Livestock Science最新文献

{"title":"Effects of dietary nitrate, fumaric acid, and methanotrophic bacteria supplementation on rumino-intestinal nutrient metabolism and enteric gas exchange in dairy cows","authors":"Morten Maigaard, Martin R. Weisbjerg, Mette Olaf Nielsen, Anne Louise Frydendahl Hellwing, Peter Lund","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of two approaches for enteric methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) mitigation and one approach for redirection of excess hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) resulting from CH<sub>4</sub> inhibition, on dairy cows’ gas exchange and nutrient digestibility. Approaches for CH<sub>4</sub> mitigation were methanotrophic bacteria supplementation and dietary nitrate, whereas the approach for H<sub>2</sub> redirection was nitrate combined with fumaric acid. An incomplete 6 × 6 Latin square design experiment was conducted with 4 periods of 21 d using 6 rumen, duodenum, and ileum cannulated Danish Holstein cows with DIM of 123 ± 64.8 d (mean ± SD) and the milk yield was 33.6 ± 9.39 kg/d at beginning of experiment. The treatments were organized in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, where the first factor represented treatments without or with methanotrophic bacteria supplementation (MET), and the second factor represented 3 different dietary additive supplementations (DIET). These were a basal diet (BAS; no additives), a diet with nitrate (NIT; 10 g nitrate/kg dry matter (DM)), and a diet with nitrate combined with fumaric acid (NIT-F; NIT + 15 g fumaric acid/kg DM). Cows had ad libitum access to diets with a forage to concentrate ratio of 60 to 40 on dry matter basis. Following adaptation to experimental diets, samples of rumen fluid, digesta from duodenum and ileum, and feces were collected to estimate nutrient digestibility using Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub> as external flow markers. Then, gas exchanges were measured in respiration chambers. There was no CH<sub>4</sub> mitigating effect of MET. Nitrate reduced CH<sub>4</sub> production (g/d), yield (g/kg DMI), and intensity (g/kg ECM) by 19.5, 11.9, and 17.2 %, respectively, whereas H<sub>2</sub> yield (g/kg DMI) was increased by 261 %. Ruminal redox value was decreased by nitrate, and individual rumen volatile fatty acid proportions reflected a more reduced rumen environment although propionate proportions decreased. Nutrient digestibility was not affected by nitrate although microbial CP efficiency (g of microbial CP/kg true rumen digested organic matter) was decreased. Supplementing fumaric acid in combination with nitrate decreased H<sub>2</sub> production by 26.8 % compared to nitrate fed cows, and this was associated with increased propionate concentrations. However, there was no effect on H<sub>2</sub> emission when corrected for dry matter intake (DMI) or energy-corrected milk (ECM) yield. There were no effects of any of the treatments on DMI or ECM yield. In conclusion, the results demonstrated a CH<sub>4</sub> mitigating effect of nitrate supplementation resulting in increased H<sub>2</sub> emission. The effects on nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation were minor. Fumaric acid supplementation redirected some H<sub>2</sub> to propionate, although the efficiency was small. Supplementation of methanotrophic bacteria did not suppress ","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"289 ","pages":"Article 105572"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871141324001781/pdfft?md5=f35777efa19e6f6d91ce2e4dc6bc94e0&pid=1-s2.0-S1871141324001781-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142164861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent technological developments and future trends in the evaluation and prediction of beef sensory quality in Brazil and France","authors":"Nathalia da Silva Rodrigues Mendes ,&nbsp;Julio Cesar Colivet Briceno ,&nbsp;Eliane Teixeira Mársico ,&nbsp;Marie-Pierre Ellies-Oury ,&nbsp;Sghaier Chriki ,&nbsp;Jean-François Hocquette ,&nbsp;Tatianne Ferreira de Oliveira","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Brazil and France, which are two major beef players, continue to consolidate and strengthen their respective positions on international beef markets. This review summarizes Brazil's and France's recent technological developments in this sector, tracing the recent evolution of their beef markets with attention to indicators of quality, meeting consumer expectations, as well as to future trends in new techniques for predicting beef sensory quality. In addition, this review will focus on the feasibility of implementing the Meat Standards Australia (MSA) grading protocols (known internationally as the Guaranteed Global Grading (3G protocols) by the International Meat Research 3G Foundation. Implementations of the MSA/3G grading scheme as recommended by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) are particularly attractive because of MSA's proven record of increasing the reliability and accuracy of predictions of the sensory quality of beef through the use of pre- and post-slaughter factors. Additionally, the feasibility of new technologies for assessing the eating quality of beef has been evaluated by comparing the marbling scores of beef given by accredited graders for the MSA/3G method with those obtained using portable devices based on these new technologies. In this way, it is expected that implementation of the MSA/3G methodology and nondestructive techniques to evaluate the quality and safety of beef in Brazil and France will more reliably predict and further improve sensory quality, similar to what has already been implemented elsewhere.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 105550"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142098780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can C-type natriuretic peptide during in vitro maturation or culture influence the development of bovine embryos?","authors":"Camila Oliveira Rosa ,&nbsp;Patrícia Kubo Fontes ,&nbsp;Fábio Morotti ,&nbsp;Camila Bortoliero Costa ,&nbsp;Amanda Fonseca Zangirolamo ,&nbsp;Luciana Rocha Faustino ,&nbsp;Marcelo Fábio Gouveia Nogueira ,&nbsp;Marcelo Marcondes Seneda","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) plays a central role in regulating the meiotic progression of oocytes into growing follicles in mammals. However, there are few reports examining the relationship between CNP and embryonic development. In our study, different concentrations (50, 100, or 150 nM) of CNP were added during <em>in vitro</em> maturation (IVM) of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) or <em>in vitro</em> culture (IVC) of the bovine embryos (<em>B. taurus indicus</em>). The effects on embryo production and transcript abundance of the 20 genes of greatest interest that are related to metabolism, oocyte maturation, follicular development, cell signaling, oxidative and thermal stress, maternal-fetal interaction, and epigenetic regulation were evaluated. The blastocyst rate was influenced by CNP treatment (<em>P</em> = 0.049). Blastocyst rates were 31.05% (136/438) in the control group, 33.47% (162/484) in the 50 nM treatment group, 35.24% (179/508) in the 100 nM treatment group, and 32.53% (162/498) in the 150 nM treatment group for IVM. Furthermore, with IVC CNP supplementation, blastocyst rates were 28.49% (100/351) at 50 nM, 27.67% (119/430) at 100 nM, and 26.92% (112/416) at 150 nM. Moreover, the expression of RE1 silencing transcription factor (REST), a gene related to pluripotency and to embryonic development, was greater (<em>P</em> = 0.028) in response to 150 nM CNP supplementation in IVM. Finally, we observed for the first time the expression of the CNP receptor (NPR2) in embryos and the possible action of CNP at this stage. In conclusion, our data provide a reference for the improvement of IVM results in the <em>in vitro</em> production of bovine embryos with supplementation with 100 nM CNP, and this is the first study to demonstrate the expression of the CNP receptor (NPR2) in bovine embryos.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"289 ","pages":"Article 105559"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142097463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative analysis of transcriptome and metabolome reveals the heterogeneity of ovarian follicles between high-altitude Yak (Bos grunniens) and Low-altitude cattle (Bos taurus)","authors":"Hongmei Xu ,&nbsp;Zifeng Ma ,&nbsp;Jinlun Lu ,&nbsp;Yueyue Li ,&nbsp;Qiao Li ,&nbsp;Shi Yin ,&nbsp;Honghong He ,&nbsp;Yan Xiong ,&nbsp;Xianrong Xiong ,&nbsp;Jian Li ,&nbsp;Daoliang Lan ,&nbsp;Wei Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Differences including reproductive efficiency have been proved existence between high-altitude yak (<em>Bos grunniens</em>) and low-altitude cattle (<em>Bos taurus</em>), however, the discrepancies of ovarian follicles across them are still elusive. In the present study, RNA-seq results exhibited an obvious separation of yak and cattle granulosa cells (GCs), and 2329 differently expressed genes (DEGs) was obtained, with 1297 upregulated and 1032 downregulated DEGs in yaks. Advanced analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly enriched in cellular structure, DNA packaging and remodeling (GO and GSEA), hypoxia adaptability, energy metabolism (KEGG and GSEA), and epigenetic modification of histones (Reactome and GSEA). Metabolite profiles of yak and cattle follicular fluid (FF) were depicted by LC-MS/MS non-target metabolomics, and 350 different metabolites (DMs) were acquired, with 242 upregulated and 108 downregulated DMs in yaks. The KEGG pathway enrichment results demonstrated that DMs were primarily enriched in metabolism including lipid, carbohydrate and nucleic acid metabolism. Finally, twenty-nine pathways were significant enriched via integrative analysis, most of which were associated with metabolism including carbohydrate metabolism (e.g. Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis) and lipid metabolism (e.g. Sphingolipid metabolism). Of note, the key hypoxia adaptation pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, was predominant enriched. Overall, we ascertained that the heterogeneity in ovarian follicles of yaks and cattle was existence, which were mainly reflected on hypoxia adaptation and energy metabolism. These results implied that the above processes were evolved specifically for the normal development of yak follicles under plateau atmosphere.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"289 ","pages":"Article 105557"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142148696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beef cattle mating recommendation based on bioeconomic models","authors":"A.P. Gomes ,&nbsp;S.S. Camargo ,&nbsp;M.J.-I. Yokoo","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recognizing the pivotal role of mating in animal breeding, this study strives to establish a robust strategy for recommending optimal matings among bovines. This strategy is built to maximize a single value derived from the economic selection index of full-cycle system in Brangus cattle. The study endeavors to apply computational methodologies to explore economically significant traits comprehensively, thereby leading to amplified financial gains for Brangus cattle breeders. Anchored within this overarching objective, a strategic deployment of a genetic algorithm is employed to formulate mating recommendations that precisely align with the priority traits designated by the genetic evaluation program of the Brazilian Brangus Association (BBA). The data set of the BBA for the simulations in this study encompass a range of selection criteria, including: i) birth weight; ii) mature cow weight; iii) ribeye area; iv) subcutaneous fat thickness; v) subcutaneous fat thickness at the rump; vi) escape speed; vii) nematode egg count per gram of feces; and viii) tick count. The research findings underscore that the recommendations provided by the computational strategy converge to increase the bioeconomic index while controlling the trade-off between this index and progeny inbreeding.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"289 ","pages":"Article 105551"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of feed efficiency on young beef animals on adult resilience: From field challenge experiments to modelling approaches","authors":"P. Martin ,&nbsp;N.C. Friggens ,&nbsp;A. Vinet ,&nbsp;D. Dozias ,&nbsp;D. Maupetit ,&nbsp;G. Renand ,&nbsp;D. Villalba","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The relationship between feed efficiency at young ages and resilience as cows has been examined using an experiment that combines residual feed intake (RFI) evaluation of beef heifers and subsequent dietary challenge as cows. Feed efficiency of 569 heifers of 22 months of age was estimated during a 70-day period. Then a dietary challenge was applied on 303 of these animals after their first calving, half of them being fed 30 % below their expected needs from 10 days after calving up to the start of the grazing period (around mid-April), after which all the animals received the same management. When possible, the animals were kept until third lactation, giving a total of 514 lactations. Dam weight, dam BCS and calf weight were measured regularly, dam milk production was estimated three times during the lactation and resumption of cyclicity was recorded as well. The experimental data were analyzed using linear models including the effects of heifer efficiency (RFI &lt;-0.4 = efficient; RFI &gt;0.4 = inefficient) and interaction of heifer efficiency and diet group. The data were also used to calibrate a herd dynamics model representing management-nutrition and reproduction interactions at animal level. The experiment data showed that the efficient heifers were 18 kg heavier as cows when fed ad libitum (<em>P</em> = 0.04) but no difference was observed when restricted. Within both diets, heifers classified as efficient produced between 6 and 12 % less milk as cows than inefficient heifers depending on the lactation stage (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), with a subsequent effect on calf weight. Finally, the resumption of cyclicity was one week shorter for the efficient animals when fed <em>ad libitum</em> but the opposite was observed within the restricted group, representing a complete ovarian cycle difference between diet groups within the efficient class (<em>P</em> = 0.001). In the lifetime modelling approach, two clusters of animals with different characteristics, including RFI, were simulated under both a non-restricted and restricted feeding environment. In this simulation, efficient heifers produced lighter cows with lower intake and higher body reserves from second calving until culling. Non-efficient heifers had better productive (kg of weaned calf) performance as cows independently of environment. The simulated reproductive performance of cows was equal for animals coming from efficient and non-efficient heifers under the non-restricted environment whereas efficient heifers perform better in the restricted environment, especially when parity increases. Both approaches showed that the interplay between efficiency at young ages and short- and long-term resilience depends on the environment. It can be concluded that the selection for efficiency at young ages has a negative impact on lactational performance as cows but not necessarily on reproductive resilience.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"289 ","pages":"Article 105558"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871141324001641/pdfft?md5=edda42411564c037def69e19b3790864&pid=1-s2.0-S1871141324001641-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142097462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meeting ethological needs – Effects of straw and roughage on attractiveness of outdoor run and behaviour of organic fattening pigs","authors":"Guilherme Amorim Franchi,&nbsp;Tine Rousing,&nbsp;Lene Juul Pedersen","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Organic pigs must have permanent access to an open-air space, which typically consists of a barren concrete outdoor run. One way to improve the attractiveness of the outdoor run for pigs and facilitate the establishment of functional zones is through allocation of rooting or roughage materials in this pen area. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of straw (rooting material) and maize silage (roughage) provided under a roof in a concrete-floored outdoor run on the behaviour of organic fattening pigs raised in large groups. In one typical Danish commercial farm, we compared three adjacent, similarly sized pens. Each pen contained an indoor area and an outdoor run. Each outdoor run was divided by a 1 m-high concrete wall into an unroofed area and an area covered by a roof, where substrate could be allocated. One pen received no material under the roof (control), the second pen received straw, and the third pen received maize silage. The study took place from June 2021 to July 2022 and involved 8 batches of pigs. The population size per pen at arrival was (average ± standard deviation) 384 ± 22 pigs, weighing 37 ± 4.8 kg. Pigs were sent to slaughter when their liveweight was approximately 115 kg, approximately 3 months after insertion. Based on footage, the number of pigs present in each area of the outdoor run, and of these the number of pigs in each body posture (lying; sitting; upright) and the number of pigs displaying activity behaviours when standing (exploring the ground; other behaviours than ground exploration) were instantaneously sampled at 10 min intervals from 09:00 h to 16:00 h on days 1, 7, 21, 35, 49, and 63 relative to the batch insertion. More pigs were seen in the roofed area of the outdoor run when either straw or roughage were allocated. Additionally, provision of straw induced more resting in the roofed area whereas allocation of roughage stimulated more ground exploration in the roofed area compared to control pens. Secondarily, pig's activity and outdoor run use were influenced by temporal effects (i.e., experimental day) and weather variations. Thirdly, a pilot study suggested that pigs compete for access to an enriched roofed area. Our study demonstrated the possibility of meeting the behavioural needs - and improving the welfare – of organics pigs housed indoors with access to outdoor run by providing roughage or bedding materials in a roofed area of the outdoor run.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 105554"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871141324001604/pdfft?md5=e7c19e1fecaf53f52deff68d2eefc513&pid=1-s2.0-S1871141324001604-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142044493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profitability, greenhouse gas emissions and feed-food competition of strategies to exploit compensatory growth in Uruguayan weanling-to-beef systems","authors":"J.M. Clariget ,&nbsp;A.K. Kelly ,&nbsp;G. Banchero ,&nbsp;K. Keogh ,&nbsp;D.A. Kenny ,&nbsp;P. Crosson","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluates nutritional and management strategies aimed at exploiting compensatory growth (CG) in weanling-to-beef systems in Uruguay. The evaluation encompassed productivity, economic viability, and environmental impact. The Grange Beef System Model, augmented with Uruguayan national technical coefficients, was used. Four weanling-to-beef systems were modeled: 1) forage only with no CG (FNC), 2) forage only with management improvements to exploit CG (forage with CG; FWC), 3) forage with concentrate supplementation during two winter feeding periods (forage with supplementation; FWS), and 4) forage with supplementation during the first winter followed by feedlot finishing (forage with feedlot; FWF). The systems purchased spring-born Angus calves at 8 months of age and 180 kg live weight (LW) and finished with a slaughter weight of 550 kg. FWS system was used as reference with the performance parameters obtained during 5 years of systems experimentation. FNC used the performance parameters of FWS but during winter periods, LW gain was lower due to the absence of concentrate supplementation. FWC used the previous FNC performance parameters, but increased LW gain after the first and second winter restriction period due to improved grazing management practices thereby exploiting CG. FWF is based on the FWS system but instead of moderate supplementation during the second winter (concentrate: 3.0 kg/d/head), steers are feedlot finished (concentrate: 9.5 kg/d/head) exploiting CG due to previous summer-autumn restriction period. FNC and FWC increased age at slaughter, reducing net beef production by 21 and 11 % relative to FWS, respectively. In contrast, FWF reduced age at slaughter, increasing beef production by 93 % compared to FWS. FWS and FNC had similar profitability expressed in net margin; however, FWC and FWF increased net margin by 33 and 107 % compared to the FWS, respectively. FNC and FWC increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions intensity per beef produced by 17 and 3 % relative to FWS, respectively; meanwhile, FWF reduced GHG intensity by 10 % relative to FWS. Due to the inclusion of concentrates in the diet for FWS and FWF systems, the only net producers of human edible energy and protein were the forage-only systems (FNC and FWC). In summary, strategically harnessing CG in both pasture and feedlot finishing stages within a weanling-to-beef system in Uruguay successfully increased profitability. Feedlot finishing reduced GHG emissions per beef produced. However, the forage-only farm systems emerged as the only net producers of human-edible energy and protein.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 105553"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871141324001598/pdfft?md5=6dd28a03b027172d5d225ff50bee7038&pid=1-s2.0-S1871141324001598-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142088096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amino acid supplementation and substitution of soybean meal in crude protein- and phosphorus-reduced diets for grower-finisher pigs: Effects on performance and modelled environmental impact","authors":"Reinhard Puntigam ,&nbsp;Mario Müller ,&nbsp;Manfred Weber ,&nbsp;Stefan Josef Hörtenhuber","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pigs’ N and P excretions are partially lost as NH₃ or phosphate, resulting in potential environmental pollution and health risk for humans and animals. A study was conducted to investigate if supplementation of microbial phytase and free amino acids (AA) allows to decrease monocalcium phosphate (MCP) and solvent extracted soybean meal (SBM) in N- and P-reduced diets, and if these feeding strategies decrease environmental impacts while maintaining growth performance and meat quality traits. The impacts on greenhouse gas emissions (global warming, GW) and on acidifying emissions were modelled. Therefore, a total of 192 mixed-sexed pigs (body weight, BW: 32.6 ± 0.3 kg) were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments (4 pens per treatment and 12 pigs per pen, 48 pigs per treatment). Three-phase feed, supplemented with individual AA to maintain appropriate digestible AA to Lys ratios, were fed. The control treatment (CON) was formulated to contain 185 to 150 g kg^-1 CP (as-fed). In the ‘low reduction’ treatment (LRT) and the ‘high reduction’ treatment (HRT), SBM and thus CP contents were reduced (LRT: 185 to 123 g kg^-1; HRT: 161 to 123 g kg^-1; as-fed). In the ‘alternative protein’ treatment (APT), SBM was completely replaced with rapeseed meal and faba beans to achieve CP contents of 169 to 123 g kg^-1_, close to HRT. Monocalcium phosphate was not supplemented in all treatments after the starter period (60 kg BW). Average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed-ratio (G:F) did not differ between CON and other treatments during the overall grower-finisher period. Pigs of HRT and APT showed less lean compared to pigs of CON, being correspondent with the reduced loin muscle of those animals (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The meat quality traits did not differ between treatments although SBM per pig was markedly reduced or totally replaced (16, 13, 6.5, and 0 kg SBM per pig in CON, LRT, HRT, and APT, respectively). Nitrogen excretion was reduced (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) by 13, 20, and 12% in LRT, HRT, and APT, respectively, compared to pigs fed the CON diet. Phosphorus excretion was reduced by 23, 25, and 5% in LRT, HRT, and APT, respectively, compared to CON. Consequently, the lower N intake reduced acidification and GW impacts by up to 14% and 7%, respectively. Results indicate that CP- and P-reduced diets for grower-finisher pigs are effective in lowering N and P releases into the environment, while growth performance and meat quality traits are maintained.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 105556"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871141324001628/pdfft?md5=2ef575e6c274d927bb88d58ab7dc0f57&pid=1-s2.0-S1871141324001628-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142097070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to natural stray currents of low voltage affects the behaviour and some stress biomarkers of weaned piglets","authors":"Théo Nicolazo ,&nbsp;Elodie Merlot ,&nbsp;Charlotte Teixeira Costa ,&nbsp;Caroline Clouard ,&nbsp;Arnaud Lebret ,&nbsp;Céline Chevance ,&nbsp;Valérie Normand ,&nbsp;Justine Jeusselin ,&nbsp;Gwenaël Boulbria","doi":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the modernisation of pig breeding facilities, pigs may be exposed to both on-farm and off-farm sources of stray voltages. Data from ruminant species suggest that exposition to stray voltages may be a source of stress and impair animal welfare, but data are scarce for pigs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of stray currents of voltages under 0.5 Volts in pig housing on piglet behaviours and some biomarkers after weaning. Two replicates of 820 piglets were reared in a farm naturally exposed to stray voltage for seven weeks. The difference in electrical potential between the floor and each drinker and feeder was measured every two weeks. Piglets exposed to high-voltage drinkers (HVD &gt; 125 mV) spent more time orally manipulating pen mates (<em>P</em> = 0.0031). They also spent more time lying inactive with open eyes (<em>P =</em> 0.0027) and less time nosing pen mates (<em>P =</em> 0.043), but these effects were influenced by the voltage in feeders (<em>P =</em> 0.0021 and <em>P =</em> 0.024, respectively). Piglets exposed to high-voltage feeders (HVF &gt; 50 mV) spent less time lying with their eyes closed (<em>P</em> = 0.024) and more time aggressing pen mates (<em>P</em> = 0.0081). Fifty days after entering the farm, blood hydroperoxide concentration was higher in piglets exposed to HVD (<em>P</em> = 0.039). The increase in socio-negative behaviours and oxidative stress in pigs exposed to stray voltages in pig housing suggested that stray voltages might have moderate detrimental consequences for piglets in post-weaning facilities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18152,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Science","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 105555"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871141324001616/pdfft?md5=1b29e743ee56e4e45523edb08e368d03&pid=1-s2.0-S1871141324001616-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142020704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}