Materials Advances最新文献

{"title":"X-ray µ-CT contrast agents employing highly-concentrated low-viscosity layered double hydroxide nanoparticles for high-resolution imaging of vasculature.","authors":"Yosuke Ando, Sota Shimizu, Gowsihan Poologasundarampillai, Paul Brownbill, Angelos Evangelinos, Michele Darrow, Avery Pennington, Achintha Kondarage, Akio Yoneyama, Naoki Tarutani, Atsushi Nakahira, Yasuaki Tokudome","doi":"10.1039/d6ma00511j","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6ma00511j","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Contrast agents capable of being injected and cured <i>in situ</i> within the vasculature are required for angiography based on X-ray microcomputed tomography (µ-CT) for pathophysiology of biopsies or postmortem. In this study, we developed a contrast agent based on highly-concentrated methanolic dispersion of NiAl-type layered double hydroxide nanoparticles (NiAl-LDH NPs) for X-ray µ-CT imaging of vasculature. We optimized the synthesis conditions of the constituent NiAl-LDH NPs, with particular attention to drying conditions and dispersion media selection. The formulated contrast agent achieved a particle concentration >30 wt%, a curing time of ∼30 min, and low viscosity (<100 mPa s). These properties enabled successful perfusion into small vessels and capillaries giving excellent X-ray attenuation following setting without tissue maceration. Consequently, this enabled reliable vessel identification and segmentation using simple intensity-based approaches giving a robust approach to accelerated tissue screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13662904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149194762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aligned perylene bisimide hydrogels: a 3D printing approach to mechanophotoconductive films.","authors":"Rebecca E Ginesi, Ziyao Xu, Tom Jacquin, Katarzyna Kozioł, Morteza Amjadi, Emily R Draper","doi":"10.1039/d6ma01064d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ma01064d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organic electronics often require molecular alignment to facilitate efficient charge transport. However, existing alignment methods (<i>e.g.</i>, magnetic alignment, dielectrophoresis, spin coating, and doctor blading) are energy-intensive, incompatible with water-based materials, or wasteful. Here, we demonstrate that extrusion-based 3D printing induces significant shear alignment in aqueous perylene bisimide (PBI) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) blends, eliminating the need for external fields or incompatible coating techniques. Upon drying, the resultant xerogels retain this alignment, yielding homogeneous, conductive, flexible films. These films exhibit robust mechanophotoresponsive behaviour: bending the aligned fibres to a radius of 45 mm enhanced the photocurrent response by 2.5-fold compared to the unbent state. Furthermore, the films maintained structural integrity over 1000 bending cycles, retaining 50% of their photoresponse. This work establishes 3D printing as an accessible route to fabricate aligned, water-processed organic materials for wearable mechanophotoresponsive applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149166917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D-printable biodegradable hybrids based on ABA-triblock copolymers synthesised by RAFT polymerisation.","authors":"Haffsah Iqbal, Athanasios Skandalis, David R Sory, Yu-Chien Lin, Jingwen Liu, Sara M Rankin, Theoni K Georgiou, Julian R Jones","doi":"10.1039/d6ma00802j","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6ma00802j","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is an unmet clinical need for advanced biomaterials that can promote bone regeneration through three-dimensional (3D) scaffold architectures. Hybrid inorganic/organic biomaterials are promising due to their nanoscale interactions between amorphous polymeric and silica networks, which can provide resistance to cyclic loading and tuneable biodegradability. Our aim was to develop novel biodegradable silica/polymer scaffolds based on P(MMA-<i>co</i>-TMSPMA)-<i>b</i>-PCL-<i>b</i>-P(MMA-<i>co</i>-TMSPMA) triblock copolymers as the organic component. Triblock copolymers produced by RAFT polymerisation were chosen over linear polymers to balance controlled biodegradation with mechanical strength. Optimal compositions were 70 wt% nominal organic content using triblock copolymers synthesised from the 5 kDa PCL based RAFT agent, which exhibited the highest yield strength (compression) of 58 MPa (true stress) at 5% strain. Scaffolds with interconnected pore sizes of 250-300 µm were 3D printed from the hybrid ink <i>via</i> direct ink writing (DIW). Optimal printability was achieved for triblock copolymers with molecular masses between 15 000 and 17 000 g mol^-1 (using PCL of 5 kDa) and they exhibited mechanical properties and porosity comparable to those of trabecular bone, <i>e.g.</i>, a yield strength of 10 ± 0.5 MPa at a yield strain of 4 ± 0.3%, and showed ∼23% degradation over two months. <i>In vitro</i> studies confirmed that the scaffolds were not toxic to human bone marrow stromal cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" ","pages":"9640-9658"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13574115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148969583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibers loaded with quaternary ammonium compounds for localized eradication of periodontal biofilms.","authors":"Ting Chen, Nicola Kelly, Pedro Leonidas Oseliero Filho, Megan Carr, Alexander Ciupa, Jenny Aveyard, Raechelle A D'Sa","doi":"10.1039/d6ma00633g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ma00633g","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Periodontitis is driven by polymicrobial biofilms and remains difficult to treat using systemic antibiotics, which fail to achieve therapeutic concentrations within periodontal pockets. In this study, we report on the fabrication of electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibers incorporating quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs)-specifically benzyltriethylammonium chloride (BTEAC) and benzyldimethyldodecylammonium chloride (BDMDAC) as localized antimicrobial platforms. Electrospinning parameters were optimized to achieve high drug loading and reproducible fiber morphologies. Incorporation of QACs reduced their porosity and surface area, while thermal stability increased because of enhanced intermolecular interactions. The nanofibers exhibited high wettability and sufficient integrity for specimen handling for oral applications, and the structures remained stable in artificial saliva. Both formulations demonstrated rapid <i>in vitro</i> drug release. Antimicrobial testing against both planktonic and biofilm forms of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>, and <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>, revealed structure, dose and environment-dependent efficacy. PVA-BTEAC showed pronounced bactericidal activity against <i>E. coli</i>, <i>S. mutans</i>, <i>and P. gingivalis</i>, whereas PVA-BDMDAC exhibited strong bactericidal effects against <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>S. mutans</i>, and <i>P. gingivalis</i>. Most QAC loadings were non-cytotoxic to L929 fibroblasts; however, the highest dose of BTEAC was cytotoxic, consistent with a burst-release profile. Overall, these results demonstrate that QAC-loaded PVA nanofibers exhibit rapid and complete antimicrobial agent release, alongside broad-spectrum efficacy against both planktonic and biofilm-associated bacteria, supporting their potential as localized intraoral delivery platforms for periodontal biofilm eradication. BDMDAC-loaded nanofibers in particular show promise for application in the dynamic environment of periodontal pockets.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":"7 19","pages":"9710-9726"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13637459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149111789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A supramolecular complex of palmitoylated Orai C-terminal peptide and cyclodextrin targets the plasma membrane to reduce store-operated calcium channel activity.","authors":"Juan Toledo-Marcos, Bruno Di Geronimo, Sanja Curcic, Viktor Farkas, Pedro A Sánchez-Murcia, Rainer Schindl, Bernadett Bacsa, Kata Horváti","doi":"10.1039/d6ma00756b","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6ma00756b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Palmitoylation is a widely employed strategy for anchoring peptides to lipid membranes, but it can also lead to uncontrolled self-assembly. The lipid moieties can promote clustering into heterodispersed aggregates that distribute unevenly, thereby reducing accessibility and inducing undesired uptake mechanisms that limit the functional performance of peptides. Controlling this lipid-driven aggregation remains a key challenge for membrane-active peptide systems. Here, we introduce a supramolecular entrapment strategy for controlling the assembly and membrane insertion of bioactive lipopeptides. We synthesize palmitoylated Orai3-derived peptides and use randomly methylated α-cyclodextrin (RAMEA) to complex the fatty acid chain through a host-guest inclusion mechanism, thereby effectively shielding its intermolecular hydrophobic interactions. In addition, we incorporate an octaethylene glycol (PEG8) spacer to improve peptide flexibility and access to its molecular target at the membrane interface. Biophysical characterization and molecular dynamics simulations show that the complex formation between the cyclodextrin and the lipopeptide yields an ultralow-sized molecular dispersion system with reduced hydrophobic exposure and aggregation propensity. In cell-based systems, this supramolecular organization enhances membrane localization and reduces endosomal internalization, while the PEG8 spacer further facilitates intracellular target engagement. This strategy was evaluated in the context of store-operated calcium (SOC) channel regulation, a well-characterized membrane-associated system that critically depends on precise spatial organization of interacting components, namely STIM1-Orai1 at the junctions between plasma and endoplasmic reticulum membranes. In this context, we show that this lipopeptide-cyclodextrin multiplex enables inhibition of SOC channel activity. Overall, this work demonstrates that our lipopeptide-RAMEA inclusion complexation strategy provides a general approach to control palmitoylation-driven lipopeptide aggregation and establishes a broadly applicable design principle for tuning the performance of membrane-associated peptide systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" ","pages":"9070-9081"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13495069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148794950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water-processable PSS-free PEDOT:NO₃/PVA colloid for sustainable organic electrochemical transistors.","authors":"Donia Saadi, Islam M Minisy, Munise Cobet, Katharina Matura, Niko Münzenrieder, Markus Clark Scharber, Patrycja Bober, Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci, Serpil Tekoglu","doi":"10.1039/d6ma00785f","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6ma00785f","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) enable low-voltage amplification of ionic signals directly in aqueous media, making them potential platforms for bioelectronic interfaces, neuromorphic circuits, and biosensors. Despite significant progress, most high-performance OECTs still rely on PEDOT:PSS, where the acidic, PSS-rich formulation and large excess of insulating polyanion can limit electronic transport and raise concerns regarding long-term stability and biocompatibility. In this work, we build on our previously reported PSS-free PEDOT colloids sterically stabilized by poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and investigate this water-processable dispersion as an organic mixed ionic-electronic conductor (OMIEC) channel material for OECTs. The colloid, synthesized <i>via</i> oxidative polymerization of EDOT in water in the presence of neutral polymer PVA, yields highly stable dispersions that form smooth, conductive thin films suitable for device fabrication. Implemented as OECT channels, these PSS-free PEDOT:NO₃/PVA films exhibit reproducible mixed ionic-electronic transport under aqueous operation with maximum transconductance values exceeding 10 mS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that a PVA-stabilized, PSS-free PEDOT colloid processed entirely from water can operate as an active OECT channel material, establishing a versatile route to neutral-polymer-stabilized, water-processable OMIECs for future soft and sustainable bioelectronic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13504250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148819071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser-induced carbonization of cellulose acetate for controlled carbon structure evolution.","authors":"Angelica Bisceglie, Pietro Zaccagnini, Luisa Baudino, Marco Fontana, Yu Kyoung Ryu, Andrea Lamberti, Javier Martinez","doi":"10.1039/d6ma00155f","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6ma00155f","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biomass offers a low-cost and sustainable carbon source. Yet, conventional pyrolytic routes remain energy intensive and require harsh processing conditions. Laser-induced carbonization provides a rapid, efficient and green alternative for the conversion of biomass into carbon structures. Building on the growing demand for sustainable alternatives to petroleum-derived polymers in laser writing, we investigate laser-induced carbon (LIC) produced from cellulose acetate (CA) membranes, a widely available biopolymer, <i>via</i> CO₂ laser irradiation. The flame-retardant bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate (BMEP) enables localized carbonization, overcoming CA's poor thermal stability. By tuning laser parameters, namely the defocus distance and the number of passes, we selectively obtain amorphous carbon, activated carbon (AC), graphene oxide (GO), and laser-induced graphene (LIG). Among these, AC fabricated through a double-pass process at a defocus distance of 7.5 mm achieves outstanding electrochemical performance as a microsupercapacitor (μSC) electrode, delivering an areal capacitance of up to 63 mF cm^-2, an energy density of 3.3 µWh cm^-2, and a power density of 0.42 mW cm^-2. These results outperform those of petroleum-based polymer-derived LIG while utilizing a potentially upcycled precursor. This work expands the scope of LIG precursors and offers a versatile platform for engineering sustainable carbon-based electrodes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" ","pages":"8738-8748"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13430549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148670100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The glass transition of biologically secreted amorphous calcium carbonate.","authors":"Thilo Bissbort, Kai-Uwe Hess, Erika Griesshaber, Carmen Salas, Antonio Checa, Wolfgang Schmahl, Donald B Dingwell","doi":"10.1039/d6ma00224b","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6ma00224b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amorphous carbonates are key phases in bio-geological processes. They also possess considerable unexplored potential for technological applications. We recovered a glass transition in biogenic amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), extracted from the soft tissue of the sea slug <i>Baptodoris cinnabarina</i>, using novel fast differential scanning calorimetry (FDSC) (heating/cooling rates of 2000-5000 °C s^-1). Similar to synthetic ACC and ACMC, biogenic ACC, as demonstrated here, is a structural glass. Thus, synthetic and biogenic ACC likely share the same vitrification route - dehydration-driven glass formation. Experimental strategies employed here reveal that biogenic ACC exhibits an enhanced stability compared to synthetic ACC. This is interpreted as a crystallization-inhibiting role of Mg, P, and organics, initially present in biogenic ACC as has been previously inferred.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" ","pages":"7558-7563"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13360893/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148436931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cobalt-doped nitrogen-rich covalent organic framework for coupled oxygen evolution and ethylene glycol oxidation toward PET waste upcycling.","authors":"Korak Kar, David Preston, Tirumala Rao Dumpala, Kumar Biradha, Ashok Keerthi","doi":"10.1039/d6ma00547k","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6ma00547k","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In electrochemical water splitting, the slow kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) continue to be a significant bottleneck. This has prompted the development of alternative anodic oxidation methods that can produce value-added products while requiring less energy. Here, we describe a nitrogen-rich covalent organic framework that functions as an effective electrocatalyst for the ethylene glycol oxidation reaction (EGOR) and OER. It contains coordinated earth-abundant cobalt sites and redox-active moieties. Additionally, the catalyst retains its electrochemical activity when PET hydrolysate is present, demonstrating its suitability for feedstocks derived from plastic and underscoring the possibility of combining waste plastic valorization with different anodic oxidation techniques. Effective catalytic activity in alkaline conditions is made possible by the heteroatom-rich framework with cobalt coordination sites and superior structural stability. With an overpotential of 400 mV needed to achieve the benchmark current density, our organic framework catalyst shows encouraging OER activity. Furthermore, with a faradaic efficiency of ∼97%, it preferentially converts ethylene glycol to formate, exhibiting promising activity toward ethylene glycol oxidation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":"7 18","pages":"9050-9056"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13592386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149017255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of H-bonding network disruption on morphology, structure and autofluorescence of amyloids.","authors":"Manuela Grelich-Mucha, Ana Maria Garcia, Vladimir Torbeev, Joanna Olesiak-Bańska","doi":"10.1039/d5ma01389e","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5ma01389e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrogen bonding plays a pivotal role in amyloid structures. The characteristic feature of amyloids is the presence of a secondary β-sheet structure in which hydrogen bonds are regularly aligned. Previous reports suggested that hydrogen bonds can be involved in the autofluorescence phenomenon of amyloids. Here, we studied a fragment of amyloidogenic amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide, Aβ(35-42), and its analogue with one ester bond replacing an amide, depsiAβ(35-42), to isolate the effect of disrupting the hydrogen bonding network on autofluorescence. We have chosen these sequences because they are lacking aromatic amino acids and contain α-amino and α-carboxyl groups at their N- and C-termini that can undergo protonation and deprotonation. Morphological characterization indicated that under acidic conditions (pH ∼2) Aβ(35-42) rapidly assembles into amyloid fibrils, whereas depsiAβ(35-42) forms spherical aggregates. The presence of a secondary β-sheet structure was confirmed in both samples. Interestingly, the autofluorescence signal was detected in depsiAβ(35-42) despite the absence of fibrillar structures, and its intensity was similar to that of Aβ(35-42). Furthermore, our studies revealed that the autofluorescence is pH-dependent. Overall, our results corroborate the hypothesis that proton transfer between the N- and C-termini of an aggregated peptide in β-sheet conformation is critical for its intrinsic fluorescence properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":18242,"journal":{"name":"Materials Advances","volume":" ","pages":"7238-7246"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13321048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148376161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}