{"title":"Systems-of-Systems and Digital Twins: A Survey and Analysis of the Current Knowledge","authors":"Thomas Olsson, J. Axelsson","doi":"10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178527","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the needs and constraints of systems in general and a system-of-systems in particular can be challenging, yet crucial. Relying only on upfront activities will not be sufficient. Important information can be gathered around the performance and behavior of the system as well as stakeholder needs in operation. A digital twin is a way to model and understand the operation of a system. To understand the challenges and enablers related to digital twins in a system-of-systems context, we performed a literature study. In total, only 10 papers were identified that explicitly address this topic, all from the last five years, indicating that this is an active field of research. The papers revealed that definitions and terminology are unclear and that similar challenges as for systems-of-systems also exist for systems-of-digital twins. The complexity and dynamic nature of systems-of-systems motivate further study of digital twins to understand needs and constraints. However, key challenges such as concepts and principles of digital twins for systems-of-systems, cost and benefits, and evolution needs to be better understood.","PeriodicalId":181642,"journal":{"name":"2023 18th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference (SoSe)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126653458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heinrich Wagner, Lukas Portenlänger, Claudio Zuccaro
{"title":"Using SysML Models as Digital Twins for Early Validation of Modular Systems and Systems of Systems","authors":"Heinrich Wagner, Lukas Portenlänger, Claudio Zuccaro","doi":"10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178526","url":null,"abstract":"For early validation of system concepts, reviews of SysML models can be complemented by employing simulation models as virtual prototypes. Such simulation models can be gradually expanded into digital twins during system development. However, it is usually difficult to include all relevant physical aspects of the system or its context in such models. Also, the creation of such models is usually laborious. To be able to validate the system concept early without much effort and nevertheless considering the real context and physical details, in this paper the SysML model itself is used as a digital twin to control real prototypes in a real context. To create real prototypes rapidly, already existing components are re-used to set up modular systems or Systems of Systems (SoS). The presented approach has been successfully evaluated through rapid development of an SoS consisting of a drone swarm and an autonomously driving vehicle.","PeriodicalId":181642,"journal":{"name":"2023 18th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference (SoSe)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133838061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicolas Sarda, Rafael Estanguet, Dominique Ernadote
{"title":"Model-based approach to support Multi-Disciplinary Analysis and Optimization capability governance at enterprise level: preliminary results","authors":"Nicolas Sarda, Rafael Estanguet, Dominique Ernadote","doi":"10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178433","url":null,"abstract":"Airbus's DDMS program (Digital Design Manufacturing and Services) aims to increase the Capability Readiness Level (CRL) of various modelling simulation features, including Multi-Disciplinary Analysis and Optimization (MDAO) capabilities. Within the Airbus Defence and Space division, this is performed through a work package called TOMAS that stands for Trade-Off and Multidisciplinary Analysis Solution. The objective of the work described in this paper is to deploy an MDAO capability governance at enterprise level based on a Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) approach. Preliminary results in Airbus Defence and Space context are also described. Deployment at scale of MDAO capabilities can be seen as a complex topic and as such, a rigorous method is required. Thanks to a model-based approach we tailor the capture and formalization of business concerns. This helps define what is required to support MDAO deployment in projects, meanwhile answering the following questions: when are the MDAO capabilities needed and how long do we need to sustain them?","PeriodicalId":181642,"journal":{"name":"2023 18th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference (SoSe)","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123319389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jun Jiang, Yiwen. Chen, Othman Lakhal, R. Merzouki
{"title":"AI-based SoS performance classification for resilience reaction","authors":"Jun Jiang, Yiwen. Chen, Othman Lakhal, R. Merzouki","doi":"10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178103","url":null,"abstract":"This works provides a comprehensive performance evaluation approach for system-of-systems (SoS). Various attributes are extracted from different level and various aspects, such as graph-based communication quality, dynamic response of physical component systems (PCSs) and mission-oriented features of management component systems (MCSs). AI-based classifier is employed thereafter based on the performance feature construction, to classify SoS performance into 5 status, Normal, Robust, Fault-tolerance, Resilience and Breakdown, which shows the necessity of a resilience SoS reaction. The effectiveness of the performance feature construction is verified by the high accuracy of training set in the simulation.","PeriodicalId":181642,"journal":{"name":"2023 18th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference (SoSe)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125063271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Fett, F. Wilking, S. Goetz, E. Kirchner, S. Wartzack
{"title":"Sensor selection and integration for Cyber-Physical Systems in context of Digital Twins – A systematic review of requirements","authors":"M. Fett, F. Wilking, S. Goetz, E. Kirchner, S. Wartzack","doi":"10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178669","url":null,"abstract":"Digital Twins process real-time data collected from a Physical Twin. This real-time data is often measurement by sensors, which must be selected and integrated during the development or modification of the physical twin. In this paper, a systematic literature review on sensors for Digital Twins and Cyber-Physical Systems is conducted. The results are mapped into a framework for selection and integration. From this, the special requirements for the sensors that arise from the use of Digital Twins can be identified.","PeriodicalId":181642,"journal":{"name":"2023 18th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference (SoSe)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121849587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Tagne, M. Blandeau, Othman Lakhal, Eugenie Avril, L. Wallard, Steeve Mbakop, R. Merzouki
{"title":"System of systems approach and user-centered design to improve the autonomy of people with reduced mobility","authors":"G. Tagne, M. Blandeau, Othman Lakhal, Eugenie Avril, L. Wallard, Steeve Mbakop, R. Merzouki","doi":"10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178583","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a methodology for the integrated design of modular technological breakthroughs allowing to improve the autonomy of persons with reduced mobility. Starting from the user-centered design of modules responding to a functional need of a person with reduced mobility, advanced interaction applications are proposed depending on the acceptability by the person of the developed modules. The integral solution is conceptualized by a system of systems approach. An example of application is proposed to illustrate the relevance of the proposed design approach.","PeriodicalId":181642,"journal":{"name":"2023 18th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference (SoSe)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128213999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fuzzy Linguistic Assessment Based Dilemma Evaluation in Confrontation Analysis","authors":"Zeqiang Hou, Bingfeng Ge, Yuming Huang, Wanying Wei, Zihui Liu, Jianghan Zhu","doi":"10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178619","url":null,"abstract":"The strategic conflict is always an important means for countries and enterprises to maintain competitiveness in a complex environment, and it confronts with a large amount of cognitive information. The confrontation analysis can take the subjective cognitive information in a strategic conflict into consideration. The decision-making is subject to resource constraints, and the key problems should be solved first. However, due to the complexity of objective things and the fuzziness of human thinking, the current research is difficult to evaluate the key dilemmas in the conflict process. Therefore, we propose a method which is based on fuzzy linguistic assessment to evaluate the key dilemmas in the confrontation analysis. First, it analyzes the elements of the dilemma according to the generating criterion of dilemma. Second, it describes the clarity of the doubt and the gap between position and intention based on fuzzy language. Finally, it evaluates the existing dilemmas, so as to identify the key dilemmas and assist countries or enterprises to make decisions under resource constraints. The feasibility and applicability of this method are illustrated by a case study.","PeriodicalId":181642,"journal":{"name":"2023 18th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference (SoSe)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121268232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Use Case for Developing Meta Architectures with Artificial Intelligence and Agent Based Simulation in the Kidney Transplant Complex System of Systems","authors":"Richard A. Threlkeld, Lirim Ashiku, C. Dagli","doi":"10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178576","url":null,"abstract":"The gap between the demand for kidneys and the supply of kidneys keeps growing by approximately six percent per year. There is an opportunity to utilize discarded kidneys, with roughly twenty percent of kidneys discarded each year. A real-time generation of an optimized architecture is desired to assist kidney allocation. Current practice for allocating high-risk deceased donor kidneys requires organ procurement organizations (OPOs) to engage in a prolonged manual process, accruing cold ischemic time and exacerbating kidney quality. An interactive digital simulation tool is developed to identify high-risk kidneys that are hard to place and justify starting the accelerated placement process sooner. The simulation tool will estimate the increased likelihood of placement and improve the current allocation model by providing a systematic basis for changing the current process and demonstrating how simulation can be leveraged to evaluate a policy change before implementation. The simulation meta-architecture and AI were all integrated on the Anylogic platform to conduct real-time optimization and prediction of the kidney transplant system of systems. This integrated simulation allows UNOS to generate optimized policies for the kidney transplant systems of systems. Future work includes validating and verifying the platform with additional stakeholders and testing different policies with UNOS.","PeriodicalId":181642,"journal":{"name":"2023 18th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference (SoSe)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129577350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enterprise Architecture and EA Modelling from Systems Theory Perspective","authors":"Nima Javanbakht, E. S. Chia","doi":"10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178615","url":null,"abstract":"In today's digital transformation era, technology has become an integral part of enterprises and organizations; this integration can only be efficacious when technology is aligned with business strategies. This business-IT alignment can be achieved via Enterprise Architecture (EA). Previous research extensively studied the benefits of EA adoption, frameworks, and processes, mostly from an information systems perspective. However, not an insignificant number of these frameworks and processes were criticized as being ambiguous, inconsistent, and infeasible to be used in the real world and EA theory construction. Hence, in this work, we will promote the general systems theory perspective to express EA more rigorously, holistically, and consistently. This study contributes to EA understanding by providing the initial grounds for modelling and constructing an EA theory from the systems theory perspective to making EA more conceivable and practical.","PeriodicalId":181642,"journal":{"name":"2023 18th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference (SoSe)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124253987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A New Technology Rises: Non-Human Knowledge Workers and Decision-Making in a System of Complex Systems","authors":"David Mortimore, K. Aten, Raymond R. Buettner","doi":"10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178624","url":null,"abstract":"To accomplish their missions, organizations make decisions—a form of knowledge work—that consumes scarce resources. As advanced algorithms, like artificial intelligence (AI), become more ubiquitous and affordable, some organizations are turning to such technical systems to strengthen their decision-making and, by extension, system-level performance. However, the degree to which AI and autonomous systems impact system-level performance is suboptimal because existing approaches generally ignore two critical design factors—the extent to which algorithmic systems relieve humans of knowledge work and are structurally encoded in the system's task and communication structures. The purposeful design and incorporation of non-human knowledge workers (NHKWs) into organizations are central to system of systems engineering; NHKWs are likely to impact system complexity, the attainment of stakeholder goals, and other system performance measures. Against the backdrop of the ATLAS Experiment, this perspective paper explores the construct of NHKWs, distinguishes NHKWs from AI and similar algorithmic systems, and makes the case that intentionally designing NHKWs into an organization's technological framework is needed for more robust system-level performance and goal attainment.","PeriodicalId":181642,"journal":{"name":"2023 18th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference (SoSe)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133623146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}