Livestock Science最新文献

{"title":"Whole genome resequencing analysis elucidate genetic features and signature of selection in binhu buffaloes","authors":"Kunyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongfeng Duan ,&nbsp;Jianbo Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Xu ,&nbsp;Cheng Huan ,&nbsp;Zulfiqar Ahmed ,&nbsp;Fang He ,&nbsp;Yang Luo ,&nbsp;Baizhong Zhang ,&nbsp;Chuzhao Lei ,&nbsp;Kangle Yi","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>The world's buffaloes are primarily divided into two main categories</h3><div>: swamp buffaloes and riverine buffaloes. Binhu buffaloes (BB) are Chinese indigenous swamp buffaloes, characterized as strong body vigor, fit for durable work with docile nature. However, there is literature void regarding genomic architecture and selective sweeps analysis for this breed. Herein we utilized 20 newly whole genome sequences (WGS) of BB together with published WGS data of seventy-four buffaloes [Upper Yangtze (UY) buffaloes; n = 30, Middle-Lower Yangtze (MLY) buffaloes; (n = 30) and River buffaloes (RB); (n = 14)] to elucidate population structure, genetic diversity and selection characteristics of the BB. The results showed that the BB originated from swamp buffalos. The genetic diversity of the BB was lower than that of the RB and higher than that of the UY and the MLY buffaloes. In addition, employing five selective sweep detection methods numerous genes related to immunity (<em>RELT, TP73, C5, CHMP1A, CDK10, ANKRD17</em>), heat tolerance (<em>DNAJB4, DNAJA1, HSF4, HELB, DNAJC28</em>), growth (<em>LYN, DYNC1I2, PLAG1, ADAMTSL3, CHKB, PDE1A, RXFP2</em>), carcass and metabolism (<em>SIRT6, LYPLA1, FADS1</em>), nervous system (<em>KIRREL3, AUTS2</em>), and reproduction (<em>SMG6, TSNAXIP1, CACNB2, ERCC3, RAD51, GDF9, CAMK4, KALRN, FANCA, SPIRE2, ATP2B1, AREG, EREG</em>) were found to be under selection. Taken together, current investigation provides a genetic basis for the characteristics specific to the BB, such as high body strength; tolerance to roughage and easy to gain weight; docile nature; ability to endure labor; strong adaptability; and low fecundity and offers new ideas for the conservation, development and utilization of this breed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"289 ","pages":"Article 105587"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of commercial cross-fostering in large litters when low body weight of piglets is the main criterion","authors":"Dubravko Škorput ,&nbsp;Zoran Luković ,&nbsp;Danijel Karolyi ,&nbsp;Dejan Škorjanc ,&nbsp;Ana Kaić ,&nbsp;Janko Skok ,&nbsp;Maja Prevolnik Povše","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Litter management aimed at reducing losses is crucial in intensive pig production, with cross-fostering (CF) being a commonly used approach. CF is a major challenge, especially in the breeding of highly prolific sows. We therefore investigated the efficiency of non-experimental CF under farm conditions. A total of 360 piglets (Choice Genetics − Naima sows × P76 boars) from 25 sequential litters were included in the observational study. Four litters with 48 piglets represented the control group and in the remaining 21 litters, 51 piglets (CF piglets) were cross-fostered according to the farm's standard procedure of mixing litters by body weight. The piglets were transferred to a specific foster sow in a way that piglets from 2 to 10 different litters were mixed. The CF piglets were lighter than the residents and the control piglets. The piglets that died had lower body weight than the survivors, especially in the CF group (≈35 %). Half of the CF piglets died a few days after birth, while mortality was 13 % in the residents and 8 % in the control group, resulting in a tendency of higher mortality in CF litters (19 %) compared to the control group. The unusually high mortality was mainly related to CF litters with more than two litters combined. Therefore, combining multiple litters and the use of low piglet birth weight as the main CF criterion does not seem to be justified from both a production and welfare point of view and could even have the opposite effect and increase mortality. To reduce mortality, other strategies could be tested (e.g. moving heavy piglets) and/or other CF criteria considered (e.g. teat order, litter size, parity).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"289 ","pages":"Article 105589"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary protein requirement of hyper-prolific sows in late gestation","authors":"Jakob C. Johannsen ,&nbsp;Martin T. Sørensen ,&nbsp;Thomas S. Bruun ,&nbsp;Takele Feyera","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105596","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study aimed to determine the protein requirement of hyper-prolific sows in late gestation. Forty-eight multiparous sows were assigned to one of six dietary treatments according to body weight (&lt;strong&gt;BW&lt;/strong&gt;; 287 ± 5 kg) on d 84 of gestation and parity (3.8 ± 0.1) and fed 3.3 kg/d from d 84 to 108 of gestation. Five dietary treatments had increasing concentrations of dietary protein [expressed as standardized ileal digestible (&lt;strong&gt;SID&lt;/strong&gt;) lysine (&lt;strong&gt;Lys&lt;/strong&gt;); 3.05 to 6.90 g/kg]. The sixth treatment (&lt;strong&gt;high-cAA&lt;/strong&gt;) had reduced crude protein (&lt;strong&gt;CP&lt;/strong&gt;) relative to Lys concentration and was supplemented with crystalline amino acids (&lt;strong&gt;AA&lt;/strong&gt;), so that the concentration of the supplemented AA matched that of the diet containing 6.90 g/kg of SID Lys and the remaining essential AA matched that of the diet containing 3.05 g/kg of SID Lys. Sow BW and backfat thickness (&lt;strong&gt;BF&lt;/strong&gt;) were measured and blood was sampled on d 84, 96 and 108 of gestation and weekly during lactation. Deuterium oxide was injected on d 84 and 108 of gestation and on d 3 and 28 of lactation to estimate sow body composition. A nitrogen (&lt;strong&gt;N&lt;/strong&gt;) balance was conducted on d 107 of gestation. At the onset of farrowing, colostrum and blood were sampled from the sows and number and birth time of live- and stillborn piglets, and birth weight of liveborn were recorded. Piglets were weighed and colostrum sampled at 12, 24, and 36 h after the onset of farrowing, and thereafter weekly weighing and milk sampling during lactation. From d 84 to 108 of gestation sow BW increased with SID Lys until reaching a plateau at 5.63 g/kg of SID Lys (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.02) and sow BF had a polynomial relationship with SID Lys, which peaked at 4.85 g/kg of SID Lys (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.04). On d 107 of gestation, N retention and utilization increased linearly with SID Lys and reached plateaus at 5.60 (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001) and 5.07 g/kg of SID Lys (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01), respectively. Reproductive parameters were not affected by dietary treatments and there were no indications of carry-over effects to lactational performance. During the treatment period, sows fed the high-cAA diet had higher BW (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01) and body protein (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.02) gain than sows fed 3.05 g/kg of SID Lys and on d 107 of gestation they had reduced excretion of urea and N in urine (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001 for both) relative to sows fed 6.90 g/kg of SID Lys. Also, compared to any other treatment, the plasma concentration of sows fed the high-cAA diet gradually decreased during the treatment period (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01), indicating reduced AA oxidation. In conclusion, a SID Lys concentration of 4.85 to 5.07 g/kg (16.0 to 16.7 g/d) from d 84 to 108 of gestation ensures optimal utilization of N and maximizes BF gain in hyper-prolific sows. Piglet and litter birth weight and sow milk yield were unaffected by dietary concentration of SID Lys. ","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 105596"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the composite cattle worldwide using bibliometric analysis","authors":"Concepta McManus ,&nbsp;Felipe Pimentel ,&nbsp;José Bento Sterman Ferraz ,&nbsp;Rafael Núñez-Domínguez ,&nbsp;Renato Fontes Guimarães ,&nbsp;Daniel Pimentel ,&nbsp;Luís Telo da Gama ,&nbsp;Nathalia da Silva Costa ,&nbsp;Vanessa Peripolli","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bibliographic mapping can help us understand publication networks and how a specific area of knowledge is developing. Here, we analysed citation, co-occurrence of keywords, co-citation and bibliographic coupling networks for composite cattle worldwide. Data was collected from Scopus® and analysed in Vosviewer®. The highest cited authors are from Brazil and Australia, but the USA has the highest number of publications and citations. Recent advances have seen the appearance of Chinese research groups. Keyword analysis shows a shift from quantitative to molecular genetics. Multi-focal journals such as Journal of Dairy Science, Journal of Animal Science and Livestock Science have the highest numbers of publications and citations in this field. This analysis can help us identify major changes in future research pathways and identify new groups that working on it. It is useful in network building and identifying up-to-date topics in the research field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 105593"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social interactions and movement patterns of rangeland-raised beef cows and their calves","authors":"Mohammed N. Sawalhah ,&nbsp;Andrés F. Cibils ,&nbsp;Vanessa J. Prileson ,&nbsp;Robert L. Wesley ,&nbsp;J.Travis Mulliniks ,&nbsp;Mark K. Petersen","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the spatial and temporal relationships between beef calves and their dams is crucial for effective rangeland management. This study investigated these dynamics on semiarid rangeland using GPS collars fitted on cow-calf pairs. Data were collected on 46 crossbred cows and 34 calves grazing two adjacent 219 and 146 ha pastures. The primary objective was to determine the proximity of calves to their dams and other adult cows at different calf ages (1, 2 and 4 mos.). Over a 24 h period, calves spent on average 10.5 and 17.5 h within 5 or 10 m of an adult cow, respectively, and spent 2.6, 5.6 and 2.3 h within 5 m of their dams, other adult cows and a guard cow (cow other than the dam that spent the most time in the proximity of a calf), respectively. Calves spent more time within 5 or 10 m of an adult cow during night vs. daytime hours and spent detectably (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) more time within 5 or 10 m of other adult cows vs. their dam (5.6 vs. 2.6 or 10.3 vs. 3.5 h). Calves spent a similar (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05) amount of time within 5 or 10 m of their dam vs. the guard cow (2.6 vs. 2.3 or 3.5 vs. 3.7 h) regardless of age during both day and nighttime hours. In general, calves spent more time within 5 and 10 m of an adult cow at 2 vs. 1 or 4 mos. of age. Greater mother-offspring clustering occurred at 2 vs. 1 or 4 mos. of age regardless of the spatial threshold considered. Regardless of calf age, calves and nursing cows traveled on average 4.5 and 6.7 km/day, respectively. Calves at 4 mo of age traveled farther than younger calves. Nursing cows traveled farther when calves were 4 mo. vs. 1 or 2 mos. of age and tended to travel farther when calves were 1 vs. 2 mos. old. Calves spent more time close to other nursing cows vs. their dam. These findings suggest that while dams play a crucial role in calf development, other nursing cows may also influence their foraging behaviors. Further research is needed to fully understand the dynamics of these relationships and their implications for rangeland management, such as optimizing grazing strategies and improving calf health and productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 105594"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viability prediction and evaluation methods for neonatal piglets with low body weight gain and intra-uterine growth restriction","authors":"Hyelim Jeon ,&nbsp;Geonil Lee ,&nbsp;Kyungwon Kang ,&nbsp;Jinhyeon Yun","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increased litter sizes of modern sows have led to the birth of underweight and intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) piglets. This study aimed to predict the viability of neonatal piglets with low body weight (BW) and body weight gain (BWG) in day 1 and day 5 after birth. It also sought to determine if physical properties and alternative evaluation methods for IUGR could serve as reliable parameters for identifying piglets with low BWG. The physical characteristics of 108 piglets ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) were measured. Thirty evaluators provided IUGR scores using an alternative method (Cronbach's α exceeding 0.9). These were compared with those using the conventional evaluation method, and the piglets were classified into normal, mildly IUGR, and severe IUGR groups. In the results, BW on the first day after birth was highly associated with head and left eye scores obtained in the IUGR evaluation, rectal temperature, and body lengths (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05 for all). These associations remained significant until day 5 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), except for the left eye score. In the conventional IUGR evaluation, head score, body mass index on days 1 and 5, and body lengths (excluding crown-to-rump and eye lengths) were higher in normal piglets than those of IUGR piglets (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Regarding BWG, using 0 g as the standard, piglets with negative BWG showed higher head scores than those with positive BWG (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), while other body morphology scores for IUGR determination and physical properties were unrelated to BWG. When average weight gain (660 g) was used as the standard, piglets with BWG &gt;660 g had longer body lengths than those with BWG &lt;660 g (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). However, morphology scores and piglet traits did not exhibit significant differences. In conclusion, significant variations were observed in BW, BWG, physical traits, and IUGR scores of piglets within five days after birth, highlighting the importance of proper management of low-vitality piglets to optimise their survival. Furthermore, our findings suggest that head score assessment may be a reliable, efficient method for identifying piglets with IUGR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 105592"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of different levels of black soldier fly larvae meal on growth performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens","authors":"S.H. Baderuddin,&nbsp;L.S. David,&nbsp;T.J. Wester,&nbsp;P.C.H. Morel","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A study was conducted to examine the impact of two inclusion levels of Black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) replacing soybean meal on growth performance, nutrient utilization, carcass characteristics and meat quality of broilers. Three experimental diets based on corn-soybean meal were developed to contain 0 (control), 6 (BSF 6) and 12% (BSF 12) BSFLMfor both starter and grower phases. Each experimental diet was randomly allotted to six replicate pens (eight birds per pen). The birds were offered starter pellets from 0 to 14 day post-hatch and grower pellets from 15 to 28 day post-hatch. The experimental diets were tested for pellet durability index (PDI). There was an interaction between diet and growth phase (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) for pellet durability index where starter diets had always a higher PDI than the grower diets, but the difference was greater for control diet than BSF 6 and BSF 12 diets. Apparent metabolizable energy (AME) of diets and coefficients of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) of nutrients were measured on day 28 using titanium dioxide marker ratios in the diet and excreta/ileal digesta. On day 28, the weights of live body, carcass, fat pad, breast and gizzard were recorded, and then breast meat quality (meat pH, drip loss and cooking loss) was examined. Inclusion of BSFLM of up to 12 % did not reduce live weight gain or feed intake. Live weight and carcass weight were heavier in broilers fed 12 % BSFLM than controls (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.02), but were not different than those fed 6 %, while controls were not different than those fed 6 %. Breast weight (percentage live weight) was lower in birds offered 12 % BSFL than in others (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.04). No differences were observed between diets for the percentage weight as carcass, fat, pad and gizzard. The AME and AMEc of diets were the highest in broilers fed 6 % BSFLM diet (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.005), but there were no differences between controls and those fed 12 % BSFLM. The CAID of DM, ash and N in birds fed 6 % BSFLM were greater than (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.03) birds fed 12 %, but were not different than controls, which were also not different than those fed 12 %. Broiler breast meat quality was unaffected by dietary treatments. In conclusion, BSFLM at 12 % can be used effectively as a SBM replacement in starter and grower diets, without affecting the growth performance, nutrient utilization, carcass characteristics and meat quality of broiler chickens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 105588"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of social hierarchy on short-term group-housed sow gestation and reproductive performance","authors":"Dominique M. Sommer ,&nbsp;Jennifer M. Young ,&nbsp;Xin Sun ,&nbsp;Giancarlo Lopez-Martinez ,&nbsp;Christopher J. Byrd","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study was to determine whether group-housed sow social rank has an effect on sow gestation and reproductive performance. Forty-nine sows with previous group housing experience were enrolled in the study, housed in 1 of 3 pens over five repetitions, and allocated to 1 of 4 social hierarchy rank quartiles (RQ) based on their aggressive interactions immediately after weaning and reintroduction to group housing. Sows in RQ1 were ranked highest within the group, followed by RQ2, RQ3, and RQ4 sows, who were ranked lowest within the group. All sows were confirmed pregnant and underwent body condition scoring (BCS) and backfat depth (BF) measurement on experimental d -7 (before gestation group housing), 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 105 of gestation. Following the gestation period, farrowing, nursing period, and weaning performance were measured for each of the enrolled sows. Rank quartile had no effect on BCS or BF (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). There tended (<em>P</em> = 0.08) to be an effect of RQ on the number of mummies produced, with RQ4 sows producing a greater number of mummies compared to RQ1 (<em>P</em> = 0.02), RQ2 (<em>P</em> = 0.04), and RQ3 (<em>P</em> = 0.03) sows. No other effects of RQ were observed for farrowing, nursing period, or weaning performance (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). Taken together, these results indicate that RQ (at least in the short term) has little effect on gestational and reproductive performance of sows housed in groups during gestation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 105591"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacillus licheniformis and phytase combination in broiler chicken diets: Effects on growth performance, digestibility coefficients, gut microbiome activities, and bone quality","authors":"Jacek Trela ,&nbsp;Bartosz Kierończyk ,&nbsp;Muhammad Rumman Aslam ,&nbsp;Piotr Szymkowiak ,&nbsp;Mateusz Rawski ,&nbsp;Jerzy Juśkiewicz ,&nbsp;Damian Józefiak","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present study, <em>B. licheniformis</em> was added to broiler chicken diets alone or in combination with 6-phytase and the effects on growth performance, coefficients of ileal nutrient digestibility, morphometrical measurements of selected internal organs, gut microbial activity, and bone quality were determined. Four hundred 1-day-old female birds (Ross 308) were randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments (10 replicate pens, 10 birds each). The trial was set up as follows: negative control (NC), basal diet without any feed additive; NC+Pro, basal diet with <em>B. licheniformis</em> (500 g/t of diet); NC+Phy, basal diet with 6-phytase (400 g/t of diet); and NC+Pro+Phy, basal diet in which both experimental factors were added at the same levels as above. The interaction between treatments was noted in each evaluated period regarding BWG and FI. In the entire experiment, an increased body weight gain (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) was observed in the NC+Pro+Phy treatment compared to the other groups. The birds that received both feed additives combined were characterized by an increased feed intake (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), contrary to NC+Pro and NC+Phy. Moreover, in terms of microenvironment modulations, interactions (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) were observed in the jejunal and cecal digesta pH, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) level, and microbial enzyme activities. However, the impacts of <em>B. licheniformis</em> and phytase on cecal SCFA concentrations and bacterial enzymes were mainly opposite. There were no interactions (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in terms of geometrical, mechanical, and structural selected tibia and femur indices. However, 6-phytase addition improved bone structure, stiffness, and elasticity. In conclusion, the interactions between 6-phytase and <em>B. licheniformis</em> positively affect growth performance via microbial activity changes; however, the supportive bone quality maintenance properties are only connected to 6-phytase supplementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"289 ","pages":"Article 105586"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediterranean agro-industrial by-products and food waste in pig and chicken diets: Which way forward?","authors":"A. Georganas,&nbsp;P. Kyriakaki,&nbsp;E. Giamouri,&nbsp;A. Mavrommatis,&nbsp;E. Tsiplakou,&nbsp;A.C. Pappas","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mediterranean countries produce large quantities of food waste mainly from the hospitality sector and the tourism industry as well as agro-industrial by-products (AIBP) from the agricultural sector. This provides opportunities to increase self-sufficiency of feeds and reduce variability of feed prices by safely recycling AIBP and food waste in animal diets. This article reviews the sustainable economy potential of food waste and AIBP via pigs and chicken focusing on the Mediterranean area underlining the need to transform the food ecosystem in the context of finding the optimal balance between social, environmental, and economic sustainability. Typical Mediterranean AIBP covered in this review in relation to antioxidant effects and product quality of pigs and poultry include citrus, vinification (e.g., grape pomace), olive, and pomegranate by-products. Animal studies on these by-products are limited, especially their effect on the animal transcriptome. There is potential for food waste use in animal diets given that some of them are rich in fatty acids and may affect final animal product quality. The reuse of AIBP or their extracts rich in antioxidants and food waste in animal diets has the potential not only to maintain sustainable economy but also to produce foods of added value.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"289 ","pages":"Article 105584"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}