Lung最新文献

{"title":"Predictive Value of CT Biomarkers in Lung Transplantation Survival: Preliminary Investigation in a Diverse, Underserved, Urban Population.","authors":"Renee S Friedman, Anna Tarasova, Vineet R Jain, Kenny Ye, Ali Mansour, Linda B Haramati","doi":"10.1007/s00408-023-00650-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00408-023-00650-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Survival following lung transplant is low. With limited donor lung availability, predicting post-transplant survival is key. We investigated the predictive value of pre-transplant CT biomarkers on survival.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this single-center retrospective cohort study of adults in a diverse, underserved, urban lung transplant program (11/8/2017-5/20/2022), chest CTs were analyzed using TeraRecon to assess musculature, fat, and bone. Erector spinae and pectoralis muscle area and attenuation were analyzed. Sarcopenia thresholds were 34.3 (women) and 38.5 (men) Hounsfield Units (HU). Visceral and subcutaneous fat area and HU, and vertebral body HU were measured. Demographics and pre-transplant metrics were recorded. Survival analyses included Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study cohort comprised 131 patients, 50 women, mean age 60.82 (SD 10.15) years, and mean follow-up 1.78 (SD 1.23) years. Twenty-nine percent were White. Mortality was 32.1%. Kaplan-Meier curves did not follow the proportional hazard assumption for sex, so analysis was stratified. Pre-transplant EMR metrics did not predict survival. Women without sarcopenia at erector spinae or pectoralis had 100% survival (p = 0.007). Sarcopenia did not predict survival in men and muscle area did not predict survival in either sex. Men with higher visceral fat area and HU had decreased survival (p = 0.02). Higher vertebral body density predicted improved survival in men (p = 0.026) and women (p = 0.045).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pre-transplantation CT biomarkers had predictive value in lung transplant survival and varied by sex. The absence of sarcopenia in women, lower visceral fat attenuation and area in men, and higher vertebral body density in both sexes predicted survival in our diverse, urban population.</p>","PeriodicalId":18163,"journal":{"name":"Lung","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71424754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Impact of Cancer Inflammation Prognostic Index for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.","authors":"Nozomu Motono, Takaki Mizoguchi, Masahito Ishikawa, Shun Iwai, Yoshihito Iijima, Hidetaka Uramoto","doi":"10.1007/s00408-023-00649-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00408-023-00649-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Cancer-inflammation prognostic index (CIPI) is calculated by multiplying the concentration of carcinoembryonic antigen by neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. CIPI has been reported as a prognostic factor for colorectal cancer. Although carcinoembryonic antigen and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio have been reported as prognostic factors for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), it has not been investigated whether CIPI is a useful marker.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed the prognostic factors, including CIPI, in 700 NSCLC patients treated by pulmonary resection. We also analyzed a subgroup of 482 patients with pathological stage I NSCLC.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>CIPI > 14.59 (P < 0.01), maximum standardized uptake value (SUV_max) > 5.35 (P < 0.01), lymphatic invasion (P = 0.01), and pathological stage (P < 0.01) were significant factors for relapse-free survival (RFS) in multivariate analysis. SUV_max > 5.35 (P < 0.01) and pathological stage (P < 0.01) were revealed as significant factors for overall survival in the multivariate analysis. In the subanalysis, CIPI > 14.88 (P = 0.01) and SUV_max > 5.07 (P < 0.01) were significant factors for RFS of pathological stage I NSCLC in multivariate analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CIPI was a significant factor for RFS in NSCLC patients treated surgically, even in those with pathological stage I disease. SUV_max was also a significant factor for RFS and overall survival in NSCLC patients treated surgically, and for RFS in patients with pathological stage I NSCLC.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The Institutional Review Board of Kanazawa Medical University approved the protocol of this retrospective study (Approval Number: I392), and written informed consent was obtained from all patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":18163,"journal":{"name":"Lung","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71424755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Sarcoidosis.","authors":"Dana Lew,&nbsp;Eyal Klang,&nbsp;Shelly Soffer,&nbsp;Adam S Morgenthau","doi":"10.1007/s00408-023-00641-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00408-023-00641-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Sarcoidosis is a complex disease which can affect nearly every organ system with manifestations ranging from asymptomatic imaging findings to sudden cardiac death. As such, diagnosis and prognostication are topics of continued investigation. Recent technological advancements have introduced multiple modalities of artificial intelligence (AI) to the study of sarcoidosis. Machine learning, deep learning, and radiomics have predominantly been used to study sarcoidosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Articles were collected by searching online databases using keywords such as sarcoid, machine learning, artificial intelligence, radiomics, and deep learning. Article titles and abstracts were reviewed for relevance by a single reviewer. Articles written in languages other than English were excluded.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Machine learning may be used to help diagnose pulmonary sarcoidosis and prognosticate in cardiac sarcoidosis. Deep learning is most comprehensively studied for diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis and has less frequently been applied to prognostication in cardiac sarcoidosis. Radiomics has primarily been used to differentiate sarcoidosis from malignancy. To date, the use of AI in sarcoidosis is limited by the rarity of this disease, leading to small, suboptimal training sets. Nevertheless, there are applications of AI that have been used to study other systemic diseases, which may be adapted for use in sarcoidosis. These applications include discovery of new disease phenotypes, discovery of biomarkers of disease onset and activity, and treatment optimization.</p>","PeriodicalId":18163,"journal":{"name":"Lung","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41137594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lung Microbiome as a Treatable Trait in Chronic Respiratory Disorders.","authors":"Filippo Scialò,&nbsp;Maria Vitale,&nbsp;Vito D'Agnano,&nbsp;Domenica Francesca Mariniello,&nbsp;Fabio Perrotta,&nbsp;Alice Castaldo,&nbsp;Susan F M Campbell,&nbsp;Lucio Pastore,&nbsp;Mario Cazzola,&nbsp;Andrea Bianco","doi":"10.1007/s00408-023-00645-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00408-023-00645-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Once thought to be a sterile environment, it is now established that lungs are populated by various microorganisms that participate in maintaining lung function and play an important role in shaping lung immune surveillance. Although our comprehension of the molecular and metabolic interactions between microbes and lung cells is still in its infancy, any event causing a persistent qualitative or quantitative variation in the composition of lung microbiome, termed \"dysbiosis\", has been virtually associated with many respiratory diseases. A deep understanding of the composition and function of the \"healthy\" lung microbiota and how dysbiosis can cause or participate in disease progression will be pivotal in finding specific therapies aimed at preventing diseases and restoring lung function. Here, we review lung microbiome dysbiosis in different lung pathologies and the mechanisms by which these bacteria can cause or contribute to the severity of the disease. Furthermore, we describe how different respiratory disorders can be caused by the same pathogen, and that the real pathogenetic mechanism is not only dependent by the presence and amount of the main pathogen but can be shaped by the interaction it can build with other bacteria, fungi, and viruses present in the lung. Understanding the nature of this bacteria crosstalk could further our understanding of each respiratory disease leading to the development of new therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18163,"journal":{"name":"Lung","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41142465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baseline Cohort Profile of the Korean Chronic Cough Registry: A Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study.","authors":"Eun-Jung Jo, Ji-Hyang Lee, Ha-Kyeong Won, Noeul Kang, Sung-Yoon Kang, Seung Eun Lee, Ji-Ho Lee, Mi-Yeong Kim, Ji-Su Shim, Jin An, Youngsang Yoo, So-Young Park, Byung-Keun Kim, Ji-Yong Moon, Han-Ki Park, Min-Hye Kim, Hyouk-Soo Kwon, Sae-Hoon Kim, Sang-Heon Kim, Yoon-Seok Chang, Sang-Hoon Kim, Surinder S Birring, Byung-Jae Lee, Woo-Jung Song","doi":"10.1007/s00408-023-00644-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00408-023-00644-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The Korean Chronic Cough Registry study was initiated to characterize patients with chronic cough (CC) and investigate their outcomes in real-world clinical practice. This report aims to describe the baseline cohort profile and study protocols.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicenter, prospective observational cohort study included newly referred CC patients and those already being treated for refractory or unexplained chronic cough (RUCC). Cough status was assessed using a visual analog scale, the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ), and the Cough Hypersensitivity Questionnaire (CHQ).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 610 patients (66.9% women; median age 59.0 years) were recruited from 18 centers, with 176 being RUCC patients (28.9%). The median age at CC onset was 50.1 years, and 94.4% had adult-onset CC (≥ 19 years). The median cough duration was 4 years. Compared to newly referred CC patients, RUCC patients had a longer cough duration (6.0 years vs. 3.0 years) but had fewer symptoms and signs suggesting asthma, rhinosinusitis, or gastroesophageal acid reflux disease. Subjects with RUCC had lower LCQ scores (10.3 ± 3.3 vs. 11.6 ± 3.6; P < 0.001) and higher CHQ scores (9.1 ± 3.9 vs. 8.4 ± 4.1; P = 0.024). There were no marked differences in the characteristics of cough between refractory chronic cough and unexplained chronic cough.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Chronic cough typically develops in adulthood, lasting for years. Cough severity and quality of life impairment indicate the presence of unmet clinical needs and insufficient cough control in real-world clinical practice. Longitudinal follow-up is warranted to investigate the natural history and treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18163,"journal":{"name":"Lung","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10518359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is this the Dawning of AI for Sarcoidosis?","authors":"Edward S Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00408-023-00643-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00408-023-00643-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18163,"journal":{"name":"Lung","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41137645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting CDH17 with Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Redirected T Cells in Small Cell Lung Cancer.","authors":"Wen Tian,&nbsp;Jinhui Zhao,&nbsp;Wenzhong Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00408-023-00648-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00408-023-00648-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy stands as a precise and targeted approach in the treatment of malignancies. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of targeting Cadherin 17 (CDH17) with CDH17 CAR-T cells as a therapeutic modality for small cell lung cancer (SCLC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CDH17 expression levels were assessed in human SCLC tumor tissues and cell lines using qPCR and Western blot. Subsequently, we established CDH17 CAR-T cells and assessed their cytotoxicity by co-culturing them with various SCLC cell lines at different effector-to-target (E:T) ratios, complemented by ELISA assays. To ascertain the specificity of CDH17 CAR-T cells, we conducted experiments on SCLC cells with and without CDH17 expression (shRNAs). Furthermore, we employed an SCLC xenograft model to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of CDH17 CAR-T cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results revealed a significant upregulation of CDH17 in both SCLC tissues and cell lines. CDH17 CAR-T cells exhibited robust cytotoxic activity against SCLC cells in vitro, while demonstrating no cytotoxicity towards CDH17-deficient SCLC cells and HEK293 cells that lack CDH17 expression. Importantly, the production of IFN-γ and TNF-α by CDH17 CAR-T cells correlated with their cytotoxic potency. Additionally, treatment with CDH17 CAR-T cells significantly decelerated the growth rate of SCLC-derived xenograft tumors in vivo. Remarkably, no significant difference in body weight was observed between the control group and the group treated with CDH17 CAR-T cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The preclinical data open further venues for the clinical use of CDH17 CAR-T cells as an immunotherapeutic strategy for SCLC treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":18163,"journal":{"name":"Lung","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41204563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased Fungal Infection Mortality Induced by Concurrent Viral Cellular Manipulations.","authors":"Kevin Roe","doi":"10.1007/s00408-023-00642-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00408-023-00642-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Certain respiratory fungal pathogen mono-infections can cause high mortality rates. Several viral pathogen mono-infections, including influenza viruses and coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2, can also cause high mortality rates. Concurrent infections by fungal pathogens and highly manipulative viral pathogens can synergistically interact in the respiratory tract to substantially increase their mortality rates. There are at least five viral manipulations which can assist secondary fungal infections. These viral manipulations include the following: (1) inhibiting transcription factors and cytokine expressions, (2) impairing defensive protein expressions, (3) inhibiting defenses by manipulating cellular sensors and signaling pathways, (4) inhibiting defenses by secreting exosomes, and (5) stimulating glucocorticoid synthesis to suppress immune defenses by inhibiting cytokine, chemokine, and adhesion molecule production. The highest mortality respiratory viral pandemics up to now have had substantially boosted mortalities by inducing secondary bacterial pneumonias. However, numerous animal species besides humans are also carriers of endemic infections by viral and multidrug-resistant fungal pathogens. The vast multi-species scope of endemic infection opportunities make it plausible that the pro-fungal manipulations of a respiratory virus can someday evolve to enable a very high mortality rate viral pandemic inducing multidrug-resistant secondary fungal pathogen infections. Since such pandemics can quickly spread world-wide and outrun existing treatments, it would be worthwhile to develop new antifungal treatments well before such a high mortality event occurs.</p>","PeriodicalId":18163,"journal":{"name":"Lung","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10164405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytic Morphomics in Myositis-Related Interstitial Lung Disease.","authors":"Alexander T O'Mahony,&nbsp;Patrick J Henry,&nbsp;Patrick Coghlan,&nbsp;Michael Waldron,&nbsp;Claire Crowley,&nbsp;David Ryan,&nbsp;Niamh Moore,&nbsp;Deirdre M Bennett,&nbsp;Owen J O'Connor,&nbsp;Michael M Maher,&nbsp;Michael T Henry","doi":"10.1007/s00408-023-00637-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00408-023-00637-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the most common non-musculoskeletal manifestation of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). Identification of body composition change may enable early intervention to improve prognosis. We investigated muscle quantity and quality derived from cross-sectional imaging in IIM, and its relationship to ILD severity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study assessing IIM of ILD patients (n = 31) was conducted. Two datasets separated in time were collected, containing demographics, biochemical data, pulmonary function testing and thoracic CT data. Morphomic analysis of muscle quantity (cross-sectional area) and quality (density in Hounsfield Units) on thoracic CT were analysed utilising a web-based tool allowing segmentation of muscle and fat. Bilateral erector spinae and pectoralis muscle (ESM&PM) were measured at defined vertebral levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FVC and D_LCO decreased but within acceptable limits of treatment response (FVC: 83.7-78.7%, p < 0.05, D_LCO 63.4-60.6%, p < 0.05). The cross-sectional area of the PM and ESM increased (PM: 39.8 to 40.7 cm², p = 0.491; ESM: 35.2 to 39.5 cm², p = 0.098). Density significantly fell for both the PM and ESM (PM: 35.3-31 HU, p < 0.05; ESM: 38-33.7, p < 0.05). Subcutaneous fat area increased from 103.9 to 136.1 cm² (p < 0.05), while the visceral fat area increased but not reaching statistical significance. The change in PM density between time points demonstrated an inverse correlation with D_LCO (p < 0.05, R =  - 0.49).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with IIM ILD demonstrated significant body composition changes on CT imaging unlikely to be detected by traditional measurement tools. An increase in muscle area with an inverse decrease in density suggests poor muscle quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":18163,"journal":{"name":"Lung","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10444650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10067412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts from the 2023 American Cough Conference.","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s00408-023-00634-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00408-023-00634-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18163,"journal":{"name":"Lung","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9986257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}