Lung最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Active Chronic Cigarette-Smoke Exposure on Circulating Fibrocytes.","authors":"Faheem Khan, Eoin P Judge, Jeeban P Das, Daniel White, Carolyn Ingram, Michael P Keane, Marcus W Butler","doi":"10.1007/s00408-024-00720-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00408-024-00720-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the hypothesis that active smoking impacts upon mediators and abundance of circulating fibrocyte cells in smoking-related disease characterised by fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to investigate blood from five patient groups: healthy never-smokers, healthy current smokers, stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) active smokers, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) never-smokers, and IPF active smokers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant inverse dose-response relationship was observed in healthy smokers among cumulative smoking burden (pack-years) and fibrocyte abundance (p = 0.006, r = -0.86). Among serum profibrotic fibrocyte chemokines measured, CCL18 rose significantly alongside fibrocyte numbers in all five subject groups, while having an inverse dose-response relationship with pack-year burden in healthy smokers (p = 0.003, r = -0.89). In IPF, CCL2 rose in direct proportion to fibrocyte abundance irrespective of smoking status but had lower serum levels in those currently smoking (p =  < 0.001). For the study population, CXCL12 was decreased in pooled current smokers versus never-smokers (p = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The suppressive effect of current, as distinct from former, chronic smoking on circulating fibrocyte abundance in healthy smokers, and modulation of regulatory chemokine levels by active smoking may have implications for future studies of fibrocytes in smoking-related lung diseases as a potential confounding variable.</p>","PeriodicalId":18163,"journal":{"name":"Lung","volume":" ","pages":"431-440"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11272705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141457770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient Perception of Cough in Interstitial Lung Disease; Impact of Cough Hypersensitivity.","authors":"B Hirons, K Rhatigan, L Wright, H Kesavan, E Mackay, P S P Cho, S S Birring, K J Myall","doi":"10.1007/s00408-024-00723-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00408-024-00723-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cough is common in interstitial lung disease (ILD) and is associated with disease progression, yet its mechanisms are understudied. We investigated cough hypersensitivity features and impact in ILD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants with ILD and cough (n = 195) completed a multiple choice and free text questionnaire on cough sensations/triggers and impacts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of participants were male (54%), aged > 65 (64%), with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF, 75%). Common cough triggers were body position (74%), physical activity (72%), and talking (62%). Common laryngeal sensations were globus (43%), and itch/tickle (42%). Cough impacted everyday life in 55%, and all activities in 31%, causing exhaustion (59%), social embarrassment (70%), urinary incontinence (46% females), and syncope/pre-syncope (12%). The total number of cough-provoking sensations/triggers correlated with impacts; ρ = 0.73, p < 0.001.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cough hypersensitivity symptoms are prevalent in ILD and detrimentally affect quality of life. Further studies investigating mechanisms of cough hypersensitivity and targeted pharmacotherapy are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":18163,"journal":{"name":"Lung","volume":" ","pages":"425-430"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11272731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141559096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Biologics in Patients with Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Xiaoying Chen, Haopeng Zhi, Xiaohu Wang, Zicong Zhou, Huiting Luo, Jing Li, Roma Sehmi, Paul M O'Byrne, Ruchong Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00408-024-00717-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00408-024-00717-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Treatment of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is challenging. Biological therapies have been reported as adjunctive treatments for ABPA, primarily in case series or case reports. This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of biologics for managing ABPA both qualitatively and quantitatively.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All articles on APBA published in October 2023 were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Embase databases. The effects of interest were the mean changes from baseline for outcomes, including exacerbation rates, oral corticosteroids usage (OCS), and total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. Reported outcomes were quantitatively synthesized by usual or individual patient data (IPD) meta-analyses. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022373396.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 86 studies were included in the systematic review including 346 patients. Sixteen studies on omalizumab were pooled for the usual meta-analysis. Omalizumab therapy significantly reduced exacerbation rates (- 2.29 [95%CI - 3.32, - 1.26]), OCS dosage (- 10.91 mg [95%CI - 18.98, - 2.85]), and total IgE levels (- 273.07 IU/mL [95%CI - 379.30, - 166.84]), meanwhile improving FEV1% predicted (10.09% [95%CI 6.62, 13.55]). Thirty-one studies on dupilumab, mepolizumab, or benralizumab were pooled to perform an IPD meta-analysis, retrospectively. Both dupilumab and mepolizumab significantly reduced exacerbation rates, OCS, and total IgE levels. Benralizumab showed a similar trend, but it was not statistically significant. Tezepelumab showed weak evidence of its effects on ABPA. All five biologics led to milder clinical symptoms (e.g., cough, wheezing) with serious adverse effects that happened once in omalizumab treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results indicate the clinical benefit of omalizumab, dupilumab, and mepolizumab in patients with ABPA. Further randomized, controlled studies with a larger sample size and longer follow-up are needed to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":18163,"journal":{"name":"Lung","volume":" ","pages":"367-383"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141427120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-Life Response to Biologics in Severe Asthma with Nasal Polyposis: Insights from the Belgian Severe Asthma Registry.","authors":"Femke Demolder, Eef Vanderhelst, Sylvia Verbanck, Florence Schleich, Renaud Louis, Guy Brusselle, Carine Sohy, Alain Michils, Rudi Peché, Charles Pilette, Shane Hanon","doi":"10.1007/s00408-024-00715-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00408-024-00715-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nasal polyposis (NP) is a comorbidity of type 2 severe asthma (SA) which could influence response to SA biologics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated (super-) response in SA patients with (NP +) and without NP (NP-) enrolled in the Belgian Severe Asthma Registry (BSAR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>914 patients, of whom 31% NP + , were included. At enrollment, NP + patients had higher annual exacerbation rates, higher number of emergency room visits and more elevated type 2 biomarkers. In the longitudinal subanalysis of 104 patients, both groups had significant and similar asthma responses to asthma biologics, except for a greater increase in FEV₁ in the NP + group. Super-response was achieved in 33 patients (32%), irrespective of NP status or type of biologic.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, both NP + and NP - patients had positive treatment responses, with some able to achieve super-response. In SA patients with NP, a greater FEV₁ improvement as compared to SA patients without NP was observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":18163,"journal":{"name":"Lung","volume":" ","pages":"441-448"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141616758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Cough Severity with Asthma Control and Quality of Life in Patients with Severe Asthma.","authors":"Hwa Young Lee, Youngsoo Lee, Ji-Hyang Lee, Seung-Eun Lee, Da Woon Sim, Noeul Kang, Joo-Hee Kim, Sung-Yoon Kang, Kyoung-Hee Sohn, Young Hee Nam, Sujeong Kim, Chan Sun Park, So Ri Kim, Jin An, Byung-Keun Kim, Hyun Jung Jin, So-Young Park, Byung-Jae Lee, Sook Young Lee, Hae-Sim Park, You Sook Cho, Sang-Heon Kim, Woo-Jung Song","doi":"10.1007/s00408-024-00710-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00408-024-00710-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Symptoms are important components in determining asthma control and in the adjustment of treatment levels. However, clinical relevance of cough in severe asthma is not well-understood. This study aimed to evaluate the severity and association of cough with patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in patients with severe asthma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study analyzed cross-sectional data from the Korean Severe Asthma Registry. The severity of coughing and wheezing symptoms was assessed using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) ranging from 0 to 100 for each symptom. Additionally, PROs included the Asthma Control Test (ACT), the Severe Asthma Questionnaire (SAQ), and the EuroQoL 5-Dimension (EQ-5D) index. Multivariate linear regression analysis was employed to explore the relationship between cough severity and other PRO scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 498 patients with severe asthma (age: 57.9 ± 13.1 years, females: 60.2%) were analyzed. The cough VAS score was higher than the wheeze score (median 30, [interquartile range 10-50] vs. 20 [0-50]; P < 0.001). Additionally, 22.5% of patients ranked in a higher tertile for cough severity compared to wheezing, while 18.5% ranked higher for wheezing severity than cough. Significant correlations were observed between cough and wheeze VAS scores (r = 0.61, P < 0.05) and between each symptom's VAS score and the SAQ (cough: r = -0.41, P < 0.001; wheeze: r = -0.52, P < 0.001), ACT scores (cough: r = -0.50, P < 0.001; wheeze: r = -0.63, P < 0.001) and EQ-5D index (cough: r = -0.40, P < 0.001; wheeze: r = -0.45, P < 0.001). In univariate regression analysis, the cough VAS score had weaker descriptive power (R²) values than the wheeze VAS score in relation to the PRO measures. Nevertheless, cough severity remained significantly associated with ACT, SAQ scores and EQ-5D index in multivariate analyses adjusted for wheeze severity and other confounders.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cough frequently presents as a severe symptom in patients with severe asthma and could have distinct impact on asthma control and quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":18163,"journal":{"name":"Lung","volume":" ","pages":"405-414"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141284136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic Expression of T2-Inflammation Genes in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Longitudinal Clinical Outcomes in Asthma: Insights from the COREA Study.","authors":"Duong Duc Pham, Eunsoon Shin, Jong Eun Lee, Ji-Hyang Lee, Woo-Jung Song, Hyouk-Soo Kwon, You Sook Cho, Sungho Won, Tae-Bum Kim","doi":"10.1007/s00408-024-00728-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00408-024-00728-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gene expression can provide distinct information compared to clinical biomarkers in the context of longitudinal clinical outcomes in asthma patients.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined the association between the gene expression levels of upstream (IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP) and downstream cytokines (IL-5, IL-4, and IL-13) in the T2 inflammatory pathway with a 12-month follow-up of exacerbation, lung function, and steroid use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Transcriptomic sequencing analysis was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 279 adult asthmatics. Survival analysis and linear mixed-effect models were used to investigate potential differences between the high-level and low-level gene expression groups and the clinical outcomes. Analysis was performed separately for the upstream, downstream, and all 6 cytokines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In general, T2 inflammatory cytokine gene expression showed a weak correlation with blood eosinophil counts (all r < 0.1) and clinical outcomes. Among moderate-to-severe eosinophilic asthma (MSEA) patients, individuals with elevated levels of downstream cytokines were at increased risk of time-to-first exacerbation (p = 0.044) and a greater increase of inhaled corticosteroid use over time (p = 0.002) compared to those with lower gene expression. There was no association between baseline T2 inflammatory cytokine gene expression and the longitudinal changes in lung function over time among MSEA patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that, among MSEA patients, the gene expression levels of downstream cytokines in the T2 inflammatory pathway may serve as indicators for endotyping asthma.</p>","PeriodicalId":18163,"journal":{"name":"Lung","volume":" ","pages":"449-457"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141590699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Roles of Galectin-3 in Pulmonary Diseases.","authors":"Qi Jia, Yiyi Yang, Shanglong Yao, Xiangdong Chen, Zhiqiang Hu","doi":"10.1007/s00408-024-00709-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00408-024-00709-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Galectin-3 is a multifunctional protein that is involved in various physiological and pathological events. Emerging evidence suggests that galectin-3 also plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases. Galectin-3 can be produced and secreted by various cell types in the lungs, and the overexpression of galectin-3 has been found in acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS), pulmonary hypertension (PH), pulmonary fibrosis diseases, lung cancer, lung infection, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma. Galectin-3 exerts diverse effects on the inflammatory response, immune cell activation, fibrosis and tissue remodeling, and tumorigenesis in these pulmonary disorders, and genetic and pharmacologic modulation of galectin-3 has therapeutic effects on the treatment of pulmonary illnesses. In this review, we summarize the structure and function of galectin-3 and the underlying mechanisms of galectin-3 in pulmonary disease pathologies; we also discuss preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the therapeutic potential of galectin-3 inhibitors in these pulmonary disorders. Additionally, targeting galectin-3 may be a very promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of pulmonary diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":18163,"journal":{"name":"Lung","volume":" ","pages":"385-403"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141293553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correspondence Regarding Lee et al.: Placebo Control is Vital in Assessing Therapy in Chronic Cough.","authors":"Mengru Zhang, Alyn Morice","doi":"10.1007/s00408-024-00726-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00408-024-00726-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18163,"journal":{"name":"Lung","volume":" ","pages":"483-484"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of Concomitant Cardiac Surgical Procedures Performed During Pediatric Lung Transplantation in the United States.","authors":"Aadhyasri Ramineni, Muhammad Faateh, Amir Mehdizadeh-Shrifi, Don Hayes, David L S Morales","doi":"10.1007/s00408-024-00718-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00408-024-00718-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Data on concomitant cardiac surgery (CCS) performed during pediatric lung transplantation (LTx) is limited. Therefore, we conducted a multi-institutional analysis to identify the incidence and outcomes of CCS in pediatric (< 18 years) LTx recipients by merging data (2004-2023) from the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) and Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) databases. Of the total of 596 pediatric LTx recipients, 87 (15%) underwent CCS. The majority of these cardiac surgeries were atrial septal defect (ASD) closure (90%) followed by aortic arch/descending aortic repair (3%), atrial repair (3%), ventricular septal defect closure (2%), patent ductus arteriosus ligation (2%), and tricuspid valve repair (2%). The median age at LTx was 3 years (IQR: 0-12). Pulmonary hypertension (PHT) was the predominant indication for LTx (54%). Survival to discharge was 94% and 5-years survival was 64%. Our findings indicate CCS in children undergoing LTx has acceptable outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18163,"journal":{"name":"Lung","volume":" ","pages":"459-464"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141545011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning from Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Identifies Factors Associated with Neurological Outcomes.","authors":"Albert Leng, Benjamin Shou, Olivia Liu, Preetham Bachina, Andrew Kalra, Errol L Bush, Glenn J R Whitman, Sung-Min Cho","doi":"10.1007/s00408-024-00708-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00408-024-00708-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neurological complications are common in patients receiving veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) support. We used machine learning (ML) algorithms to identify predictors for neurological outcomes for these patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All demographic, clinical, and circuit-related variables were extracted for adults with VV-ECMO support at a tertiary care center from 2016 to 2022. The primary outcome was good neurological outcome (GNO) at discharge defined as a modified Rankin Scale of 0-3.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 99 total VV-ECMO patients (median age = 48 years; 65% male), 37% had a GNO. The best performing ML model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.87. Feature importance analysis identified down-trending gas/sweep/blender flow, FiO₂, and pump speed as the most salient features for predicting GNO.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Utilizing pre- as well as post-initiation variables, ML identified on-ECMO physiologic and pulmonary conditions that best predicted neurological outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18163,"journal":{"name":"Lung","volume":" ","pages":"465-470"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141175473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}