron–oxide core size increased as a function of ramp time, with the median diameter in the range of 7.91 to 11.25 nm and lognormal <em>σ</em> values within 0.22 ≤ <em>σ</em> ≤ 0.33. The particle cluster size increased with an increase in the ramp time, which was measured using transmission electron microscopy, and it was found to be a function of particle agglomeration. Furthermore, we demonstrated that MNP@CHO functionalised with a protein of interest can be applied for the rational solid-phase synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (nanoMIPs) with high affinity for protein biomarkers. Thus, we demonstrated that an optimal MNP size is required for the highly efficient production of MNP-based nanoMIPs, which is the key to the mass production and commercialisation of low-cost and sustainable size-tuned MNPs and artificial antibodies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" 6","pages":" 2016-2028"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ma/d4ma01115e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles using hydrothermal treatment for magnetic hyperthermia application","authors":"Carla Martins, Catarina Rolo, Vanessa R. G. Cacho, Laura C. J. Pereira, João Paulo Borges, Jorge Carvalho Silva, Tânia Vieira and Paula I. P. Soares","doi":"10.1039/D4MA01120A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MA01120A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are the most commonly used inorganic nanoparticles for magnetic hyperthermia in cancer treatment. In this technique, the temperature of the tumor is increased by applying an external alternating magnetic field, which induces heat release from magnetic nanoparticles located at the tumor site. In this study, SPIONs were produced using the chemical co-precipitation technique combined with hydrothermal treatment to reduce their size dispersibility and increase their crystallinity, which are directly related to their magnetic properties. The size of the SPIONs increased from 9 nm to 20 nm after hydrothermal treatment at 160 °C for 24 h. These NPs exhibit a cubic/rectangular shape with a structure composed of both magnetite and maghemite. Their superparamagnetic behavior was confirmed, and the magnetic saturation increased from 58 to 73 emu g<small>⁻¹</small> at RT and from 67 to 81 emu g<small>⁻¹</small> at 10 K. Magnetic hyperthermia measurements showed an increase in SAR values from 83 to about 160–200 W g<small>⁻¹</small>, depending on the hydrothermal treatment conditions. Additionally, the exposure of normal and melanoma cells to SPIONs in the presence of an alternating magnetic field leads to a significant reduction in cell viability, with a more pronounced effect in melanoma cells. These results demonstrate the high potential of this synthesis technique for producing SPIONs for cancer treatment <em>via</em> magnetic hyperthermia.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" 5","pages":" 1726-1743"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ma/d4ma01120a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to exploring the progress in fundamental, functional material and health aspects of melanins and related materials","authors":"A. Bernardus Mostert, Pooi See Lee and Carlos F. O. Graeff","doi":"10.1039/D4MA90120G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MA90120G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A graphical abstract is available for this content</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" 5","pages":" 1552-1553"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ma/d4ma90120g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}