Livestock Science最新文献

{"title":"Investigating cattle responses to acoustic signals to extend the functions of virtual fencing collars","authors":"Lisa Wilms ,&nbsp;Juliane Horn ,&nbsp;Friederike Riesch ,&nbsp;Dina Hamidi ,&nbsp;Martin Komainda ,&nbsp;Masud Hamidi ,&nbsp;Johannes Isselstein","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Virtual fencing uses collars that emit acoustic signals and, if necessary, electric pulses to indicate the fence line. In Europe, legalization is lacking because of animal welfare concerns over electric pulses. This study investigated whether acoustic signals can replace electric pulses and influence grazing livestock movement. Two experiments with eight to ten Fleckvieh heifers and a prototype virtual fencing collar that emits directional acoustic signals and vibrations were conducted over 36 days in 2023 and 32 days in 2024. In the first experiment, the heifers’ responses to different acoustic signals and vibrations were analyzed. Generalized linear mixed effect models with data from behavioral observations and heart rate measurements revealed that the heifers were unimpressed by the signals, as often no response was observed and the changes in heart rate appeared to be unrelated to the signaling. Furthermore, clear signs of quick habituation were found, suggesting the need to test different signals. In the second experiment, we tested whether the heifers could be taught to adjust their walking direction to directional acoustic signals while moving toward a feed source. The training protocol used proved ineffective in teaching heifers to associate an acoustic signal with a walking direction, as generalized linear mixed effect models revealed that the heifers approached the indicated feed source in less than 50 % of the cases. Instead, side preferences were detected for some heifers. A different training protocol is recommended for further studies to test whether directional acoustic signals can influence the movement of cattle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"300 ","pages":"Article 105788"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beef quality and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in Nellore bulls finished with diets containing snaplage","authors":"Edmilson H.R. Domingues,&nbsp;Thiago F. Bernardes,&nbsp;Gabrielli F. da Costa,&nbsp;Mateus P. Gionbelli,&nbsp;Daniel R. Casagrande,&nbsp;Priscilla D. Teixeira,&nbsp;Tathyane R.S. Gionbelli,&nbsp;Ana C.O. Santos,&nbsp;José Oliveira,&nbsp;Marcio M. Ladeira","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105787","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105787","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study was to analyze beef quality through chemical composition, color, and shear force, as well as the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, in the muscle of Nellore bulls fed snaplage. Seventy-two Nellore bulls with an initial live weight of 400 ± 27.4 kg were used in a completely randomized design. Bulls were housed in 8 pens per treatment with three animals each, with pens considered the experimental units. The experimental diets were control, snaplage + ground corn (SNAP65, with 65% snaplage), and snaplage (SNAP85, with 85% snaplage). After an experimental period of 86 days, the animals were slaughtered by concussion stunning and severing of the jugular vein. After skinning, longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle samples were taken from the left half-carcass. Gene expressions were analyzed using the RT-qPCR technique. The chemical composition of the LT muscle was not influenced by the inclusion or absence of snaplage in the diet (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). However, animals fed SNAP85 showed higher <em>PPARG</em> expression (<em>P</em> = 0.03). The muscle of young bulls fed SNAP65 and SNAP85 showed higher expression of the <em>ACACA</em> and <em>SCD1</em> genes (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.03) than the control muscle. <em>PC</em> expression in the liver was higher for the control treatment than SNAP65 and SNAP85, while <em>PEPCK2</em> had greater expression in animals fed control and SNAP85 treatments than in those fed SNAP65. We conclude that diets with snaplage can replace other types of diets and silages since they increase the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and do not affect qualitative beef attributes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"300 ","pages":"Article 105787"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of inbreeding on reproductive, growth and morphological traits of Mertolenga cattle in Portugal","authors":"Andreia Vitorino ,&nbsp;George Stilwell ,&nbsp;José Pais ,&nbsp;Nuno Carolino","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inbreeding is a common issue in small breeds under conservation and larger breeds under selection, leading to genetic diversity loss, increased homozygosity, and inbreeding depression. This study estimated the effect of inbreeding (F_i) and inbreeding rate (ΔF_i) on productive, reproductive and morphological traits and assessed the impact of including these parameters in the animal model used to estimate their genetic parameters. Genealogical and production data from the Mertolenga herdbook were analyzed using MTDFREML software and mixed models to estimate the effect of F_i and ΔF_i on different traits and their genetic parameters. Inbreeding depression was evaluated through trait regressions on individual and maternal inbreeding coefficients, with genetic parameters estimated with and without inbreeding as a covariate. Significant negative effects (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) of inbreeding were found for reproductive traits, weaning weight, and carcass weight per day. Among morphological traits, F_i affected only MT2 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), while ΔF_i significantly impacted most traits (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), except MT16 (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). Inbreeding had an unfavorable effect on all the reproductive and growth traits analyzed. The largest differences in estimates of variance components and heritability between models with and without F_i were observed for productive longevity and total number of calvings. The results obtained suggest that ignoring inbreeding may lead to under- or overestimation of heritability and that the ΔF_i can provide a more accurate assessment of the cumulative negative impact of inbreeding over time, particularly where there are some gaps in the pedigree. Livestock improvement programs should balance genetic progress and genetic diversity to mitigate inbreeding effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"300 ","pages":"Article 105786"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of neighbouring cows within the milking parlour on a cow's daily milk yield","authors":"Ida Hansson ,&nbsp;Hector Marina ,&nbsp;Freddy Fikse ,&nbsp;Per Peetz Nielsen ,&nbsp;Lars Rönnegård","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Social interactions in a dairy herd are essential to maintain the herd's structure. Disturbances in social relationships can be stressful and may impact both animal welfare and production. Pathological and physiological changes, biological variations, but also the social environment induced by surrounding cows can affect variation in the daily milk production. This study aims to investigate the social interplay between cows during milking by examining the milking order in a milking parlour and determining if the individuals a cow stands next to will affect its daily milk yield. Milking order data from 234 individuals was collected from a two-sided herringbone parlour twice a day for 35 days. The indirect effect of the neighbour cows in the milking parlour was studied by fitting a linear mixed model to the daily milk yield residuals. The estimated indirect effects on milk yield ranged from -1.07 kg to 0.85 kg. We described a weak negative correlation of -0.26 (SE: 0.09) between direct and indirect effect estimates. The average of the indirect effects of neighbouring cows differed between different lactation stages and regrouped cows changed to a more negative estimated indirect effect in their new group. Our results show individual variation in the average indirect effect on the milk yield of the neighbour, with some individuals having a positive effect on their group mates, while others have a more negative effect. Further investigation of these effects would be helpful in selecting the best individuals in a herd and optimising group composition and milking routines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"300 ","pages":"Article 105785"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a wood-based feed supplement as an alternative to zinc oxide: Effects on growth, antioxidant and inflammatory status, and gut integrity in weaned piglets","authors":"Juan Orengo ,&nbsp;Daniel Serrano ,&nbsp;Francisco Murciano ,&nbsp;Christine Potthast ,&nbsp;Stefan Hirtenlehner ,&nbsp;Maria José Carrión-López ,&nbsp;Guillermo Ramis","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>From July 2022, the European Union banned therapeutic doses of zinc oxide (ZnO) in animal feed, prompting interest in alternative dietary supplements with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The study examined the effects of adding a wood-based feed supplement, rich in lignans and phenolic acids, to pre-starter and starter diets on piglet growth performance and intestinal integrity post-weaning. A total of 126 piglets were randomly assigned to three treatments: positive control (PC) and negative control (NC) diets with or without high doses of ZnO in the pre-starter diet (Zn levels exceeding 2500 mg/kg vs. 150 mg/kg), and a diet containing a wood-based supplement (WBS) at a dosage of 1500 mg/kg. Growth parameters were assessed weekly during the post-weaning period. Moreover, blood and fecal samples were collected at 14 days to analyze antioxidant parameters, acute phase proteins, and gene expression related to gut integrity and immune response. No differences in feed conversion ratio were observed among dietary treatments. However, PC and WPS piglets had higher feed intake than those from NC. The growth rate in WPS piglets was intermediate and not different from both control groups. The PC group showed higher relative quantification for <em>IL1β, IFNα, TNFα</em> and <em>occludin</em> than the NC group, whereas piglets fed WBS treatment showed intermediate figures. Overall, the study suggests that dietary inclusion of the wood-based supplement showed promise in promoting increased feed intake and moderate anti-inflammatory activity in weaned piglets, potentially mitigating production losses resulting from the ban on therapeutic levels of ZnO in the early post-weaning period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"300 ","pages":"Article 105784"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methane mitigation in practically applicable dairy diets: Impact of diet composition and extruded linseed","authors":"J. Van Mullem ,&nbsp;D. Van Wesemael ,&nbsp;B. Ampe ,&nbsp;V. Fievez ,&nbsp;L. Vandaele ,&nbsp;N. Peiren","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recognized strategies to mitigate methane (CH₄) emissions from dairy cows include increased levels of dietary starch or lipids. Most studies have tested extreme experimental diets that are rarely applied in practice, as farmers generally apply lower concentrations. In the present study we evaluated the effects of partial replacement of grass silage (GS) with corn silage (CS) and extruded linseed (EL) supplementation in optimized dairy cattle diets under conventional farming conditions. Three 15-week experiments were conducted in three periods: adaptation (3 weeks), pre-treatment (6 weeks), and treatment (6 weeks). A reference group receiving a control diet was compared to each treatment group. In EXP1, GS (65 % GS, 35 % CS) was partially replaced with CS (35 % GS, 65 % CS). In EXP2 and EXP3, EL (13.8 % of dietary DM, fat increased by 1.5 %) was added to a CS-based (EXP2) and to a GS-based diet (EXP3). No significant effect was observed on milk production and CH₄ emissions when replacing GS with CS. EL addition to the CS-based diet showed a trend toward a 9 % reduction in CH₄ production and yield (<em>p</em> = 0.097 and <em>p</em> = 0.074), while no significant effect of EL was observed for the GS-based diet. In summary, replacing GS with CS had no effect on production or CH₄ emissions, while adding EL to a CS-based diet showed potential for CH₄ mitigation. This study shows that recognized CH₄ mitigation strategies may not prove effective when diets are optimized based on practical guidelines for high-producing dairy cows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"300 ","pages":"Article 105783"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of hemp leaves on intake, digestion, and rumen fermentation parameters in beef steers","authors":"G. Fruge ,&nbsp;R. Jessup ,&nbsp;J. Suter ,&nbsp;S. Fortunatti ,&nbsp;M.L. Drewery","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hemp (<em>Cannabis sativa</em> L.) cultivation creates by-products (i.e., seedcake and leaves) that, if not placed in an existing market, may be wasted. This waste could be mitigated by feeding these by-products to livestock. Hempseed meal (HSM) has been approved for poultry feed in the U.S. at ≤20 % dietary inclusion. However, HSM is also used in human markets, reducing its economic viability as livestock feed. Research has indicated that hemp leaves have similar nutritive value to conventional forages and may be a suitable feed for ruminants; however, <em>in vivo</em> digestibility studies are lacking. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of hemp leaf supplementation at a dose of 3.9 mg/kg body weight (BW) cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) on intake, digestion, and rumen fermentation in beef steers. Ruminally cannulated beef steers (<em>n</em> = 5) were fed hay and alfalfa cubes for 15-d then fed the same diet supplemented with hemp leaves at 3.9 mg/kg BW CBDA per day for 14-d. Hemp supplementation significantly increased forage intake and total tract digestion of organic matter and neutral detergent fiber (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.01). There were no effects of treatment on ruminal ammonia, total volatile fatty acid concentrations, or ruminal pH (<em>P</em> ≥ 0.60). Hemp supplementation affected molar proportions of acetate, propionate and butyrate (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.01). These data indicate that hemp leaves can be supplemented to cattle at the dose provided (3.9 mg/kg BW CBDA) without negatively impacting diet utilization or rumen fermentation. Future research should confirm these findings at higher levels of hemp inclusion and/or in total mixed rations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"300 ","pages":"Article 105782"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144623685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving generation and publication of protein abundance data in livestock physiology studies","authors":"Elke Albrecht,&nbsp;Steffen Maak","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In animal and livestock physiology, methods for detection and quantification of proteins become increasingly important to describe a physiological state of the animal. This Opinion Paper intends to point to the insufficient situation of protein data reproducibility due to the lack of information in scientific publications. Authors, reviewers and editors should take care of a few points that can improve the reliability and reproducibility of published studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 105777"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144587580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of individual crossbreeding effects and growth curve analysis for growth traits of Dorper × local crossbred sheep in Ethiopia","authors":"Shanbel Besufkad ,&nbsp;Aschalew Abebe ,&nbsp;Zeleke Tesema ,&nbsp;Asfaw Bisrat ,&nbsp;Shenkute Goshme ,&nbsp;Tesfaye Zewdie ,&nbsp;Erdachew Yitagesu ,&nbsp;Derib Aydefruhm ,&nbsp;Firdawok Ayele ,&nbsp;Chekol Demis ,&nbsp;Enyew Aleminew ,&nbsp;Tadiwo Asfaw ,&nbsp;Yeshitla Wondiyfraw ,&nbsp;Mesfin Eshete ,&nbsp;Tesfa Getachew ,&nbsp;Liulseged Alemayehu ,&nbsp;Solomon Gizaw ,&nbsp;Tesfaye Getachew ,&nbsp;Berhanu Belay ,&nbsp;Mourad Rekik ,&nbsp;Aynalem Haile","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Growth data collected from 2011 to 2024 at Debre Birhan Agricultural Research Center sheep breeding station in Ethiopia was used to estimate crossbreeding parameters and describe the growth pattern of Dorper × Menz crossbred sheep. To estimate crossbreeding parameters, the coefficient of breed additive, heterosis and recombination effects in the lamb were fitted as covariates in the analysis. Growth curve model parameters were estimated using Levenberg-Marquardt’s iterative algorithm through the nonlinear regression (NLIN) procedure in SAS. Menz sheep were consistently lighter and gained lower weight than Dorper and their crosses. Relative to the mean value of Menz sheep, the Dorper additive contribution to the BWT, WWT, SMWT, YWT, ADG1, ADG2 and ADG3 of lambs were 47.4, 49.7, 53.4, 63.9, 49.7, 36.9 and 1.16% higher, respectively. The heterosis effects were significantly negative (P&lt;0.05) for BWT, WWT, SMWT and ADG1, but positive (P&lt;0.01) for YWT, ADG2 and ADG3. The estimates of the recombination loss were positive in all traits except for ADG2. The Brody model provided the best fit of growth curve in all lamb genotypes, males, females, single and twin. The present study confirmed that the breed differences, heterosis and recombination effects are important genetic factors affecting growth performance in the Dorper × Menz crossbreeding programs. Moreover, improvement of growth curve parameters could be possible through selection program and intervention of improved management during weaning to six months of age. Therefore, developing an improved management and selection strategy to achieve the desired shape of growth would be very important.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 105780"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144587579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of replacement of soybean meal with fermented soybean meal on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics in broiler","authors":"Ali Husnain ,&nbsp;Urooj Anwar ,&nbsp;Asfa Fatima ,&nbsp;Riaz Mustafa ,&nbsp;Umar Farooq ,&nbsp;Waseem Abbas ,&nbsp;Muhammad Farooq Khalid ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ashraf ,&nbsp;Muhammad Aziz ur Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study's objective was to evaluate the impacts of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with fermented soybean meal (FSBM) in the diet of broilers on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics. A total of 800 day-old broiler chicks weighing 39 <!--> <!-->± <!--> <!-->2 g were reared for the trial of 35 days. Chicks were randomly divided into four treatments of 10 replicates, having 20 chicks per replicate. Treatments were basal diet having 0 % FSBM (control group), 2.5 %, 5 % and 7.5 % replacement of SBM with FSBM. Weekly feed intake (FI), body weight gain and mortality were determined and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was also calculated. Ileal nutrient digestibility was determined on days 21 and 35 by using an external marker method. For the evaluation of carcass parameters, two birds from each replicate were randomly slaughtered on 35th day. The results showed that dietary treatments did not affect the FI of birds (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). However, the birds fed 2.5 % FSBM-based diet showed better weight gain and decrease in FCR (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Nutrient digestibility (ether extract and crude protein) was significantly enhanced (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) by 2.5 % FSBM on day 21st and 35th day (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Similarly, no effect was shown (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05) by dietary treatments on carcass characteristics on days 21 and 35 of the experiment. In conclusion, replacing 2.5 % of SBM with FSBM in the diet improves growth performance and ileal nutrient digestibility in broilers without affecting FI or carcass characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 105779"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144579258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}