Federica I Wolf, Jeanette A Maier, Andrea Rosanoff, Mario Barbagallo, Shadi Baniasadi, Sara Castiglioni, Fu-Chou Cheng, Sherrie Colaneri Day, Rebecca B Costello, Ligia J Dominguez, Ronald J Elin, Claudia Gamboa-Gomez, Fernando Guerrero-Romero, Ka Kahe, Klaus Kisters, Martin Kolisek, Anton Kraus, Stefano Iotti, Andre Mazur, Moises Mercado-Atri, Lucia Merolle, Oliver Micke, Nana Gletsu-Miller, Forrest Nielsen, Jin O-Uchi, Ornella Piazza, Michael Plesset, Guitti Pourdowlat, Francisco J Rios, Martha Rodriguez-Moran, Giuliana Scarpati, Michael Shechter, Yiqing Song, Lisa A Spence, Rhian M Touyz, Valentina Trapani, Nicola Veronese, Bodo von Ehrlich, Juergen Vormann, Taylor C Wallace, Cmer Center For Magnesium Education Research, Gesellschaft Für Magnesium-Forschung E V Germany, Sdrm Society International Society For The Development Of Research On Magnesium
{"title":"[The magnesium global network (MaGNet) to promote research on magnesium in diseases focusing on covid-19].","authors":"Federica I Wolf, Jeanette A Maier, Andrea Rosanoff, Mario Barbagallo, Shadi Baniasadi, Sara Castiglioni, Fu-Chou Cheng, Sherrie Colaneri Day, Rebecca B Costello, Ligia J Dominguez, Ronald J Elin, Claudia Gamboa-Gomez, Fernando Guerrero-Romero, Ka Kahe, Klaus Kisters, Martin Kolisek, Anton Kraus, Stefano Iotti, Andre Mazur, Moises Mercado-Atri, Lucia Merolle, Oliver Micke, Nana Gletsu-Miller, Forrest Nielsen, Jin O-Uchi, Ornella Piazza, Michael Plesset, Guitti Pourdowlat, Francisco J Rios, Martha Rodriguez-Moran, Giuliana Scarpati, Michael Shechter, Yiqing Song, Lisa A Spence, Rhian M Touyz, Valentina Trapani, Nicola Veronese, Bodo von Ehrlich, Juergen Vormann, Taylor C Wallace, Cmer Center For Magnesium Education Research, Gesellschaft Für Magnesium-Forschung E V Germany, Sdrm Society International Society For The Development Of Research On Magnesium","doi":"10.1684/mrh.2021.0479","DOIUrl":"10.1684/mrh.2021.0479","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18159,"journal":{"name":"Magnesium research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10617598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9279635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jelena Petrović, Milica Labudović-Borović, Sabine U Vorrink, Volker M Lauschke, Bojana Pejušković, Vesna Pešić
{"title":"Magnesium enhances cardiomyocyte proliferation and suppresses cardiac fibrosis induced by chronic ACTH exposure in rats.","authors":"Jelena Petrović, Milica Labudović-Borović, Sabine U Vorrink, Volker M Lauschke, Bojana Pejušković, Vesna Pešić","doi":"10.1684/mrh.2021.0484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/mrh.2021.0484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic stress has been implicated in the development and progression of heart disease. In the past decade, a link between chronic stress and cardiac fibrosis has been described. Here, we focused on investigating the effects of one of the key molecular effectors of the stress response-adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) on cardiac histopathology. More importantly, as the literature data support interplay between magnesium (Mg) and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) stress system, we explored potential cardioprotective effects of Mg supplementation in a rat model of ACTH-induced cardiac remodeling. Protracted ACTH exposure in rats resulted in a prominent increase in proliferation of fibroblasts and excessive collagen deposition in the heart, accompanied by enhanced proliferation of cardiomyocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Our results show, for the first time, that administration of Mg in rats was effective in ameliorating the development of ACTH-evoked cardiac fibrosis, while facilitating cardiomyocyte proliferation. Furthermore, we propose that Mg supplementation attenuates ACTH-induced HPA axis hyperactivity, as one of the underlying plausible mechanisms, which may contribute to its cardioprotective effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":18159,"journal":{"name":"Magnesium research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39372001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dietary recommendations of magnesium for cardiovascular prevention and treatment. A position paper of the Israel Heart Society and the Israel Dietetic Association.","authors":"Michael Shechter, Sigal Eilat-Adar","doi":"10.1684/mrh.2021.0483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/mrh.2021.0483","url":null,"abstract":"Modern life and the Western industrial diet has enhanced the reduction of magnesium in our food, which may contribute to a marginal or absolute magnesium deficiency. Magnesium deficiency is evident in, among others, the elderly population, those after myocardial infarction and/or chronic heart failure, and diabetics. In Israel, over 60% of the drinking water originates from desalinated seawater lacking magnesium, which may cause hypomagnesemia. Magnesium deficiency can easily be treated by magnesium supplementation if we are aware of the situation. This paper summarizes the magnesium chapter in a position paper published in April 2021 by the Israeli Cardiology Society together with the Israeli Dietetic Association. It summarizes evidence-based nutritional recommendations for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, with emphasis on the level of evidence and practical recommendations according to the European Society of Cardiology definitions. The best recommendation is to increase consumption of magnesium-rich food, such as leafy green vegetables (mainly spinach), nuts, avocado, whole grains, legumes (e.g., beans, peas and soy beans), chocolate and certain seafood. However, for people who do not get sufficient magnesium from their diet completing the daily amount, as needed, with supplements of up to 600 mg/day should be considered. In addition, serum magnesium levels should be checked at least every six months in patients with heart failure, people taking diuretic therapy, and people taking proton-pump inhibitors. In addition, it may be beneficial to add magnesium following myocardial infarction in people with hypertension and in heart failure patients in order to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (class of recommendation IIa, level of evidence B).","PeriodicalId":18159,"journal":{"name":"Magnesium research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39415187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oliver Micke, Jürgen Vormann, Anton Kraus, Klaus Kisters
{"title":"Serum magnesium: time for a standardized and evidence-based reference range.","authors":"Oliver Micke, Jürgen Vormann, Anton Kraus, Klaus Kisters","doi":"10.1684/mrh.2021.0486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/mrh.2021.0486","url":null,"abstract":"Magnesium deficiency can have serious health consequences. Low magnesium intake or low serum levels are risk factors for e.g. type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Despite its scientifically recognized importance, too little attention is paid to magnesium in clinical practice. This may be due to the fact that there is no uniform and evidence-based reference range for serum magnesium as is the case for other electrolytes such as sodium and potassium. The serum magnesium concentration is also of a limited informative value, as it is maintained for a long time by releasing magnesium from body pools. A low serum magnesium is a definite sign of magnesium deficiency; however, values within the reference range do not rule out deficiencies. Nevertheless, serum magnesium should become part of routine diagnostics in order to be able to better detect deficiency states. For serum magnesium, a reference range of 0.75 to 0.95 mmol/L (1.82 to 2.31 mg/dL) can often be found. However, according to the current data situation, serum magnesium values of less than 0.85 mmol/L are associated with increased health risks. Therefore, the lower limit of the reference range should be raised to 0.85 mmol/L (2.07 mg/dL).","PeriodicalId":18159,"journal":{"name":"Magnesium research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39369453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development, optimization and characterization of chewable tablet containing synergistic combination of magnesium orotate dihydrate with cholecalciferol and menaquinone-7 for management of hyperglycemia and its pharmacokinetic study.","authors":"Hitesh Verma, Rajeev Garg","doi":"10.1684/mrh.2021.0487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/mrh.2021.0487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of the present research is to develop and optimize a chewable tablet containing synergistic combination of magnesium orotate dihydrate (MOD), cholecalciferol (CHOL) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as per product development guidelines of ICH Q8 (R2). The effects of critical variables on quality attributes of chewable tablets were evaluated using 30 runs based design of experiment (DoE) after risk assessment. Optimized formulation was found to be the one that was prepared with moderate granulation time of 7.23 min and contained 14 mg/tablet binder, 31 mg/tablet disintegrant and 11.377 mg/tablet lubricant. Prepared tablets were evaluated for prescribed pharmacopoeial and regulatory quality checks. Optimized formulation was found to have very low disintegration time of 6.06 min and 87.39% dissolution of MOD within 15 min in acidic media (0.1 N HCl), which ensure that the developed formulation behaves as a solution following oral administration. Stability studies under accelerated conditions revealed that the developed formulation can retain its quality characteristics throughout its shelf life. Pharmacokinetics study of chewable tablets in male Wistar rats shows that the time to reach maximum plasma or serum concentration (T<sub>max</sub>) was 3 h for MOD and 6 h for both CHOL and MK-7. Maximum plasma or serum concentration (C<sub>max</sub>) of MOD, CHOL and MK-7 was found to be 7.233 ± 1.159, 8.182 ± 0.783 and 8.331 ± 0.863 μg/mL [mean ± standard deviation (SD)], respectively. The area under the curve (AUC <sub>0</sub>-<sub>t</sub>) for MOD, CHOL and MK-7 was 80.692 ± 11.197, 124.325 ± 17.101 and 126.568 ± 12.064 μg.mL.h<sup>-1</sup> (mean ± SD), respectively. Comparison of pharmacokinetic data of chewable tablets with a mixture of pure drugs proves that the developed formulation can efficiently deliver all the three nutrients in blood and is capable to elicit desired pharmacological response.</p>","PeriodicalId":18159,"journal":{"name":"Magnesium research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39372008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meng-Meng Zhang, Mei-Jing Ji, Xiao-Ming Wang, Si-Qiong Wang, Jing Sun, Chun-Ming Ma
{"title":"Hospital-acquired dysmagnesemia and mortality in critically ill patients: data from MIMIC-III database.","authors":"Meng-Meng Zhang, Mei-Jing Ji, Xiao-Ming Wang, Si-Qiong Wang, Jing Sun, Chun-Ming Ma","doi":"10.1684/mrh.2021.0482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/mrh.2021.0482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to determine the relationship between hospital-acquired dysmagnesemia and in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on critically ill patients who had normal serum magnesium levels on admission. Data were extracted from the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care III database. The normal range of serum magnesium was 1.6-2.6 mg/dL. In-hospital serum magnesium levels were categorized based on the occurrence of hospital-acquired hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia. Hospital-acquired hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia in the same patient were defined as a patient with the lowest level of serum magnesium of <1.6 mg/dL and the highest level of serum magnesium of >2.6 mg/dL, respectively. The in-hospital outcomes were collected. The findings revealed that 27.2% of patients developed hospital-acquired dysmagnesemia. In-hospital mortalities were 8.8% in patients with persistently normal serum magnesium levels, 12.2% in patients with hospital-acquired hypomagnesemia only, 18.4% in patients with hospital-acquired hypermagnesemia only, and 20.6% in patients with both hospital-acquired hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia. Compared to patients with persistently normal serum magnesium in hospital, those with hospital-acquired hypermagnesemia only [odds ratio (OR) = 1.346, P < 0.001] and those with both hospital-acquired hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia (OR = 1.333, P = 0.001) were significantly associated with higher in-hospital mortality. Hospital-acquired dysmagnesemia was common among critically ill patients. Hospital-acquired dysmagnesemia, especially hospital-acquired hypermagnesemia, was significantly associated with increased in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":18159,"journal":{"name":"Magnesium research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39415188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kazim Sahin, Cemal Orhan, Osman Kucuk, Fusun Erten, Mehmet Tuzcu, Nurhan Sahin, Sara Perez Ojalvo, James Richard Komorowski
{"title":"Effects of magnesium biotinate supplementation on serum insulin, glucose and lipid parameters along with liver protein levels of lipid metabolism in rats.","authors":"Kazim Sahin, Cemal Orhan, Osman Kucuk, Fusun Erten, Mehmet Tuzcu, Nurhan Sahin, Sara Perez Ojalvo, James Richard Komorowski","doi":"10.1684/mrh.2021.0480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/mrh.2021.0480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a novel form of biotin (magnesium biotinate) on serum glucose, lipid profile, and hepatic lipid metabolism-related protein levels in rats. Forty-two rats were divided into six groups and fed a standard diet-based egg white powdered diet supplemented with either d-biotin at 0.01, 1, or 100 mg/kg BW or magnesium biotinate at 0.01, 1, or 100 mg/kg BW for 35 days. Neither form of biotin influenced (p > 0.05) serum glucose or insulin concentrations. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride decreased with biotin from both sources (p < 0.05). Concentrations were lower with magnesium biotinate when comparing the 1 mg/kg dose (p < 0.05). Serum, liver, and brain biotin and liver cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) concentrations were greater when rats were treated with magnesium biotinate versus d-biotin, particularly when comparing the 1 and 100 mg/kg dose groups (p < 0.05). Both biotin forms decreased the liver SREBP-1c and FAS and increased AMPK-α1, ACC-1, ACC-2, PCC, and MCC levels (p < 0.05). The magnitudes of responses were more emphasized with magnesium biotinate. Magnesium biotinate, compared with a commercial d-biotin, is more effective in reducing serum lipid concentrations and regulating protein levels of lipid metabolism-related biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":18159,"journal":{"name":"Magnesium research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39103848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Magnesium therapeutic potential against Covid-19: Could it be an \"All-in-one\" therapy?","authors":"Mourad Errasfa","doi":"10.1684/mrh.2020.0474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/mrh.2020.0474","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18159,"journal":{"name":"Magnesium research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25362623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antonino Catalano, Federica Bellone, Diego Chilà, Saverio Loddo, Nunziata Morabito, Giorgio Basile, Salvatore Benvenga, Francesco Corica
{"title":"Rates of hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia in medical settings.","authors":"Antonino Catalano, Federica Bellone, Diego Chilà, Saverio Loddo, Nunziata Morabito, Giorgio Basile, Salvatore Benvenga, Francesco Corica","doi":"10.1684/mrh.2021.0478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/mrh.2021.0478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Magnesium (Mg) is critically involved in the pathophysiology of multiple human diseases; nevertheless, Mg disorders are often poorly considered in the clinical practice. To update the prevalence and incidence of hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia in a real-life scenario, which better represents clinical practice, we analyzed data from 12,696 patients whose Mg serum levels were measured from January 1, 2015, through December 31, 2017 at our University Hospital. Hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia were defined by Mg concentrations <1.5 mg/dL (0.6 mmol/L) and >3.8 mg/dL (1.5 mmol/L), in accordance with the reference values for magnesemia of our laboratory (1.5-3.8 mg/dL). The prevalence of hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia was 8.43% (n=1071) and 1.78% (n=226), respectively. Hypomagnesemia occurred more frequently in females compared with males [53.3% (n=560) versus 47.7% (n=511), χ<sup>2</sup>=4.03, p<0.045]; the highest prevalence of hypomagnesemia was found in patients over 65 yr. [59.01% (n=632)], when compared with the other age groups [59.01% (n=632) versus 9.52% (n=102) in patients aged 0-18 yr. and 31.46% (n=337) in patients between 19 and 65 yr., χ<sup>2</sup>=592.64; p<0.0001)]. Incidence of hypomagnesemia decreased over time in subjects over 65 yr. (r=-0.99; p=0.07). Geriatrics, oncology, and intensive care division showed the highest incidences of hypomagnesemia. Mg disorders and remarkably hypomagnesemia are quite common in the clinical practice, particularly in older hospitalized patients. Thus, they should be routinely checked and corrected.</p>","PeriodicalId":18159,"journal":{"name":"Magnesium research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39103846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patricia Pulido-Perez, Jorge Alberto Pondigo-de Los Angeles, Maria Elena Hernandez-Hernandez, Enrique Torres-Rasgado, Jose R Romero
{"title":"Renal function, serum magnesium levels and mortality in COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Patricia Pulido-Perez, Jorge Alberto Pondigo-de Los Angeles, Maria Elena Hernandez-Hernandez, Enrique Torres-Rasgado, Jose R Romero","doi":"10.1684/mrh.2021.0481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/mrh.2021.0481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Latin American subjects in particular are at an increased risk of developing severe COVID-19 and mortality. Altered renal function and lower magnesium levels have been reported to play important roles in the pathophysiology of T2D. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between renal function, serum magnesium levels and mortality in T2D patients with COVID-19. In this retrospective study, we characterized 118 T2D and non-diabetic subjects hospitalized with COVID-19. Patients were clinically characterized and electrolyte, renal function and inflammatory markers were evaluated. Patients were grouped according to their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR <60 mL/min per 1.73 m<sup>2</sup>). T2D patients had lower eGFR and serum magnesium levels when compared to non-diabetics (59.7 ± 32.8 vs. 78.4 ± 33.8 mL/min per 1.73 m<sup>2</sup>, P = 0.008 and 1.9 ± 0.3 vs. 2.1 ± 0.3 mEq/L, P = 0.012). Survival was worse in T2D patients with eGFR levels less than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m<sup>2</sup> as estimated by Kaplan-Meier analyses (log-rank test <0.0001). The Cox model for T2D patients showed that eGFR (HR 0.970, 95% CI 0.949 to 0.991, P = 0.005) and magnesium (HR 8.025, 95% CI 1.226 to 52.512, P = 0.030) were associated with significantly increased risk of death. Reduced eGFR and magnesium levels were associated with increased mortality in our population. These results suggest that early assessment of kidney function, including magnesium levels, may assist in developing effective treatment strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality among Latin American COVID-19 patients with T2D.</p>","PeriodicalId":18159,"journal":{"name":"Magnesium research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39103847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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