A. V. Lalomov, R. Seltmann, A. Dolgopolova, E. N. Levchenko, A. B. Makeyev, A. A. Bochneva
{"title":"Rare Metal—Titanium Placer Deposits in the East European and West Siberian Megaprovinces of Russia: Genesis, Geological Characteristics, Mineralogy, and Significance in the Titanium and Zirconium Mineral Resource Base","authors":"A. V. Lalomov, R. Seltmann, A. Dolgopolova, E. N. Levchenko, A. B. Makeyev, A. A. Bochneva","doi":"10.1134/S0024490226600298","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490226600298","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Titanium and zirconium are critical metals in many products important to the world economy and technologies. Countries in the former Soviet Union (FSU), such as Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan, have significant reserves of these metals sufficient for the development of own mineral resource base. While the world’s main resources of titanium and zirconium feedstock are concentrated mainly in the beach/marine and eolian dune deposits on the present-day coasts, resources in FSU countries are associated with ancient (Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic) coastal-marine and alluvial placer deposits. Genesis of some placers is discussed. There are two main metallogenic structures in the studied area: East European Megaprovince located within the East European platform (Russia and Ukraine) and West Siberian Megaprovince, which includes the West Siberian Platform (Russia) and North Kazakhstan.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"61 5","pages":"431 - 452"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148871520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. V. Maslov, V. B. Ershova, S. A. Dub, L. V. Badida, M. T. Krupenin, O. Yu. Melnichuk
{"title":"U–Th–Pb (LA-ICP-MS) Isotopic Age of Detrital Zircon from Sandstones of the Burzyan Group (Yamantau Anticlinorium, Southern Urals)","authors":"A. V. Maslov, V. B. Ershova, S. A. Dub, L. V. Badida, M. T. Krupenin, O. Yu. Melnichuk","doi":"10.1134/S0024490226600250","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490226600250","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The U–Th–Pb isotope age of detrital zircon populations from sandstones of the Bol’shoi Inzer and Yusha formations of the Burzyan Group (Lower Riphean) of the Yamantau Anticlinorium in the Southern Urals was analyzed. The presence of grains supplied to the sedimentation area from proximal and distal sources was demonstrated. The former likely included the Taratash Complex/Orogen and the Bak 1 complex of the Bakaly granitoid block of the Volga–Ural region, or rock associations similar in age and composition from other regions. The latter include the Volga–Don, Svecofennian, East Sarmatian, and other Early Proterozoic orogens of the East European Craton (Baltica). Considering the intracratonic nature of the Early Riphean sedimentation basin, it has been suggested that some of the detrital material could be delivered from non-Baltica/Siberian sources. Maximum sedimentation age of the Bol’shoi Inzer and Yusha formations has been established. The age of the Bol’shoi Inzer Formation is estimated at 1805 ± 30 Ma (according to the YSG algorithm) and 1870 Ma (according to the YPP algorithm). The Yusha Formation is characterized by the maximum sedimentation age of 1798 ± 10 and 1890 Ma, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"61 5","pages":"515 - 541"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148871816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kaolinite‒Smectite from Deposits on Holocene Terraces of the Black Sea Coast of the Caucasus (Northwest of the Colchis Lowland)","authors":"B. A. Sakharov, T. A. Sadchikova, G. V. Trebeleva","doi":"10.1134/S0024490226600274","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490226600274","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Holocene terrace systems and isolated terraces have been identified on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, including the northwestern part of the Colchis Lowland. Their composition was studied using a combination of lithological and physicochemical methods. It has been shown that the fine fraction (<0.001 mm) of sediments consists predominantly of newly formed mixed-layer kaolinite‒smectite with a terrigenous admixtures of smectite, kaolinite, micaceous mineral, and occasionally chlorite. Using diffraction pattern modeling for air-dry and ethylene glycol-saturated natural samples, the structural parameters of clay minerals and their quantitative content were determined. No correlation was found between these parameters and the facies settings in which the terrace deposits formed. No correlation was also found between the structural parameters of kaolinite‒smectite and the depth of sediment occurrence or their location within the study area. All samples contain kaolinite‒smectite with a fairly narrow range of the ratio of kaolinite and smectite layers, W<sub>k</sub> : W<sub>sm</sub>, on average from 0.55 : 0.45 to 0.65 : 0.35. It is shown that the average crystallochemical formula calculated for kaolinite‒smectite with W<sub>k</sub> : W<sub>sm</sub> = 0.65 : 0.35 exactly corresponds to the dioctahedral structure of the mineral. The decomposition of this formula into smectite and kaolinite components indicates that the 1 : 1 layers in the studied kaolinite‒smectites differ in their crystallochemical structure from true kaolinite ones. A solid-phase mechanism for the formation of kaolinite‒smectites in a smectite matrix is proposed via the removal of fragments of tetrahedral sheets from 2 : 1 layers and adjacent smectite interlayers. The structural evolution of mixed-layer kaolinite-smectites is discussed. The authigenic origin of mixed-layer kaolinite‒smectite minerals in the studied sediments is substantiated.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"61 5","pages":"475 - 496"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148871521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sulfides of the Copper‒Sulfur System as Indicators of the Conditions of Formation and Transformation of Cupriferous Sandstone and Shale Deposits","authors":"I. F. Gablina","doi":"10.1134/S0024490226600286","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490226600286","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper examines cupriferous sandstones and shales hosted in sediments of varying ages (from P<sub>2</sub> to PR<sub>2</sub>) and altered to different degrees (from early catagenesis to the epidote–amphibolite stage). The formation of these rocks is associated with the removal of Cu and other metals by formation waters from the red-colored ore-hosting rocks and their precipitation as sulfides on hydrosulfuric biogeochemical barriers. After their formation, cupriferous sandstones and shales can undergo metamorphic and supergene alterations, which are reflected in the crystallochemical properties of sulfide minerals, the composition of their paragenetic assemblages, the mineral zoning of mineralization, the morphology of ore bodies, and other features. This paper focuses on sulfides of the Cu—S system formed under various conditions. Their composition, structure, physicochemical and thermobaric stability, and occurrence in natural ores are discussed. The composition of copper sulfide ores in cupriferous sandstones, shales, and hypergenesis zones is elucidated. In particular, the paper explains why only nonstoichiometric Cu‒S sulfides (djurleite, geerite, spionkopite, yarrowite) are present in unaltered cupriferous sandstone ores and hypergenesis zones, whereas stoichiometric copper sulfides (chalcocite, digenite, and tetragonal phase) occur in metamorphosed ores. This fact is explained from a physical and chemical perspective. It has been established that each stage of rock formation and transformation is characterized by specific typomorphic minerals of the Cu‒S system and their parageneses that are stable under the conditions of a given stage. With increasing metamorphic grade, the mineral composition of ores and mineral zoning of the deposits change consistently toward simplification due to the gradual disappearance of low-temperature compounds and associations. Indicator minerals of the Cu‒S system, reflecting the thermobaric and chemical conditions of ore formation and transformation, have been identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"61 5","pages":"453 - 474"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148871817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Facies and Sequence Stratigraphy of the Zhuya Group in the Ura Uplift (Vendian, Southern Middle Siberia)","authors":"S. V. Rud’ko, B. G. Pokrovsky, O. M. Silaeva","doi":"10.1134/S0024490226600249","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490226600249","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The facies were studied and the sequence-stratigraphic model of the Zhuya Group in the Ura Uplift (Vendian reference section, southern area of Middle Siberia) was constructed. The whole Zhuya Group represents a single sequence bounded by unconformities. Sediments of the Kullekin member were accumulated in the high-energy coastal-marine environments during sea-level lowstand. The development of transgression initiated a carbonate ramp on the Siberian Craton. The rest of the Zhuya Group above the Kullekin member records the gradual progradation of the ramp and basin compensation of accommodation space during sea-level highstand. The trajectory of the negative C isotope excursion of the Zhuya Group, correlated with the Shuram–Wonoka excursion, follows the relative sea level changes, reaching its nadir close to the maximum of transgression. Elucidation of the reason for the coincidence of these trends requires additional regional and interregional studies. The occurrence of Neoproterozoic zircons in the Kullekin sandstones derived from a northern source reflects accretion of the Baikal–Muya terrane to the Siberian Platform and can be attributed to either pre-Zhuya inversion of the Patom basin (collision) or erosion of synsedimentary tuffs on the Siberian Platform (soft accretion).</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"61 5","pages":"542 - 556"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148871814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mineralogical and Geochemical Features, Source Areas, and Formation Settings of Middle Permian Terrigenous Rocks of the Barabash Formation in Southwestern Primorye (Russia)","authors":"A. I. Malinovsky","doi":"10.1134/S0024490226600262","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490226600262","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the southwestern part of Primorye, the widespread Permian volcanosedimentary frocks are a part of the Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic Laoeling–Grodekovo terrane, a fragment of the eastern end of the Central Asian Foldbelt. The Middle Permian Barabash Formation is exposed fragmentarily in the southern part of the terrane, and the material composition of its terrigenous rocks is almost unstudied. The aim of the study was to investigate specific features of the material composition of sandy rocks of the Barabash Formation and, based on its interpretation, to identify paleogeodynamic environments of the formation of rocks, as well as to determine the composition and age of the sources of clastic material. The obtained results show that the sandstones (graywackes and, in part, lithic arenites) are petrogenic or “first cycle” rocks that underwent one cycle of redeposition, and they were deposited due to the destruction of moderately weathered rocks in source areas. A comprehensive analysis and paleogeodynamic interpretation of the mineralogical and geochemical composition of sandy rocks indicate that the rocks were deposited in a basin associated with an active continental margin environment and, in all likelihood, complicated by strike-slip dislocations along transform faults. The main source of clastic material was continental land – cratons and uplifted basement blocks composed of granite-metamorphic complexes and, in part, sedimentary rocks enriched with ancient clastic components. Additional source was fragments of an ancient, deeply eroded island arc composed of basic and ultramafic rocks. U–Pb dating of detrital zircon grains from sandstones of the Barabash Formation made it possible to determine the age of igneous rocks, which that served as the main sources of clastic material, and to reconstruct their probable location.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"61 5","pages":"497 - 514"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148871815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Th/U and Ti/Al Ratios in Upper Ediacaran Phosphorite-Bearing Mudstones of the Lviv–Kishinev Depression and Moscow Syneclise in the East European Platform","authors":"S. B. Felitsyn","doi":"10.1134/S0024490226600171","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490226600171","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Phosphorite-bearing mudstone beds in the lowermost part of the Kotlin regional stage (East European Platform) display average Th/U and Ti/Al values of 7.2 and 0.06, respectively. Such values are significantly higher than in the lower and uppermost parts of the sequence and the NASC and PAAS values. The erosion of mature source rocks during the deposition of phosphorite-bearing beds could lead to Th/U and Ti/Al values observed in the fine-grained sediments, suggesting the continental source of phosphorus.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"61 4","pages":"358 - 364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148365829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. S. Novikova, N. B. Kuznetsov, A. A. Razumovskiy, I. V. Fedyukin, T. V. Romanyuk, I. V. Latysheva, K. I. Dantsova, A. V. Shatsillo, O. A. Maslova, A. S. Dubenskiy, K. G. Erofeeva, V. S. Sheshukov
{"title":"Specific Features of the Distribution Pattern of Detrital Zircon Age in the Epi-Hercynian Molasse of the Greater Caucasus (Lower Permian Aksaut Formation)","authors":"A. S. Novikova, N. B. Kuznetsov, A. A. Razumovskiy, I. V. Fedyukin, T. V. Romanyuk, I. V. Latysheva, K. I. Dantsova, A. V. Shatsillo, O. A. Maslova, A. S. Dubenskiy, K. G. Erofeeva, V. S. Sheshukov","doi":"10.1134/S0024490226600158","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490226600158","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Results of the U‒Pb isotope dating of detrital zircon grains from sandstones in the typical section of the Lower Permian Aksaut Formation on the northern slope of the Greater Caucasus are presented. This formation represents a structural element of the Hercynian molasse that completes the Hercynide section in the Greater Caucasus. Results of the U‒Pb dating of detrital zircons from the Aksaut Formation sandstones are compared with the previously published similar data on metasedimentary rocks of various ages within the Hercynides of the Greater Caucasus, as well as with the date intervals of crystalline complexes that comprise the Hercynian basement of the Greater Caucasus. Prominent age peaks at about 309 and 385 Ma on the probability density curve characterizing the distribution of detrital zircon dates from sandstones of the Aksaut Formation are related to the widespread development of granite magmatism and metamorphism in the central part of the Greater Caucasus with dates closely corresponding to the above age peaks. The presence of numerous zircon groups with ages of 450‒750 Ma in the Aksaut sandstones is associated with: (1) erosion products of magmatic manifestations in the Cadomide blocks (peri-Gondwanan terranes) participating in the structure of Hercynides in the Greater Caucasus, (2) recycling detrital zircons from igneous complexes of the peri-Gondwanan terranes and/or rocks of Upper Precambrian and Lower Paleozoic sequences composed of erosion products of the peri-Gondwanan terranes into the Late Paleozoic Aksaut Formation rocks.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"61 4","pages":"384 - 409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148366056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nghi Tran, Thu Trinh Hoai, Renat Shakirov, Natalia Sokolova, Huong Tran Thi Thuy, Nam Le Dinh, Toan Ngo Quang, Thanh Dinh Xuan, Nhuan Do Van, Thao Nguyen Thi Phuong, Anh Bui Thi Bao, Hang Pham Thi Thu, Tung Nguyen Xuan
{"title":"Causes, Mechanisms and Rates of Land Subsidence in the Red River Delta and Warnings of Excessive Groundwater Exploitation","authors":"Nghi Tran, Thu Trinh Hoai, Renat Shakirov, Natalia Sokolova, Huong Tran Thi Thuy, Nam Le Dinh, Toan Ngo Quang, Thanh Dinh Xuan, Nhuan Do Van, Thao Nguyen Thi Phuong, Anh Bui Thi Bao, Hang Pham Thi Thu, Tung Nguyen Xuan","doi":"10.1134/S0024490226600146","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490226600146","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Quaternary sediment subsidence in the Red River Delta has been quietly occurring for 1600 ka BP. This paper introduces the causes, mechanisms, and rates of tectonic subsidence and subsidence due to sediment compression in three boreholes selected for detailed study: BH4-HN, BH02-HP, and BH56-ND, representing three key areas of the Red River Delta. The activities of the northwest-southeast co-sedimentary fault systems and the northeast-southwest post-sedimentary fault systems have created a weak subsidence zone in Hanoi and two strong subsidence zones in Hai Phong and Nam Dinh. The results of sequence stratigraphy analysis show that these 3 boreholes all have 5 sequences: (1) <span>({text{Q}}_{1}^{1})</span>: Early Pleistocene; (2) <span>({text{Q}}_{1}^{{2{text{a}}}})</span>: Early middle Pleistocene; (3) <span>({text{Q}}_{1}^{{2{text{b}}}})</span>: Late middle Pleistocene; (4) <span>({text{Q}}_{1}^{{3{text{a}}}})</span>: Early late Pleistocene; (5) <span>({text{Q}}_{1}^{{3{text{b}}}})</span>-Q<sub>2</sub>: Late late Pleistocene-Holocene. These 5 sequences are related to 5 glacial/interglacial cycles. Each sequence has 3 sedimentary systems tracts: lowstand (LST), transgressive (TST), and highstand (HST) systems tracts. The sequences and system tract of the 3 boreholes were calculated for the total of tectonic subsidence rate and sediment compression rate as follows: BH4-HN has Vav of 0.281 mm/year, BH02-HP: 0.63 mm/year, and BH56-ND: 0.799 mm/year. This has shown that the two strong subsidence zones of Hai Phong and Nam Dinh cause the strong estuaryization process at the Bach Dang estuary and the strong erosion of the Hai Hau coast.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"61 4","pages":"410 - 430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148366055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Genesis of Sedimentary Fluorite in Light of Experimental Data","authors":"A. V. Savenko, V. S. Savenko","doi":"10.1134/S0024490226600183","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490226600183","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Correspondence of the main hypotheses of the sedimentary fluorite genesis with the available experimental data is discussed. Data on the saturation degree of seawater and large continental water basins by CaF<sub>2</sub> are summarized. It was established that the fluorite formation at the carbonate–gypsum stages of salinization in evaporite basins with purely marine nourishment is impossible, since this requires an additional supply of fluorine from external sources, exceeding the marine F contribution by at least 1.5–4 times. Authigenic fluorite can also form in arid continental water basins similar to the modern, greatly dried-up Aral Sea. It is shown that interaction of sedimentary carbonate minerals with the seawater leads to the dissolved F removal, which is more than an order of magnitude greater for dolomite than for calcite and aragonite. According to a new physicochemical mechanism proposed for the authigenic fluorite formation, recrystallization of the primary finely dispersed carbonate minerals with a defective crystalline structure (for example, protodolomite) promotes a partial self-purification of the solid phase from incoherent elements, accompanied by the accumulation of dissolved F in pore waters until the CaF<sub>2</sub> saturation is achieved and fluorite is deposited.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"61 4","pages":"345 - 357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148365880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}