Alessandro Bozzi, Simone Graffione, J. Jiménez, R. Sacile, Enrico Zero
{"title":"Reliability Evaluation of Emergent Behaviour in a Flexible Manufacturing Problem","authors":"Alessandro Bozzi, Simone Graffione, J. Jiménez, R. Sacile, Enrico Zero","doi":"10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178498","url":null,"abstract":"Scheduling is a key component of manufacturing systems. In general, it describes how multiple jobs or workloads are processed within a limited set of resources to achieve certain manufacturing objectives, such as minimizing the makespan or weighted tardiness. Nevertheless, as the demand for customized and versatile products increased, these systems became more flexible by incorporating flexible manufacturing processes. As a result, it is possible to vary either the machine operations or the product route within highly automated and connected material handling systems. Therefore, the scheduling process is more complex as it involves solving the routing problem within different alternatives and sharing redundant resources between multiple production processes, thereby increasing workload and bottlenecks within the system. Thus, it is imperative to address the scheduling problem while taking into account the physical constraints caused by shared machines and product routing. This paper proposes a Mixed Integer Linear Programming algorithm to solve the flow-shop scheduling problem and minimize the makespan while balancing the machine usage to limit emergent behaviours due to over-utilization. The robustness of the approach is then verified in the case of delays which alter the processing time on machines. Experiments on a limited instance of a flexible manufacturing system confirm the effectiveness of the solution, with a small increase in completion time even for high-magnitude delays.","PeriodicalId":181642,"journal":{"name":"2023 18th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference (SoSe)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125828528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Architecting, Modeling, Analyzing and Prototyping MUM-T SAR Missions in the SE Capstone Projects","authors":"O. Yakimenko","doi":"10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178571","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an example of a mission-oriented system-of-systems (SoS) engineering effort conducted within a three-quarter long multidisciplinary capstone project. This effort follows the common systems engineering (SE) method and utilizes standard model-based systems engineering (MBSE) tools. The analytical models used in a MBSE analysis of a typical search and rescue (SAR) mission involving manned-unmanned teaming (MUM-T) were based on actual prototyping and testing of a variety of critical components of the envisioned SoS in the field experimentation campaign executed in an emulated operating environment. The paper discusses examples of activities that students from several engineering curricula were involved with to enhance their theoretical core knowledge and obtain a real-world hands-on engineering experience in system architecting, modeling, prototyping, testing and evaluation.","PeriodicalId":181642,"journal":{"name":"2023 18th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference (SoSe)","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124780085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inverse Approach to the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution under Combinatorial Behavior with Two Decision Makers","authors":"Bingfeng Ge, Yuming Huang, Zeqiang Hou, Jianbin Sun, Yaqian You, Kewei Yang","doi":"10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178582","url":null,"abstract":"Conflict occurs when different stakeholders have different value systems for a given issue, and each of them can change the state of the conflict, but together they determine the resulting outcome. Sometimes, the outcomes that are undesired by decision makers (DMs) or third parties may be obtained. The inverse graph model for conflict resolution (GMCR) is presented to help the DMs or third parties reach to an expected equilibrium. However, in some complex conflicts, different DMs would have distinct behavioral patterns (named combinatorial behaviors), which is beyond the existing inverse GMCR studies. This paper aims to extend inverse GMCR to achieve the desired equilibrium under combinatorial behavior by optimizing the preferences. The combinatorial behavior is first introduced, and then combinatorial equilibrium is formally defined. After that, an inverse preference optimization model with two DMs under combinatorial behavior is developed that is solved by the genetic algorithm (GA). Finally, the Iran nuclear dispute is applied to explain how the proposed approach can be employed in practice.","PeriodicalId":181642,"journal":{"name":"2023 18th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference (SoSe)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130543915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Wilking, Marc Behringer, M. Fett, S. Goetz, E. Kirchner, S. Wartzack
{"title":"Concept of a Modular and System Model Driven Digital Twin for Engineering Education","authors":"F. Wilking, Marc Behringer, M. Fett, S. Goetz, E. Kirchner, S. Wartzack","doi":"10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178517","url":null,"abstract":"Driven by the opportunities for condition monitoring and new business models, Digital Twins have become a popular topic within research and industrial application over the last years. Therefore, universities must integrate the development of Digital Twins into their educational program to enable future engineers to overcome the challenges concomitant with Digital Twins. While a theoretical basis for Digital Twins is crucial e.g., hardware-software integration, Internet of Things (IoT) or simulation models, a practical combination of these heterogeneous components is also necessary to introduce the Digital Twin as a whole concept. With Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) an approach was introduced to grasp complexity by using system models e.g., through SysML diagrams. Digital Twins are an example for advanced systems shaped by high complexity. The usage of system models is therefore likely. With this contribution, a concept is presented to combine system models and Digital Twins to create a prototype for academic education and the conduction of student projects.","PeriodicalId":181642,"journal":{"name":"2023 18th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference (SoSe)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114069731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jose Garcia, Mevlut A. Demir, Gabriela F. Cretu-Ciocarlie, John J. Prevost
{"title":"Delay Tolerant Networks for Industry 4.0","authors":"Jose Garcia, Mevlut A. Demir, Gabriela F. Cretu-Ciocarlie, John J. Prevost","doi":"10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178635","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in Industry 4.0 are being increasingly incorporated into general manufacturing as stakeholders are persuaded of the benefits. One of the key technologies viewed beneficial to manufactures is the use of 5G wireless communications. While integrating 5G networks into manufacturing settings is seen as necessary to satisfy Industry 4.0 requirements, doing so risks exposing manufacturing networks to threats. While applying safeguards against these threats is critically important, maintaining high availability during active threats is also essential for manufacturing. Delay tolerant networks (DTN), first proposed by NASA for communication using space-based networks, have been shown effective in mitigating the effects of network delay, disruption, and/or disconnection. In this paper, we examine the use of DTN in manufacturing environments. We propose a method for combating network denial and delay attacks, and demonstrate how DTN's self-healing mechanisms leads to emergent behaviors that automatically safeguard manufacturing operations.","PeriodicalId":181642,"journal":{"name":"2023 18th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference (SoSe)","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132144334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"System of Systems for Distributed Disaggregated Communications via Reinforcement Learning and Backpressure (D2CRaB)","authors":"Mu-Cheng Wang, P. Hershey","doi":"10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178551","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on effectively communicating within distributed and disaggregated multi-domain battlespace operational system of systems (SoS) environments. To do so, the individual participating communications systems must be adaptive in response to ever-changing on-mission events such as, network congestion (e.g., degraded comms links and excessive network traffic), enemy interference (e.g., jamming, cyber-attacks), line of sight degradation (e.g., weather conditions). These challenges cause traditional communications systems networks to drop packets, which they presently do according to pre-specified Quality of Service (QoS) policies. However, these QoS policies alone do not actually mitigate the congestion problem because the impacted streams employ reliable communications protocols, such as TCP, that require dropped packets to be retransmitted over the same route. This approach can make the congestion problem even worse and waste the valuable bandwidth. The approach presented here introduces the novel System of Systems (SoS) for Distributed Disaggregated Communications via Reinforcement Learning (RL) and Backpressure (D2CRaB) to overcome the above stated limitations. D2CRaB does so in two ways: (1) by bridging route selection and congestion control via a new backpressure scheme and (2) by leveraging RL to enable the dynamic and continuous adaptation to changing network conditions. These new advancements, greatly extend the available bandwidth of the original congested communications system to that available of other communications systems within the multi-domain SoS. By so doing, congestion can be relieved, and packet drops can be greatly reduced.","PeriodicalId":181642,"journal":{"name":"2023 18th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference (SoSe)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115013389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Malina Adach, Nazakat Ali, Kaj Hänninen, K. Lundqvist
{"title":"Hazard Analysis on a System of Systems using the Hazard Ontology","authors":"Malina Adach, Nazakat Ali, Kaj Hänninen, K. Lundqvist","doi":"10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178442","url":null,"abstract":"Today, well-established hazard analysis techniques are available and widely used to identify hazards for single systems in various industries. However, hazard analysis techniques for a System of Systems (SoS) are not properly investigated. SoS is a complex system where multiple systems work together to achieve a common goal. However, the interaction between systems may lead to unforeseen interactions and interdependencies between systems. This increases the difficulty of identifying and assessing system failures and potential safety hazards. In this paper, we explore whether Hazard Ontology (HO) can be applied to an SoS and whether it can identify emergent hazards, their causes, sources, and consequences. To conduct our exploration, we apply the HO to a quarry automation site (an SoS) from the construction equipment domain. The results indicate that the HO is a promising technique that facilitates the identification of emergent hazards and their components.","PeriodicalId":181642,"journal":{"name":"2023 18th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference (SoSe)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129491857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alessandro Bozzi, Simone Graffione, R. Sacile, Enrico Zero
{"title":"Distributed Control of a System of Systems: An Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers Approach","authors":"Alessandro Bozzi, Simone Graffione, R. Sacile, Enrico Zero","doi":"10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178586","url":null,"abstract":"In a system of systems, a system can be modelled as a set of interacting subsystems. When each subsystem can be separately controlled, a distributed algorithm can be applied to manage the control. In this work, we propose a distributed approach, the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM), based on a distributed Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) approach to manage the achievement of a common goal cooperatively. The proposed approach can work with different agents with a limited observation of the system of systems state. The method is demonstrated on a natural system including four interconnected water tanks (quad tank system) whose level can be controlled by two pumps. The results show the behaviour of the proposed algorithm when the tanks have to reach a constant set point and when they must agree on a time-varying set point.","PeriodicalId":181642,"journal":{"name":"2023 18th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference (SoSe)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129187272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Automated Derivation of Test Requirements for Systems of Systems","authors":"Jhonatan Azevedo Gonçalves, F. Lonetti, V. Neves","doi":"10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178516","url":null,"abstract":"Testing of Systems of Systems (SoS) is challenging and improving its cost-effectiveness is a relevant research topic. In this paper, we propose TESoS (Test Engine for Systems of Systems), a systematic approach that selects from SoS models, defined in mKAOS language, the functionalities to be tested and then automatically derives a set of test requirements. TESoS allows to classify test requirements according to unit, integration, and system testing levels. Moreover, it helps test planning by providing the tester with automated facilities for supporting the unit testing of constituent systems and computing the percentage of test requirements that are satisfied with a given test suite. We illustrate the TESoS application on an SoS case study in the educational domain.","PeriodicalId":181642,"journal":{"name":"2023 18th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference (SoSe)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121795021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Higher-Level Capabilities of System-of-Systems Constituents: A Case of Industrial Ecosystems","authors":"J. Axelsson, Peter Eriksson","doi":"10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SoSE59841.2023.10178670","url":null,"abstract":"In a system-of-systems, independent constituent systems collaborate to achieve broader capabilities they cannot provide on their own. This paper investigates the nature of the constituent system capabilities beyond basic operational actions, to achieve a deeper understanding of what is required to participate in a system-of-systems. Through a case study of industrial ecosystems, the need is shown for planning how to use basic operational capabilities, for dynamic capabilities to achieve long-term evolution, and for resilience capabilities to deal with perturbations. This also affects the governance of the system. The findings are used to extend an existing conceptual model of constituent systems and to characterize collaboration in a system-of-systems that implements a value network.","PeriodicalId":181642,"journal":{"name":"2023 18th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference (SoSe)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133026778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}