Livestock Science最新文献

{"title":"Genomic characterization of the Brazilian Crioulo Lageano: Insights for conservation of a Brazilian local bovine breed","authors":"Daiza Orth ,&nbsp;Alexandre Floriani Ramos ,&nbsp;Geraldo Magela Cortes Carvalho ,&nbsp;Lucas Macedo Santos Basílio ,&nbsp;Alexandre Rodrigues Caetano ,&nbsp;Patrícia Ianella","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Crioulo Lageano (CLAG) is a Brazilian taurine breed traditionally raised in the native fields of mountainous regions in the states of Santa Catarina and Paraná, located in the southern region from Brazil. The present study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity and structure of the breed to provide the basis for the development of strategies for its conservation. Samples from semen and DNA previously stored in the Brazilian Animal Gene Bank (BAGB), and samples collected from eight different farms registered in the Brazilian Association of Crioulo Lageano Cattle Breeders (ABCCL), were genotyped with different panels of SNP markers containing between 50 K and 777 K markers. Obtained estimates of average expected (H_E = 0.373) and observed (H_O = 0.382) heterozygosities suggest the presence of high levels of genetic variability in the breed. Molecular analysis of variance (AMOVA) revealed that only 2.11 % of the observed genetic variation could be attributed to differences between analyzed populations. Obtained pairwise F_ST estimates varied between 0.002 and 0.056, corroborating that the degree of differentiation between populations is low. Population structure analyses showed substructures between the studied populations, which could be related to the presence/absence of horns in the animals, in addition to other factors. The estimates obtained for the effective population size (Ne) considering bulls with semen stored in BGAB and the set of samples from the eight studied farms were 6 and 22, respectively, revealing that the Ne of the breed is far below that recommended by FAO for conservation of domestic animal populations. Population structure and admixture analyses comparing CLAG with six other taurine and zebu cattle breeds routinely raised in the region revealed evidence of possible unknown introgressions from animals of indicine origin. Obtained results provide solid insights into the diversity and genetic structure of the Brazilian CLGA breed and offer strategic information for the establishment of effective genetic management strategies for production herds, for the enrichment of the BAGB by collecting germoplasm and for the long-term conservation of this breed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 105481"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141054156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic variability of the MHC region: Empirical evidence from five horse breeds","authors":"Nina Moravčíková ,&nbsp;Radovan Kasarda ,&nbsp;Hana Vostra Vydrova ,&nbsp;Lubos Vostry ,&nbsp;Barbora Karásková ,&nbsp;Juraj Candrák ,&nbsp;Marko Halo","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of this study was to analyse the level of variability in the autosomal genome, especially in the equine major histocompatibility complex region, in five horse breeds and identify heterozygosity-rich regions and potential footprints of balancing selection. Depending on data quality control, the dataset consisted of 51,168 or 53,874 single nucleotide polymorphism markers, available for 514 individuals (89 Lipizzan, 238 Old Kladruber, 47 Shagya Arabian, 61 Czech Warmblood and 81 Slovak Warmblood horses). Genomic variability within and between breeds was examined based on levels of heterozygosity (observed and expected), genomic inbreeding, Wright's <em>F_IS</em> index and linkage disequilibrium. Subsequently, the screening of heterozygosity-rich regions and balancing selection signals derived from Tajima's D positive values was performed. As expected, due to the polymorphic nature of the major histocompatibility complex, the genomic variability level was generally higher when analysing only markers located in this area (mainly around genes belonging to class I). The Slovak and Czech Warmblood horses, as breeds with open herdbook, showed higher average values of heterozygosity indices than Lipizzan, Old Kladruber or Shagya Arabian breeds. Concerning only markers in the major histocompatibility complex region in complete or very high linkage disequilibrium, common patterns were found close to <em>EQMHCB2, MHCB3</em> and <em>EQMHCC1</em> genes belonging to class I and <em>DQA1, DRB2, DRB3</em> and <em>HLA-DOB</em> genes from class II. Genome-wide, the number of heterozygosity-rich regions per animal ranged from 345.25 (Old Kladruber) to 603.33 (Czech Warmblood). Across all breeds, 254 heterozygosity-rich regions were detected directly in the major histocompatibility complex region (194 in class I and 60 in class II). Among them, the highest overlap showed regions found in the genomes of historically connected Czech and Slovak Warmblood breeds. The results suggested that the frequency of markers in heterozygosity-rich regions increased in Lipizzan, Old Kladruber and Shagya Arabian breeds in the genomic region of <em>EQMCE1</em> gene (class I) and in Czech and Slovak Warmblood horses in <em>DQB1, DQA2, DQB2, DQA3</em> and <em>DRB2</em> genes (class II). Although the identified heterozygosity-rich regions formed 330 islands across the genomes of tested breeds, these islands were outside the major histocompatibility complex region. On the other hand, four of 425 balancing selection signals detected across breeds were located directly in the major histocompatibility complex region, close to <em>DRA, DRB1, DQA1, DQB1</em> and <em>DQB2</em> genes (class II). Shared islands and balancing selection footprints among breeds were found mainly on chromosomes 7 and 11.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 105480"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871141324000878/pdfft?md5=5830e4d70c89bf3fd7c8bbb7fa404acd&pid=1-s2.0-S1871141324000878-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141048224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Milk somatic cell count affects feed efficiency through increased heat production of lactating dairy cows","authors":"Pekka Huhtanen,&nbsp;Ali-Reza Bayat","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective was to evaluate the relationships between somatic cell count (SCC) and feed efficiency using the data from two respiration chamber studies using Nordic Red cows (<em>n</em> = 136). The cows were fed ad libitum a total mixed ration (forage: concentrate 45:55 on dry matter (DM) basis) containing 162 and 379 g crude protein and neutral detergent fibre in kg DM, respectively. Average (± SD) DM intake and energy corrected milk (ECM) yield were 23.6 ± 3.4 and 37.7 ± 6.1 kg/d, respectively. Blood samples were collected in one of the studies (<em>n</em> = 86). Feed efficiency was expressed as ECM/DM intake, residual feed intake (RFI) and residual ECM yield (RECM). Feed efficiency decreased significantly with increased SCC irrespective of how the efficiency was expressed. Data from energy metabolism indicated that conversion of dietary gross energy to metabolizable energy (ME) was not influenced by SCC, but the efficiency of ME utilization decreased as a result of increased heat production. Increased heat production might be associated with the greater energy demand for immune function. Blood haptoglobin increased with SCC also indicating the role of immune function in increased heat production. Methane intensity increased by 1.0 g/kg ECM above cut-off value of 47 000 cells/mL. It is concluded that in addition to economic losses and animal welfare issues, increased milk SCC has negative environmental impact.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 105479"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140948201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of genetic and sex effect on genomic prediction for horn development in Nellore cattle","authors":"Larissa Bordin Temp ,&nbsp;Ludmilla Costa Brunes ,&nbsp;Letícia Silva Pereira ,&nbsp;Sabrina Thaise Amorim ,&nbsp;Cláudio Ulhôa Magnabosco ,&nbsp;Raysildo Barbosa Lobo ,&nbsp;Ovidio Carlos de Brito ,&nbsp;Ricardo Viacava ,&nbsp;Fernando Baldi","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to evaluate the influence of phenotypic classification of horn development, animal sex effect, and non-autosomal SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) markers on the genetic parameters and genomic prediction ability for horn development in Nellore cattle using the single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction method. The polled phenotype was evaluated in two (presence and absence of horns), three (scurs and polled offspring from a horned parent, and the polled and horned animals), and four (absence of horn, polled born to a parent with horn, scurs, and presence of horn) phenotypic categories. A total of 12 statistical models were evaluated. The variance components were estimated using the THRGIBBS1F90 software, and a threshold animal model was used for genomic prediction analyses with the single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP) procedure. Accuracy, bias, and dispersion parameters were evaluated based on the linear regression (LR) method. The highest heritability (0.84) was obtained when the polled character was evaluated as a binary trait. The lowest heritability estimates (0.44 to 0.45) for horn development were obtained when the phenotype was classified into three categories. For the same horn development classification method, the heritability estimates were similar regardless of the genomic evaluated models and fixed effects included in the model. For models considering four and three phenotypic categories for horn development, the inclusion of the sex effect as a fixed effect within the CG did not improve the accuracy, bias, and dispersion of genomic predictions for horn development. Analyzing the trait with binary expression, the highest prediction accuracy was observed when the effect of sex was not included in the CG and without the SNPs in the sex chromosomes. These models displayed the highest dispersion, pointing out the low robustness of genomic prediction. In addition, models that use less than four categories to classify the horn development phenotype, with no discrimination between polled and homozygous polled displayed lower prediction ability. The inclusion of non-autosomal SNPs in the analyses for the models considering four phenotypic categories leads to an improvement in prediction accuracy in 5,26 %, bias, and dispersion reduction, 37 % and 4,55 %, respectively, compared with models that only considered autosomal SNPs. The selection using genomic information for the polled trait is feasible, and it is an alternative to obtaining polled Nellore animals. The binary coding of horn development is an unsuitable oversimplification of polled phenotype, and probably, the genetic background of horn development is more complex than previously proposed. The most adequate prediction model to evaluate the horn development in Nellore cattle was considering four phenotypic categories and including non-autosomal SNP in the analyses for genomic prediction purposes of naturally genetically polled animals. Genetic dehor","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 105478"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141056566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential ovulation responses in nulliparous and multiparous rabbit females: A cannula-mediated study","authors":"María Pilar Viudes-de-Castro ,&nbsp;Francisco Marco-Jiménez ,&nbsp;José Salvador Vicente","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In order to explore a less stressful and hormone-independent insemination method in rabbits, we aimed to evaluate the influence of a new insemination cannula on reproductive performance. Two assays were conducted. In the first, 136 nulliparous and multiparous females were treated with 12.5 IU of eCG to improve their receptivity and divided into four stimulation groups (aGnRH<img>Control, Extender, Seminal and Sperm) to test ovulation frequency and rate. The control group received 1 µg of buserelin acetate intramuscularly to induce ovulation. The other groups used a 3D printed cannula to introduce 0.5 ml of extender, undiluted seminal plasma or resuspended sperm into the vagina. After six days, laparoscopy was performed to assess ovulation frequency and rate. Results showed that nulliparous does exhibited higher ovulation frequencies compared to multiparous does, regardless of the stimulation group.</p><p>In the second assay, reproductive performance (delivery rate and litter size at birth) of 109 females treated with 12.5 IU of eCG to improve their receptivity was studied after insemination with a seminal dose using the 3D printed cannula. Forty-nine of them were induced to ovulate with buserelin acetate as a control. The results confirmed previous findings, as cannula stimulation allowed better delivery rates in receptive nulliparous than multiparous does. Differential response to multiparous does to the physical stimulus of the cannula could be supported by the histological changes and loss of contractile response that occur after multiple births. Litter sizes at birth were similar between experimental groups.</p><p>In conclusion, the 3D designed cannula showed promising results in nulliparous does in ovulating frequency, and further refinement is needed to enhance its effectiveness, particularly in multiparous rabbits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 105475"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871141324000829/pdfft?md5=ff15158fd5d23dfe7ee00962289b8aa1&pid=1-s2.0-S1871141324000829-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140823289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of dulcitol on growth performance, antioxidant activity, immune function, and intestinal microflora of growing-finishing pigs","authors":"Zhengqun Liu ,&nbsp;Shiyue Liang ,&nbsp;Diankui Wang ,&nbsp;Zi Zheng ,&nbsp;Ning Li ,&nbsp;Chunhua Zhang ,&nbsp;Jun Yan ,&nbsp;Renmin Liu ,&nbsp;Pei He ,&nbsp;Qianjun Li ,&nbsp;Shuqin Mu","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dulcitol (DUL) has multiple biological functions such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer. However, little is known about the DUL used in swine diets. This experiment investigated the effects of DUL on the growth performance, apparent digestibility of nutrient, blood profiles, and fecal microbiota of growing-finishing pigs. A total of 144 barrows (initial body weight (BW) of 30.1 ± 0.7 kg) were blocked based on BW and assigned to 4 dietary treatments in a 72-d trial, each treatment had 6 replicate pens and 6 pigs per pen. Dietary treatments included a control (CON) diet and 3 DUL diets with DUL supplementation at the concentration of 100 (DUL1), 500 (DUL2), and 1,000 (DUL3) mg/kg in the basal diet, respectively. Results showed that DUL supplementation increased the final BW, average daily gain, and average daily feed intake of pigs (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, DUL2 decreased the feed-to-gain ratio of the pigs and increased the apparent digestibility of gross energy, dry matter, crude protein, ash, and calcium compared to CON group (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). The contents of IgG and IgM in serum increased linearly with an increased inclusion level of DUL, whereas the serum IL-1β and TNF-α contents were linearly decreased with the increased DUL levels (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Similarly, DUL addition linearly increased the activity of SOD, GSH-px, and CAT, but decreased the MDA contents in serum (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Microbial analysis showed that the DUL supplementation had no effects on the diversity of fecal microbiota. While LEfSe analysis showed that <em>Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group</em> was enriched in DUL1 group, while the <em>Enterobacterales</em> were enriched in DUL3 group. Spearman correlation analysis identified a correlation between the abundance of <em>Lactobacillus</em> and <em>Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group</em> and the functions of antioxidants and immune (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Collectively, current study demonstrated that 500 mg/kg DUL supplementation could increase growth performance and nutrients digestibility, as well as promote serum immune and antioxidant indices of growing-finishing pigs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 105476"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141030550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms reveal the genetic diversity and population structure of Creole goats from northern Peru","authors":"Flor-Anita Corredor ,&nbsp;Deyanira Figueroa ,&nbsp;Richard Estrada ,&nbsp;William Burgos-Paz ,&nbsp;Wilian Salazar ,&nbsp;Wilder Cruz ,&nbsp;Roiser Lobato ,&nbsp;Pedro Injante ,&nbsp;David Godoy ,&nbsp;Christian Barrantes ,&nbsp;Jorge Ganoza ,&nbsp;Juancarlos Cruz ,&nbsp;Carlos I. Arbizu","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Goat farming constitutes a significant source of income for farmers in northern Peru. There is currently an absence of information about the genetics of Peruvian Creole goats that would enable us to understand their origins and genetic spread. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic diversity of Creole goats from northern Peru using SNP markers. This study involved the collection of 192 male Creole goats from three key goat production geographical departments in northern Peru. These goat samples were genotyped using the GGPGoat70k SNP panel. To explore the genetic influence of other breeds on Peruvian Creole goats, our dataset was combined with previously published SNP genotypes. External data set includes multiple breeds genotypes sampled from Argentina, Brazil, Spain, and Alpine breed from Italy, France, and Switzerland. After quality control 52,832 autosomal SNPs were used to assess genetic diversity in the Peruvian goats. For the population structure analysis of the merged data 20,513 common SNPs were used. Estimations for expected heterozygosity (H_e), observed heterozygosity (H_o), and inbreeding coefficient (F_IS) were computed for the Peruvian groups. AMOVA, principal component analysis and ADMIXTURE were conducted to evaluate the population structure in the two data sets, Peru and merged. The results revealed a considerable genetic diversity, with H_o values ranging from 0.40 to 0.41 for the Peruvian sampling groups, and inbreeding coefficient was notably low for Peruvian goat. The population structure analysis demonstrated a distinction (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) from other breeds. These findings suggest a level of genetic differentiation of the Peruvian goat population among other breeds, although further research is needed considering samples from other Peruvian areas. We expect this study will contribute to define genetic management strategies to prevent the loss of genetic diversity in Peruvian goat populations and for upcoming advancements in this field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 105473"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871141324000805/pdfft?md5=c8de4700e364dce1fbbe3b123963df04&pid=1-s2.0-S1871141324000805-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140775794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herbage allowances of native grasslands and cow genotype affect follicular and uterine parameters in beef cows","authors":"Rodrigo Vivián Paradizo ,&nbsp;Mariana Carriquiry ,&nbsp;Guillermo Martinez Boggio ,&nbsp;Carolina Viñoles ,&nbsp;Ana Meikle ,&nbsp;Ana Laura Astessiano","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reproduction is crucial in the efficiency of grazing-based beef production systems. There are different ways to improve reproductive indices in cattle, such as through herd management, nutrition and/or genetics. It was shown that different levels of herbage allowance and the use of crossbred cows could improve the follicular and uterine characteristics that translate into higher cow fertility. Our study aimed to evaluate the follicle size, oocyte quality, and changes in follicular fluid composition and uterine gene expression in crossbred and purebred cycling beef cows grazing native pastures at two different levels of herbage allowance for three years. The experimental design was a complete randomized block with two replications. We allocated a total of 32 multiparous cows, with eight cows per block in a two-by-two factorial arrangement of herbage allowance (HA: High (HI) and Low (LO)) and cow genotype (CG: Purebred (PU) and Crossbred (CR)). Cows with at least two previous ovulations were slaughtered at 190 ± 15 days postpartum and uterine tissue and ovaries of the cycling cows were collected. We obtained that the preovulatory follicle size, progesterone, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (<em>IGF1</em>) were greater in cows with HI than with LO long-term herbage allowance. Furthermore, the non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentration was lower in crossbred cows. It suggests a lower mobilization of energy reserves in crossbred than in purebred cows. For the gene expression in uterine tissues, we only observed a greater expression of <em>IGFBP2</em> and <em>IGFBP4</em> mRNA in cows under LO HA. These findings reveal an effect of the herbage allowance and cow genotype in follicular and uterine parameters that can be translated into better cow fertility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 105477"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140917823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic parameters for mesenteric torsion in a pig maternal line","authors":"Suelen Fernandes Padilha ,&nbsp;Amauri Felipe Evangelista ,&nbsp;Luis Orlando Duitama Carreño ,&nbsp;Marcelo Silva Freitas ,&nbsp;Jader Silva Lopes ,&nbsp;Adriana Mércia Guaratini Ibelli ,&nbsp;Jane de Oliveira Peixoto ,&nbsp;Marcos Antônio Zanella Morés ,&nbsp;Maurício Egídio Cantão ,&nbsp;Mônica Corrêa Ledur ,&nbsp;Rodrigo de Almeida Teixeira ,&nbsp;Laila Talarico Dias","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mesenteric torsion (MT) is a condition characterized by the twisting of intestinal loops, leading to a disruption in blood flow and abdominal distension. Several factors can predispose animals to this condition, which primarily affects healthy, fast-growing pigs and often results in fatal outcomes. Given the absence of studies on the genetic factors associated with this condition, our research aimed to estimate the heritability coefficient for MT and explore the genetic correlations between MT and performance traits in pigs. Our dataset comprised of 43,384 records of pigs from a maternal line from a nucleus farm. These pigs were born between 2010 and 2022 and had recorded information regarding MT status (0 for healthy and 1 for affected animals), weaning weight (WW), as well as pedigree, genotypes, and genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) for the following traits: MT status, days to reach 110 kg (D110), feed conversion adjusted to 110 kg (FC110), and backfat thickness adjusted to 110 kg (BT110). In our statistical model, the effects of contemporary group (CG: sex, year, and week of weaning) and the linear covariate WW were considered fixed effects, while the direct additive genetic effect was accounted as random. On average, pigs affected by MT had an age of 104.35 ± 37.75 days, and the condition had an overall herd frequency of 2.46 %. Mesenteric torsion occurred more frequently in female pigs raised in collective pens compared to non-castrated males raised in individual pens. Heritability estimates for MT, using both pedigree (0.13 ± 0.02) and genomic (0.12 ± 0.02) data, were of low magnitude. This suggests that while there is genetic variability associated with MT, a significant portion of this variation is due to environmental variance. The correlation between MT and BT110 GEBVs was of low magnitude (0.05). In contrast, the correlations between GEBVs for MT and both D110 and FC110 were moderate in magnitude (0.22 for both traits). This implies that pigs taking longer to reach 110 kg and those with poorer feed conversion are more likely to develop MT. There is genetic variability for mesenteric torsion in pigs. Selection aimed at improving feed conversion and reducing the age at which pigs reach 110 kg could lead to a decrease in the occurrence of MT within pig populations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 105474"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140760535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling of on-farm greenhouse gas emissions from dual-purpose meat and wool sheep production in different geographical regions of Norway","authors":"B.A. Åby ,&nbsp;S. Samsonstuen ,&nbsp;K.A. Beauchemin ,&nbsp;L. Aass","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The whole-farm model, HolosNorSheep, was developed to estimate net greenhouse gas emissions from dual purpose sheep production in Norway. The model adopted a cradle-to-farm gate system boundary and is based on the International Panel on Climate Change methodology and includes direct emissions from enteric and manure methane (CH₄; GWP₁₀₀=27), direct and indirect nitrous oxide (N₂O; GWP₁₀₀=273) from manure and soils, direct carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from energy use and indirect CO₂ emissions from the production of input factors. Soil carbon balance is calculated using the ICBM-model. Emission intensities (CO₂-eq/kg product) for sheep carcass and greasy wool, was estimated for five geographical regions of Norway (East, West, South, Mid and North). The geographical regions varied considerably in climate, feed resources, days on pasture and herd/farm management. Estimated emission intensities per kg carcass and greasy wool varied from 23.5 to 19.9 (Mid region) to 26.8 and 22.8 kg CO₂-eq (North region) respectively. The difference between the Mid and North region was mainly due to higher CO₂ and N₂O emissions from use of fuel and N-fertilizer in the North, where a short growth season, and thus reduced grass yields, are compensated by using greater land area. Based on the distribution of sheep in the regions, and the emission intensities in each region, weighted average emission intensities per kg carcass and greasy wool were estimated as 25.1 and 23.3 kg CO₂-eq, respectively. Five alternative methods for the allocation of the co-products were compared with the amounts allocated to greasy wool ranging from 0 % when using no allocation (i.e., all emissions allocated to the sheep carcass), 11 % for economic allocation, 12 % for mass allocation, 19 % for biophysical allocation based on energy requirement up to 31 % for allocation based on protein mass. The emission intensity for wool was highly sensitive to the allocation method used (range from 0 to 61 kg CO₂-eq per kg greasy wool), while the effect on sheep carcass was lower (range 19 to 28 kg CO₂-eq per kg carcass). For production systems where meat is the main product, as in Norway, allocation should be based on biophysical allocation based on energy requirement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 105472"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871141324000799/pdfft?md5=98e6087aa497a35f6180b20651e22704&pid=1-s2.0-S1871141324000799-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140605473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}