Lung最新文献

{"title":"Burden of Chronic Cough and Refractory/Unexplained Chronic Cough in South Korea: A Multicenter, Observational Study (CHORUS).","authors":"Ji-Su Shim, Min-Hye Kim, Sung-Yoon Kang, Ji-Ho Lee, Eun-Jung Jo, Byung-Jae Lee, Sang-Heon Cho, JeeEun Jang, Woo-Jung Song","doi":"10.1007/s00408-026-00892-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-026-00892-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Refractory or unexplained chronic cough (RUCC) represents an unmet clinical need. This study aimed to explore the components constituting the disease burden in patients with RUCC by comparing clinical features, healthcare use, and patient-reported outcomes with those of chronic cough (CC) of recent onset (< 1 year).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 200 individuals were prospectively enrolled from seven referral clinics in South Korea, including 100 with RUCC and 100 with CC of recent onset (< 1 year). Data were obtained through structured interviews and medical record reviews. Measures included general and cough-specific quality-of-life, mood, cough hypersensitivity symptoms, work productivity, and healthcare utilization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals with RUCC were significantly older than those with CC (57.5 ± 15.1 vs. 48.9 ± 17.6 years) and had markedly longer cough duration (median 80 vs. 4 months). The RUCC group demonstrated higher out-of-pocket costs, more healthcare facility visits, and greater numbers of diagnostic tests and prescribed medications. However, cough-specific and general health-related quality of life scores showed no significant differences. Correlation analysis revealed comparable but stronger associations between cough-specific quality-of-life and general health outcomes in RUCC than in CC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RUCC imposes a substantial and multidimensional burden that extends beyond symptom severity. Chronicity, healthcare complexity, and psychosocial impact appear to be central features. Future evaluation tools should incorporate time and lived experience to more accurately capture the true burden of chronic cough.</p>","PeriodicalId":18163,"journal":{"name":"Lung","volume":"204 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Lung Transplantation Following Non-Transplant Cardiac Surgery: A Contemporary Analysis.","authors":"Wonshill Koh, JangDong Seo, Todd Jenkins, Don Hayes","doi":"10.1007/s00408-026-00893-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00408-026-00893-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>More children are undergoing congenital or non-congenital cardiac surgery today which can impact outcomes for subsequent thoracic surgery. However, post-lung transplant (LTx) outcomes of children with previous cardiac surgery are unknown, so we explored this important issue using a publicly available database.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was performed using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR). First-time pediatric LTx candidates without and with history of prior cardiac surgery, excluding previous cardiothoracic transplantation, from 2003 to 2024 were enrolled into our study. Univariate analyses, multivariable Cox regression, and Kaplan-Meier plots were performed for a comprehensive analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 1333 and 144 LTx candidates without and with prior cardiac surgery (52 with congenital surgery, 92 with non-congenital surgery) with more children with cardiac surgery being listed for LTx over time. There were 811 LTx recipients without prior cardiac surgery compared to 63 with prior cardiac surgery (14 congenital, 49 non-congenital). Children with prior congenital cardiac surgery were much younger, and pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) was the most common indication for LTx. Prior non-congenital cardiac surgery did not negatively impact short- or long-term post-LTx outcomes in children. However, history of congenital cardiac surgery was associated with high waitlist mortality (31% compared to 15% (no surgery) and 21% (non-congenital surgery), p < 0.001) and worse long-term outcomes (HR 1.89; 95% CI 1.01, 3.53, p = 0.048).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is an increasing number of children with previous cardiac surgery undergoing LTx especially in the setting of congenital heart disease with subsequent PVD.</p>","PeriodicalId":18163,"journal":{"name":"Lung","volume":"204 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13149919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elastin as a Therapeutic Target in COPD.","authors":"Jerome O Cantor, Gerard M Turino","doi":"10.1007/s00408-026-00891-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-026-00891-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18163,"journal":{"name":"Lung","volume":"204 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147816765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"USP10 from Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Mediates SCL7A11 Deubiquitination in Epithelial Cells: A Key to Anti-ferroptosis and Anti-fibrosis in Pulmonary Fibrosis.","authors":"Yi Zhuo, Lanying Lin, Nanlong Lin, Fancai Lai","doi":"10.1007/s00408-026-00890-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-026-00890-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a lethal lung disease distinguished by deteriorating pulmonary function. This study investigated whether human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) alleviate PF in mice by suppressing ferroptosis through ubiquitin-specific protease 10 (USP10)-mediated deubiquitination of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF mouse model was established and treated with HUMSCs or Erastin. In vitro, BEAS-2B cells were challenged with BLM and co-cultured with HUMSCs, with further manipulations using si-SLC7A11, si-USP10, or oe-USP10. USP10 expression in the characterized HUMSCs-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) were measured by western blot techniques. Lung edema, histopathology, fibrosis, collagen deposition, and hydroxyproline were assessed. Ferroptosis, cell viability, cell death, lipid peroxidation, SLC7A11/USP10 expression, and fibrosis were analyzed by CCK-8, lactate dehydrogenase, BODIPY 581/591 C11 staining, RT-qPCR, and western blot assays. USP10-SLC7A11 interaction, SLC7A11 ubiquitination, and protein stability were evaluated using Co-immunoprecipitation and cycloheximide chase assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BLM-induced PF mice exhibited aggravated lung injury, enhanced fibrosis and ferroptosis, and reduced glutathione peroxidase 4, SLC7A11, and USP10 expression. USP10 was enriched in HUMSCs-EVs. HUMSCs significantly upregulated USP10, attenuated PF, and suppressed ferroptosis in vivo and in vitro. USP10 knockdown or SLC7A11 downregulation reversed the protective effects of HUMSCs. Mechanistically, BLM-induced downregulation of USP10 increased SLC7A11 ubiquitination and reduced its protein stability. In vivo experiments validated that HUMSCs-mediated USP10/SLC7A11 mitigated BLM-induced PF in mice by inhibiting ferroptosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HUMSCs-EVs ameliorate BLM-induced PF by inhibiting ferroptosis through USP10-mediated deubiquitination of SLC7A11, highlighting a novel therapeutic mechanism for MSC-based therapy in PF.</p>","PeriodicalId":18163,"journal":{"name":"Lung","volume":"204 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating Biomarkers for Predicting Disease Progression in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Insights into Precision Medicine.","authors":"Parinya Ruenwilai, Pattraporn Tajarernmuang, Siriporn C Chattipakorn, Nipon Chattipakorn, Krekwit Shinlapawittayatorn","doi":"10.1007/s00408-026-00887-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-026-00887-x","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease with increasing incidence and poor prognosis, with a median survival of approximately 3 years. Although antifibrotic therapies such as nintedanib and pirfenidone offer modest benefits in slowing disease progression. In addition, nerandomilast, a selective phosphodiesterase-4B inhibitor recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of IPF and progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF), has demonstrated efficacy in slowing disease progression. Acute exacerbations significantly contribute to mortality, with a median survival of approximately 4 months. Current demographic, clinical, physiological, and radiological parameters provide limited prognostic insights, often detecting disease only after substantial pulmonary damage has occurred. This underscores an urgent need for circulating biomarkers capable of detecting early disease progression, including subtle declines in lung function and radiologic progression of fibrosis, before clinically apparent deterioration occurs. Such biomarkers may allow earlier identification of patients at risk of rapid disease progression by detecting biological changes that precede measurable declines in forced vital capacity or radiologic progression on high-resolution computed tomography. Among emerging approaches for disease monitoring and prognostic assessment, blood-based biomarkers have emerged as promising tools for assessing disease progression and prognosis due to their minimally invasive nature. However, the reproducibility and validation of these biomarkers across diverse populations remain suboptimal. Integrating multiple biomarkers with established clinical and radiological parameters holds the potential to enhance prognostic precision. While high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is pivotal for diagnosis, its prognostic utility remains constrained. This review delves into the latest advancements in biomarker research for IPF, shedding light on their prospective applications in disease monitoring, therapeutic stratification, and the paradigm of precision medicine.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose: &lt;/strong&gt;Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease with increasing incidence and poor prognosis, with a median survival of approximately 3 years. Although antifibrotic therapies such as nintedanib and pirfenidone offer modest benefits in slowing disease progression, nerandomilast, a selective phosphodiesterase-4B inhibitor recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of IPF and progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF), has demonstrated efficacy in slowing disease progression. Acute exacerbations significantly contribute to mortality, with a median survival of approximately 4 months. This review aims to summarize current evidence on circulating biomarkers for predicting disease progression in IPF.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: ","PeriodicalId":18163,"journal":{"name":"Lung","volume":"204 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metagenomic Microbial Next-Generation Gene Sequencing as a Noninvasive Diagnostic Tool in Adult Lung Transplantation: A Retrospective Case Series.","authors":"Leela Krishna Teja Boppana, Remzi Bag","doi":"10.1007/s00408-026-00885-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-026-00885-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18163,"journal":{"name":"Lung","volume":"204 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Inhaled GM-CSF in Autoimmune Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Mehak Dang, Aashray Raj, Abdrabo Gamal Motawea, Sahithi Mani Chandana Paramkusam, Sarah Pelumi Fatukasi, Abhinav Vardhan Paramkusam, Rohit Ganduboina, Hosana Candreva, Rajendra Prasad Shivaswamy","doi":"10.1007/s00408-026-00889-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-026-00889-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP) is a rare lung disorder characterized by autoantibodies against Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF). Whole-lung lavage is the conventional treatment, but it does not address the underlying pathophysiology. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to further evaluate the effects of inhaled GM-CSF on gas exchange, oxygenation, and lung volume.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines. A literature search was performed across PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from inception to October 2025. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) comparing inhaled GM-CSF to a control in adult patients with aPAP were included. The primary outcomes assessed pulmonary gas exchange, oxygenation, and lung volume, while exercise capacity and dyspnea levels were secondary outcomes. Statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager (RevMan) version 5.4.1 and R version 4.5.2, with heterogeneity assessed using I² statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four phase III RCTs comprising 402 patients (224 inhaled GM-CSF, 178 control) with ≥ 25 weeks of follow-up were included. Inhaled GM-CSF significantly enhanced DLCO% predicted (MD 5.09; 95% CI 2.05 to 8.13; p = 0.001; I² = 0%) and reduced PA-aO₂ (MD - 4.25; 95% CI - 6.62 to - 1.88; p = 0.0004; I² = 0%), with corresponding increases in PaO₂. Dyspnea scores significantly improved (SMD - 0.49; 95% CI - 0.70 to - 0.29; I² = 9%). No significant improvements were observed in lung volume or exercise capacity. Continuous and intermittent regimens demonstrated comparable efficacy and side effects across subgroups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Inhaled GM-CSF improves gas exchange, oxygenation, and dyspnea in aPAP while maintaining a favorable safety profile, indicating its potential as a noninvasive, targeted therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":18163,"journal":{"name":"Lung","volume":"204 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Performance and Safety of Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Sampling for Mediastinal/Hilar Lymphadenopathy: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.","authors":"Shuping Lyu, Ziwen Zheng, Junwei Guo, Xiaoya Yu, Xiaoguo Feng, Mingming Deng, Venerino Poletti, Gang Hou","doi":"10.1007/s00408-026-00888-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-026-00888-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mediastinal and/or hilar lymphadenopathy (MHL) has become more frequently identified. Despite advances in endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-guided sampling, evidence on the optimal modality is lacking. This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed to compare the diagnostic performance and safety of different EBUS-guided sampling methods in MHL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was performed on published studies reporting the diagnostic performance and complications of EBUS-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA), EBUS-guided transbronchial mediastinal cryobiopsy (EBUS-TBMC), EBUS-guided transbronchial forceps biopsy (EBUS-TBFB) to sample MHL. The outcomes included the diagnostic yield, diagnostic sensitivity, negative predictive value and complications. A frequentist random-effects model was employed to rank the diagnostic performance and safety for network meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis was performed with stratification by disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-two studies with 2357 patients were included. EBUS-TBMC had the highest diagnostic yield, at 88.0%, surpassing EBUS-TBFB (77.1%) and EBUS-TBNA (67.7%). For lymphoma, EBUS-TBMC achieved a diagnostic sensitivity of 94.1%, substantially higher than EBUS-TBNA (40.8%). For benign conditions, EBUS-TBMC (87.9%) also outperformed EBUS-TBNA (55.2%). In the network meta-analysis, the combination of EBUS-TBMC with EBUS-TBNA was the most effective approach and was significantly better than EBUS-TBNA alone. EBUS-TBMC was the best single method for diagnosing sarcoidosis. EBUS sampling can be considered acceptably safe, with the vast majority of complications being grade 1-2 bleeding.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EBUS-TBNA remains the established standard for diagnosing lung cancer among patients with MHL. EBUS-TBMC demonstrates superior overall performance, particularly in the diagnosis of benign entities and rare carcinomas. EBUS-TBFB plays a supplementary role. All of the techniques exhibit an acceptable safety profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":18163,"journal":{"name":"Lung","volume":"204 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Serum IgE is Associated with Risk of Severe Exacerbations Among Non-Eosinophilic Bronchiectasis.","authors":"Ting-Wei Kao, Ya-Hui Wang, Chia-Ling Chang, Chau-Chyun Sheu, Ping-Huai Wang, Meng-Heng Hsieh, Wu-Huei Hsu, Ming-Tsung Chen, Wei-Fan Ou, Yu-Feng Wei, Tsung-Ming Yang, Chou-Chin Lan, Cheng-Yi Wang, Chih-Bin Lin, Ming-Shian Lin, Yao-Tung Wang, Ching-Hsiung Lin, Shih-Feng Liu, Meng-Hsuan Cheng, Yen-Fu Chen, Wen-Chien Cheng, Chung-Kan Peng, Ming-Cheng Chan, Ching-Yi Chen, Lun-Yu Jao, Chi-Jui Chen, Shih-Pin Chen, Yi-Hsuan Tsai, Shih-Lung Cheng, Horng-Chyuan Lin, Jung-Yien Chien, Hao-Chien Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00408-026-00874-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-026-00874-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Bronchiectasis has traditionally been characterized as a neutrophil-driven disease, yet emerging evidence suggested inflammatory heterogeneities. The prognostic significance of elevated serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) in patients without peripheral eosinophilia remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a multicenter prospective cohort study between 2017 and 2020 across 16 institutions in Taiwan. Individuals with bronchiectasis but without allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis were included. Patients were stratified by baseline absolute eosinophil count (cutoff 300 /uL) and serum IgE level (≤ 100, 100-500, > 500 IU/mL). The primary endpoint was severe exacerbations resulting in hospitalization at one year. Secondary endpoints included all-cause mortality, distribution of sputum pathogen, imaging pattern, and lung function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 579 individuals were enrolled. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (10.7%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.0%) were the most commonly isolated microorganisms in sputum. 493 patients (85.1%) were categorized as low-eosinophil bronchiectasis, and 41 (7.1%) presented serum IgE levels exceeding 500 IU/mL. The rate of hospitalization for acute exacerbation in such group was pronouncedly higher than in patients with lower IgE levels (9.8% vs. 0.9% and 2.3%; P = 0.009). In multivariate analysis, IgE exceeding 500 IU/mL was the strongest independent predictor of hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio, 7.38; 95% confidence interval, 2.40-22.7; P < 0.001). The association was particularly pronounced in female and patients with coexisting asthma. All-cause mortality did not differ significantly among IgE strata.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Markedly elevated serum IgE independently predicted severe exacerbations resulting in hospitalization in patients with non-eosinophilic bronchiectasis, identifying a high-risk subgroup that may benefit from targeted immunomodulatory therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18163,"journal":{"name":"Lung","volume":"204 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13121277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Underlying Mechanisms of Comorbidity between Chronic Cough and Depression: A Review.","authors":"Beiyi Xiang, Mingtong Lin, Yang Rui, Chen Zhan, Yaowei He, Kefang Lai, Li Long, Zhe Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00408-026-00884-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-026-00884-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a complex bidirectional association between chronic cough and depression, which constitutes a significant medical challenge. Epidemiological studies have shown that the incidence of depression in patients with chronic cough is as high as 33-53%, while the risk of new-onset chronic cough is significantly increased in patients with depression. Specifically, the risk of cough in individuals with severe depression is 3.32 times than those without depressive symptoms. Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this bidirectional association include the following. From the perspective of neural pathways, the cough reflex and emotional regulation share neural pathways, including the vagus nerve, brainstem, limbic system, prefrontal cortex, and other brain regions. Both patients with chronic cough and depression exhibit abnormal functional connectivity and remodeling of the aforementioned neural pathways, as well as imbalanced levels of key neurotransmitters such as serotonin, glutamate, and γ-aminobutyric acid. From the perspective of the immune-inflammatory dimension, chronic inflammatory mediators such as IL-6 and TNF-α form a vicious cycle between peripheral inflammation and central inflammation, further exacerbating the comorbidity process. Elucidating the pathophysiological mechanism of this bidirectional association is of great theoretical and practical significance for optimizing clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies for comorbid patients, as well as improving their prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18163,"journal":{"name":"Lung","volume":"204 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147623240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}