M. A. Levitan, L. G. Domaratskaya, A. V. Koltsova, K. V. Syromyatnikov
{"title":"Geochemical Peculiarities of the Pacific Pleistocene Sediments","authors":"M. A. Levitan, L. G. Domaratskaya, A. V. Koltsova, K. V. Syromyatnikov","doi":"10.1134/S0024490225700075","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490225700075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this geochemical review, tables of average arithmetic chemical composition, mean weighted chemical composition, accumulation rates, and mass accumulation rates of chemical components are presented. They are based on the records from cruises of the International Deep Sea Drilling Project and other literature data concerning the main lithologic types of the Pacific Pleistocene sediments. These tables can be used for the comparative analysis with sediments of the same or other stratons in different oceanic basins, as well as paleoceanic sediments on the continents. The terrigenous matrix dominates in the lithogenic matter. We revealed a close resemblance between the chemical composition of volcanic sediments and hemipelagic clays. Peculiarities of hydrothermal sediments are described. Using the methods of mathematical statistics, we deciphered the main geochemical associations and principal factors determining the chemical composition of studied sediments. Masses of major oxides and several trace elements have been calculated for Pleistocene sediments. A concept about the average chemical composition of the Pacific Pleistocene is proposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"60 3","pages":"241 - 266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chemical Composition of Vendian Mudrocks (Middle Urals) and Some Quantitative Features of Paleoclimate","authors":"O. Yu. Melnichuk, A. V. Maslov","doi":"10.1134/S0024490225700063","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490225700063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lithogeochemical features of the Vendian nonglacial mudrocks (Serebryanka and Sylvitsa groups) in the Middle Urals indicate that average annual temperatures in paleocatchment areas during their accumulation varied from 4 to 21°C. Such temperatures comply mainly to the temperate and temperate-warm, but less often warm climates. The calculated RW index values also suggest that paleoclimate in the Vendian catchment areas was generally temperate. At the same time, some mudrock samples of the Garevka, Kernos, and Perevalok formations, as well as the Kobylii Ostrov Member of the Chernyi Kamen Formation, have RW index values comparable to those of modern continental or subarctic climate. Variations in RW index values and reconstructed MAP values demonstrate similar cooling/warming trends for mud rocks of Vendian nonglacial intervals in the Middle Urals.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"60 3","pages":"267 - 287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. R. Minina, V. S. Lantseva, I. D. Sobolev, I. V. Vikentyev, T. A. Goneger
{"title":"The Ozerninsky Sequence of the Uda–Vitim Zone (Western Transbaikal Region, Russia): Composition, Age, and Formation Environment","authors":"O. R. Minina, V. S. Lantseva, I. D. Sobolev, I. V. Vikentyev, T. A. Goneger","doi":"10.1134/S0024490225700051","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490225700051","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper reports the lithological and biostratigraphic study of the Ozerninsky Sequence, the accumulation of which is associated with the onset of the early Hercynian stage in the evolution of the Uda–Vitim structural–formational zone of the Baikal–Vitim fold system and the formation of gold–pyrite–polymetallic deposits of the Ozerninsky ore cluster. The sequence is isolated from the Lower Cambrian Oldynda Formation. It is composed predominantly of graywacke arkose and quartz graywacke and includes two subsequences. The lower subsequence is represented by the quartz–feldspar sandstone and siltstone with interlayers and lenses of polymictic conglomerate and gritstone, while the upper subsequence is composed of intercalated polymictic sandstone and siltstone, calcareous siltstone, and limestone with interlayers of clayey, clayey–siliceous, carbonaceous–clayey siltstone, and mudstone. The paleontological characteristics of the Ozerninsky Sequence determines its stratigraphic affiliation to the Lower (Emsian Stage)–Upper (Lower Frasnian Substage) Devonian. The composition, structure, and paleo-biota indicate that the sediments formed in the open shelf sea environment with a significant input of terrigenous component. The lower subsequence was accumulated in a shelf shoaling conditions at active hydrodynamic mode, while the upper subsequence was accumulated in the most submerged parts of the shelf, in areas with stagnant hydrogeological regime.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"60 3","pages":"288 - 305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Age of Detrital Zircon and Composition of Cambrian−Ordovician Terrigenous−Carbonate Deposits in Middle Reaches of Vilyuy River, Southern Siberian Platform","authors":"A. V. Zaitsev, K. A. Dokukina, I. A. Baksheev","doi":"10.1134/S002449022570004X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S002449022570004X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The data obtained from lithological and mineralogical study of the Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician terrigenous−carbonate deposits in the middle reaches of the Vilyuy River, southern Siberian Platform are discussed. The study of detrital zircon, garnet, and tourmaline in the sample from the Upper Cambrian Kholomolokh Formation and two samples from the Upper Cambrian to Lower Ordovician Balyktakh Formation revealed that the main sources for the studied minerals are acidic and intermediate igneous and metamorphic rocks, amphibolite-facies metasediments, and amphibolite to granulite-facies metamorphosed mafic−ultramafic complexes of the Precambrian Siberian Craton basement. The U−Th−Pb zircon dating from the Kholomolokh and Balyktakh Formations in the middle reaches of the Vilyuy River revealed a significant difference in the provenance areas of terrigenous material in the Late Cambrian and Ordovician. In the sample from the Upper Cambrian Kholomolokh Formation, zircon represented by a younger population is characterized by predominance of Neoproterozoic ages (peak values are 550 and 845 Ma). This indicates that rocks of the Neoproterozoic terranes of the southern margin of the Siberian Craton were the main provenance area in the Precambrian. Paleoproterozoic zircon (1880‒1890 Ma) is main population in the Early Ordovician rocks of the Balyltakh Formation (~70%). In the Early Ordovician, the most probable source of matter for the Vilyuy syneclise was an uplift of the Archean−Paleoproterozoic basement located in the central part of the Siberian Platform. Nearly complete absence of younger zircon (~500−900 Ma) in the Balyktakh Formation deposits indicates a weak effect of provenance located at the southeastern margin of the Siberian Platform in the Ordovician time.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"60 3","pages":"306 - 332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmed Abderrahmane Semchaoui, Tarek Zerrouki, Abdelhafid Afalfiz
{"title":"Silurian Pyrophyllite Clay from Ougarta (Saoura—SW Algeria): Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Conditions of Formation","authors":"Ahmed Abderrahmane Semchaoui, Tarek Zerrouki, Abdelhafid Afalfiz","doi":"10.1134/S0024490224700858","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490224700858","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The formation of pyrophyllite is attributed to various geological phenomena. This mineral is found in various regions around the world and used in many industries. In the Ougarta. region (south western Algeria), pyrophyllite clays of Silurian age are widely exposed. This study to examine the petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical characteristics of these clays to better understand their formation conditions. Petrographic analysis identified three distinct facies: gray to reddish clays, black clays and white level containing alunite. These results indicate that the clay is mainly composed of pyrophyllite, kaolinite, and illite, orthoclase, quartz, and iron oxides. The presence of alunite, suggests a hydrothermal origin. Rare earth elements (REE) concentrations are relatively low, ranging from 306.95 to 445.05 ppm. Light rare earth element (LREE) to heavy rare earth element (HREE) ratios indicate enrichment in LREE, with values ranging from 2.81 to 6.47. Most clay samples present low levels of total organic carbon (TOC) and thermally mature, indicating organic matter depletion and reflecting oxic rather than anoxic conditions. On the other hand, the black facies are considered to be thermally immature source rocks, with very high TOC (16%). Based on geochemical data, the formation conditions of these clays are defined as continental deposits in a semi-arid climate. These conditions were initially influenced by diagenesis and later by hydrothermal activity, with the sediments source rock being felsic to intermediate in composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"60 2","pages":"212 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Landslide Sediment Structures in Lower Carboniferous Terrigenous–Carbonate Rocks of the Kochkar Anticlinorium (Southern Urals)","authors":"M. E. Pritchin, A. Y. Kisin, D. A. Ozornin","doi":"10.1134/S002449022470086X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S002449022470086X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The metamorphic framing of granite-gneiss domes in the Кochkar anticlinorium (Southern Urals) includes the Lower Carboniferous terrigenous-carbonate sequence that underwent zonal metamorphism of the epidote–amphibolite to greenschist facies. Numerous soft-sediment deformation structures were found in marbles of this sequence uncovered by the quarry at the Svetlinsk gold deposit and in the bedrock of the Eleninsk placer. The main structure types are represented by landslides associated with the laminar sediment flows and less often by seismites of various morphologies. The formation mechanism of these structures is associated with the underwater gravitational landslide of nonlithified sediments due to change in the seabed slope and the impact of earthquakes. The seismic activity was triggered by both the anticlinorium-bounding regional faults and, probably, the formation of granite-gneiss domes. The discovery of landslides and seismites in the terrigenous–carbonate sequences of the anticlinorium provides insight into its paleotectonic formation environment during the Late Paleozoic Ural collision. The structural position of carbonate rocks indicates the formation of granite-gneiss domes under shallow-water conditions in the anticlinorium.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"60 2","pages":"202 - 211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. S. Kotik, T. V. Maydl, M. S. Nechaev, O. S. Kotik, N. V. Pronina, L. V. Sokolova
{"title":"Depositional Environments and Petroleum Generation Potential of Lower Devonian Rocks in the Chernyshev Ridge, Timan–Pechora Petroleum Province","authors":"I. S. Kotik, T. V. Maydl, M. S. Nechaev, O. S. Kotik, N. V. Pronina, L. V. Sokolova","doi":"10.1134/S0024490224700883","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490224700883","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Results of the study of Lower Devonian rocks in the Chernyshev Ridge to determine their hydrocarbon (HC) generation potential are presented. Assessment of the organic matter (OM) content in Lower Devonian rocks showed that most of the studied section is characterized by low C<sub>org</sub> concentrations (<0.3%). Elevated OM contents were determined only in Unit III rocks of the Ovinparma regional stage, which are considered as potential petroleum source rocks: C<sub>org</sub> 0.13–0.35 and 0.54–1.44%, respectively, in the carbonate and clayey–carbonate rocks. Based on the Rock-Eval pyrolysis data, S<sub>1</sub> + S<sub>2</sub> (0.04–6.20 mg HC/g rock) and hydrogen index (HI) value (19–430 mg HC/g C<sub>org</sub>), they are characterized as poor and moderate petroleum source rocks. These source rocks were deposited under open-marine outer ramp conditions during the marine transgression. The OM maturity of the petroleum source rocks, determined based on the bituminite reflectance value, RV<sub>eq</sub> (0.75–0.81%), maximum HC yield temperature, <i>T</i><sub>max</sub> (437–449°C), and conodont color alteration index, CAI (1.5), corresponds to the middle of the main oil generation zone (catagenesis grade MC<sub>2</sub>). Thus, the presence of rocks with the HC generation capacity and sufficient OM maturity for oil generation indicates that unit III source rocks of the Ovinparma regional stage represent an effective element of the Lower Devonian petroleum system.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"60 2","pages":"171 - 187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lithochemical Cyclicity of the Solikamsk Formation in the Southwestern Part of the Solikamsk Depression (Lower Permian, Perm Region)","authors":"T. A. Utkina, I. I. Chaikovskiy","doi":"10.1134/S0024490224700871","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490224700871","url":null,"abstract":"<p>New data on the lithochemistry of clayey–carbonate rocks of the Solikamsk Formation (Ufimian stage of the Lower Permian) in the southwestern part of the Solikamsk depression of the Ural foredeep are reported. The cyclicity of sedimentation was determined by the subsequent introduction of aluminosiliciclastic materials into the evaporite and marine basins from adjacent land. Based on variations of the terrigenous material, the Solikamsk Formation consists of nine cyclites, in which the content of clay minerals in the rock subsequently gradually increases and then relatively decreases. Some sulfate layers are not related to the distinguished cyclicity, but were formed through the diagenetic growth of anhydrite nodules on the groundwater level during periodical drying off the basin. Analysis of the chemical composition of the terrigenous component of the Solikamsk rocks made it possible to show that the basin at the beginning of Solikamsk time gained the destruction products of mafic rocks (data points are confined to the field “chlorite, smectite, and illite” in the IM–NAM diagram), while the end of this time was characterized by the influx of intermediate and acid material (decrease of HM and AM upsection, shift of data points of marls to the field of essentially illite clays with significant amount of K-feldspars in the IM and NAM diagrams). The different lithochemical maturity of delivered terrigenous material follows from the variations of CIA, CIW, and ICV indices.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"60 2","pages":"188 - 201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Authigenic Kaolinite in the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous Bazhenov Formation of Western Siberia","authors":"V. G. Eder, A. D. Skomorokhova, A. G. Zamirailova","doi":"10.1134/S0024490224700895","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490224700895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The distribution pattern and morphology of microaggregates of the authigenic catagenetic kaolinite filling the pore space in rocks of the Bazhenov Formation are studied. The distribution of its various microstructural types is analyzed: (1) in sections with different degrees of catagenetic transformation of OM; (2) in sections of different facies areas; and (3) within and outside the oil-saturated intervals for two sections (western Kvenzer and Salym areas). For the first time, three types of kaolinite with different microtextures were discovered and described in the Bazhenov Formation: colloform/transitional (K1), vermicular (K2), and “house of cards” (K3). It is assumed that type 1 kaolinite (K1) was formed during the early catagenesis (<i>T</i> > 60°C) in solitary pores under conditions of weak permeability of host rocks. Type 2 kaolinite (K2) could be formed at: (a) the later stages of early catagenesis in rocks that underwent notable transformations of OM, but lacked significant petroleum generation; (b) during moderate catagenesis in layers at contact with the petroleum-productive interval during active generation of petroleum hydrocarbons (<i>T</i> > 70‒100°C). Type 3 kaolinite (K3) was formed during a notable thermal transformation of OM (<i>T</i> >100‒140°C) in rocks of the Bazhenov Formation in the southeastern region of the West Siberian sedimentary basin (western Kvenzer area). It was deposited to a lesser extent in the pore space of rocks in the petroleum-productive interval of the Bazhenov Formation in the Central region (Salym area) marked by the catagenetic (partial) dolomitization of rocks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"60 2","pages":"152 - 170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. A. Sakharov, V. B. Kurnosov, D. M. Korshunov, I. A. Morozov
{"title":"Mixed-Layer Chlorite-Corrensite Minerals in the Hydrothermally Altered Upper Pleistocene Sediments, ODP Hole 1036A, Juan de Fuca Ridge, Pacific Ocean","authors":"B. A. Sakharov, V. B. Kurnosov, D. M. Korshunov, I. A. Morozov","doi":"10.1134/S0024490224700901","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490224700901","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The article provides detailed structural and crystal-chemical characteristics of mixed-layer chlorite-corrensite minerals in <1-μm fractions extracted from Upper Pleistocene sediment samples from ODP Hole 1036A, which was drilled at the Dead Dog hydrothermal field in the northern Middle Valley, Juan de Fuca Ridge, in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. Using the XRD pattern modeling method, it was shown for the first time that the studied mixed-layer minerals should be considered as chlorite-corrensites rather than chlorite-smectites. In the structure of the studied mixed-layer minerals, trioctahedral chlorite and corrensite layers occur in a ratio of 50 : 50–60 : 40, and ~90 : 10, alternating with a tendency to segregation at a short-range order factor <i>R</i> = 1. Averaged crystal-chemical formulas were obtained for the mixed-layer chlorite-corrensites and their individual chlorite and corrensite layers. It is assumed that the model with an asymmetric distribution of charges in tetrahedral sheets of 2 : 1 layers is realized in corrensite packages of natural chlorite-corrensite. All samples belong to Mg–Fe varieties of chlorite-corrensites. The most probable mechanism for the formation of chlorite-corrensites of different compositions is the dissolution of original terrigenous clay minerals during the interaction of hydrothermal fluid with terrigenous sediments and the synthesis of these mixed-layer minerals from solution.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"60 2","pages":"133 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}