Lithology and Mineral Resources最新文献

{"title":"Chemical Composition of Sediments and Its Changes at the Modern Hydrothermal System Center in the Middle Valley, Juan de Fuca Ridge, Hole 858B ODP","authors":"V. B. Kurnosov,&nbsp;Yu. I. Konovalov,&nbsp;K. R. Galin","doi":"10.1134/S0024490223010030","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490223010030","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The article presents the results of studying changes in the chemical composition of Pleistocene sediments from Hole 858B (depth 38.6 m, temperature gradient 10‒11°C/m) drilled in the Middle Valley, Juan de Fuca mid-ocean ridge (Northeast Pacific) in the Dead Dog hydrothermal field 20 m away from a “black smoker” (temperature 276°C). The content of macroelements in these sediments was studied by the XRD method. For the first time, data on a large set of trace elements were obtained from this object using the ICP-MS method. The chemical composition of sediments changed in the process of solution–sediment interaction during a rapid downsection increase of temperature. In the upper part of Sequence I (1.97‒10.41 m), the sediments are commonly altered slightly at a temperature of about 17°C. Changes in the content of macro- and trace elements are prominent in the lower part of Sequence I (12.70‒25.31 m, average temperature 112‒197°C). The chemical composition of sediments is most altered in Sequences IIB and IID (25.31‒38.6 m, temperature from 112‒197 to 320‒330°С). Changes in the content of the majority of macro- and trace elements in the sediments of Sequences IIB and IID are similar, except for a stronger decrease of chemical elements in the sediments of Sequence IID, which is marked by a significantly lower content of Cu, Zn, Ga, Rb, Sr, Ag, Cd, Sb, Cs, Ba, Tl, and Bi (i.e., the majority of detected elements except U) than in background sediments. Sediments in Sequence IID, as in Sequence IIB, contain less Ca, Na, K, and P, but more Mg. A lower content of the above-listed elements in these sediments can be attributed to their evacuation during the solution–sediment interaction and concentration in the solution, whereas a higher content of these elements is likely related to their input into sediments from the solution and, accordingly, their depletion in the solution. The results of studying the chemical composition of metalliferous sediments (Sequence III, 0‒1.97 m) and sulfide layer IV (10.41‒12.70 m), as well as the chemical composition of unaltered background sediments from Holes 855A, 855C, and 855D are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"58 1","pages":"42 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4709833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are There Restrictions Related to the Presence of Land Plants for Reconstructing Rivers of Different Categories?","authors":"A. V. Maslov,&nbsp;O. Yu. Melnichuk","doi":"10.1134/S0024490223010054","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490223010054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The article analyzes the distribution of datapoints of individual and averaged mudstones samples from almost 40 sedimentary successions of the Neoproterozoic–Ordovician (epoch lacking land plants) and the Devonian–Holocene (time of the appearance and abundance of land plants—“green epoch”) in the (La/Yb)_N–Eu/Eu*, (La/Yb)_N–(Eu/Sm)_N, and (La/Yb)_N–Th diagrams with classification fields of the silty–pelitic particulate matter in the estuary of different-category modern rivers. No fundamental differences between the “green epoch” and pre-Silurian rivers were revealed. In combination with other data, the above fact suggests the following conclusion: since the terrestrial vegetation is absent (and not only in the Neoproterozoic–Ordovician), the categories of rivers, which drained different (in area and composition) catchment areas and transported the fine-grained particulate material to the shelf zones were not fundamentally different from those at present.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"58 1","pages":"60 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4707467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"C and O Isotope Composition of the Neoproterozoic Pre-, Syn-, and Postglacial Carbonates: Evidence from the Longdor Uplift and Western Slope of the Aldan Shield, Southern Siberian Platform","authors":"A. V. Shatsillo,&nbsp;S. V. Rud’ko,&nbsp;I. V. Latysheva,&nbsp;B. G. Pokrovsky,&nbsp;D. V. Rud’ko,&nbsp;I. V. Fedyukin,&nbsp;A. B. Kuznetsov","doi":"10.1134/S0024490222700055","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490222700055","url":null,"abstract":"<p>New data on the C and O isotope composition in the Neoproterozoic carbonates of the Ballaganakh and Dal’nyaya Taiga regional stages (southeastern margin of the Patom paleobasin (hereafter, Basin) are presented. The negative δ¹³С anomaly, established in the upper part of the Ballaganakh regional stage, is comparable (in amplitude and stratigraphic position) to the Trezona anomaly, which preceded the Marinoan glaciation. The carbonate layers in glacial deposits of the Nichatka Formation of the Dal’nyaya Taiga regional stage have moderately positive δ¹³С values. The dolomite unit at the postglacial sequence base is characterized by moderately negative δ¹³С values that are typical for the cap carbonate sequence associated with the end-Marinoan glaciation. The lower part of the postglacial sequence (Barakun Formation) is characterized by a gradual increase of calcite in the carbonate component of rocks and a shift in the isotope composition corresponding to the difference in the fractionation coefficient of stable C and O isotopes for dolomite and calcite. This phenomenon, recorded in the postglacial sequences of Namibia and Canada as well, indicates that the carbonate mineral composition was governed by a global change in water chemistry rather than postsedimentary alteration. The overlying carbonate rocks of the Dal’nyaya Taiga regional stage in the epicontinental part of the Patom Basin (Sen Formation) are depleted in ¹³С compared to their shelf analogs in the Ura Uplift. Probably, the carbonates were accumulated asynchronously in the epicontinental and shelf facies of the Patom Basin. The reconstructed trend of variations in the carbon isotope composition for the Dal’nyaya Taiga regional stage is characterized by positive and low-amplitude negative δ¹³С anomalies similar to those in the Doushantuo Formation (China).</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"58 2","pages":"122 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4708282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Varieties of Fossil Resins of the Western Central Asia and Their Molecular Structure","authors":"O. V. Martirosyan,&nbsp;M. A. Bogdasarov","doi":"10.1134/S0024490223010042","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490223010042","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper provides the first modern day overview of fossil resin finds in western Central Asia, which is located far beyond the traditional resin-bearing regions both in Russia and in northern West Europe. Based on little-known facts and random references in the geological literature, the main locations of fossil resins were revised and described, and the level of their study is assessed. The first FTIR study of the molecular structure of fossil resins in the Aral region showed that their classification as amber (in modern understanding – succinite assigned to the group of viscous resin) is not correct. They are represented by exclusively fragile varieties (retinite and gedanite) and, therefore, have no practical significance as jewelry raw material.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"58 1","pages":"84 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4709835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lithological Composition and Hydrocarbon Anomalies of Bottom Sediments in the Western Part of the East Siberian Sea","authors":"A. I. Gresov,&nbsp;A. V. Yatsuk,&nbsp;K. I. Aksentov","doi":"10.1134/S0024490223010029","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490223010029","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Based on the lithological and gas-geochemical studies and a comprehensive interpretation of the available materials, the main factors of the formation and distribution of grain size distribution, water-physical properties, organic saturation, as well as concentrations and geochemical parameters of hydrocarbon (HC) gases in seafloor sediments of geostructures in the western part of the East Siberian Sea are summarized and analyzed. It has been established that the sediments in the northern and central parts of the studied region are represented by aleurite–pelites; in the southern part, by aleurite–pelite–psammites with the following parameters: C_org—0.6–2.0%, natural moisture content (hereafter, wetness)—18–43%, density—1.5–2.0 g/cm³, open porosity—17–33%, concentrations of methane and its homologs—0.001–5.934 and 0.00003–0.0312 cm³/kg, respectively, molecular mass of the HC fraction—16.05–22.6 g/mol, coefficients of “wetness”, “dryness”, and transformation—0.2–51, 1–1999, and 0.2–50.8%, respectively, and δ¹³С‒СН₄ varying from –82.7 to –38.4‰. Based on the values of gas-geochemical parameters, eleven types of gas sources were identified in bottom sediments. The results showed that the formation of HC anomalies in sediments is governed mainly by their reservoir properties, C_org content, sampling depths, integrated influence of geological factors, such as gas saturation of the underlying sediments, type of gas sources, fault and fold tectonics, position of geostructures, thickness of Quaternary sediments, content of coal and gas, and age of the folded basement. Anomalies of HC gases are associated to a lesser extent with the lithological composition and density parameters of sediments.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"58 1","pages":"16 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4709836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postsedimentary Transformations of Lower Triassic Rocks in the Northern Varandey-Adzva Zone (Pechora Oil- and Gas-Bearing Basin)","authors":"N. N. Timonina,&nbsp;M. S. Nechaev,&nbsp;I. L. Ulnyrov","doi":"10.1134/S0024490222700031","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490222700031","url":null,"abstract":"<p>New data on the mineral composition of Lower Triassic terrigenous rocks in the northern Pechora oil- and gas-bearing basin are presented. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the terrigenous natural reservoirs confined to this part of the section have heterogeneous structure. The purpose of the article was to identify the features of the formation and distribution of minerals that fill the void space of the reservoirs. The optical microscopic, X-ray phase, and electron microscopic study revealed diverse postsedimentary transformations of sandy reservoirs. It is shown that the most widespread are quartz regeneration, transformation of mica-group minerals, as well as the formation of calcite of various generations and authigenic clay minerals. Diagenetic changes in terrigenous rocks play a significant role in the formation of reservoir properties and promote the heterogeneity of reservoirs. The large amount of calcite in sandstone cement leads to a significant decrease in filtration and capacity parameters. The pore cement of chlorite‒smectite composition in the fine-grained sandstones also causes a decrease in the reservoir quality. The coarse- and medium-grained sandstones with a low content of cement (predominantly of the kaolinite or chlorite composition) are characterized by the higher reservoir properties. The chloritic crustification and kaolinitic pore-filling cement facilitate the formation of higher quality reservoirs.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"58 2","pages":"143 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4707833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composition and Formation Conditions of Neoproterozoic Phosphorites in the Middle Urals","authors":"M. T. Krupenin,&nbsp;A. B. Kuznetsov,&nbsp;D. A. Zamyatin,&nbsp;E. A. Pankrushina,&nbsp;S. V. Lepekha","doi":"10.1134/S0024490222700067","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490222700067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phosphorite breccias compose a 6-m-thick member in the Vendian terrigenous Kernos Formation in the basin of the Mezhevaya Utka and Sylvitsa rivers (Middle Urals). Phosphorite pebbles and gravelites are accumulations of the fragments of redeposited crusts, originally formed during early diagenesis near the surface of sandy–clayey rocks below the water–sediment boundary. Phosphorite is represented by fluorocarbonate apatite with the following parameters: unit cell <i>a</i> ranging from 0.9359 to 0.9363 nm, spectral mode parameters in Raman spectra (ν₁ FWHM = 1–2 cm^–1 and peak position from 963 to 966 cm^–1), and a band at 1095 cm^–1 in FTIR spectra. The bands at ~1430 cm^–1 and 1453 cm^–1 in the FTIR spectra correspond to substitution of the orthophosphorus group by the carbonate ion (B type). According to the thermal analysis data, the CO₂ content in apatite is 0.04–0.8%, and the admixture of dispersed organic matter as aliphatic compounds is 0.3–0.8%. Apatite is represented by two generations: primary (basal structureless fine-crystalline cement) and secondary (euhedral crystals up to 10 µm in size). Both generations corrode the detrital quartz grains. Relative to the primary apatite, the secondary variety is enriched in P₂O₅, CaO, and F, but depleted in SiO₂, Fe₂O₃, Al₂O₃, MgO, and K₂O. The PAAS-normalized REE distribution in the enriched phosphorites has a smoothed profile with a La/Yb ratio of about 2 and positive Ce and Eu anomalies. The average F/P₂O₅ value (0.09) corresponds to that in typical fluorocarbonate apatites subjected to catagenesis. High ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values (0.7130–0.7253) in detrital phosphorites of the Kernos Formation suggest their deposition in a desalinated wave-dominated shallow-marine paleobasin near a significant inflow of continental water (delta) or catagenetic recrystallization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"58 2","pages":"95 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4710645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late Cenomanian Paleoecological Event OAE 2 in the Sections of the Northern Peri-Tethys (Crimea, Eastern Caucasus): Sediment Structure and Dynamics of their Accumulation","authors":"Yu. O. Gavrilov,&nbsp;E. A. Shcherbinina,&nbsp;E. V. Shchepetova,&nbsp;O. V. Golovanova,&nbsp;B. G. Pokrovsky","doi":"10.1134/S0024490222060037","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490222060037","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The comparative characteristics of sedimentary successions corresponding to the paleoecological event OAE 2, which are spaced over 1000 km apart within the Crimean–Caucasian region, are present. It is shown that the sediments accumulated during this time span under different sedimentary conditions are featured by the similar structures. The sedimentological, geochemical, and paleoecological analyses, indicate that (1) stable oxygen deficient conditions were not spread in the water column of the paleobasin; they occurred locally in a thin layer of bottom water owing to the oxidation of organic matter accumulated on the seafloor; (2) geochemical anomalies inherent in the TOC-rich horizon extend to the embedding layers that indicate their involving to the paleoecological event. The carbonaceous sediments of OAE 2 formed due to the enhanced nutrients influx from the land during the eustatic transgression caused the dramatic increase in the plankton productivity. The transgression was complicated by frequent sea-level fluctuations of minor magnitude associated with the Milankovitch precession cycles.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"57 6","pages":"473 - 493"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4472791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lithogeochemical Characteristics of Vendian Rocks in the Northern Patom Highland","authors":"A. V. Maslov,&nbsp;V. N. Podkovyrov,&nbsp;V. P. Kovach,&nbsp;N. Yu. Zagornaya","doi":"10.1134/S0024490222050054","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490222050054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The results of analyzing litho- and isotopic geochemical indicators of the composition of paleocatchment areas, paleoclimate, and paleobioproductivity in rocks of the Mariinsk–Nokhtui interval (Upper Riphean?–Vendian–Lower Cambrian) in the northern Patom Highland (Lena–Zhuya region) are presented. It was found that the Th/Sc, Th/Co, and (La/Yb)_N values in the fine-grained clastic/clayey rocks, as well as the age of detrital zircons in sandstones of the Mariinsk–Barakun interval and the overlying deposits, are different, indicating the emergence of new sources of fine-grained aluminosiliciclastics in the pre-Ura or Ura periods. This is consistent with the conclusions in previous studies. Significant increase in ε_Nd (t) values and decrease in Nd model ages, recorded at the base of the Nikol’sk Formation, can be traced upsection to the Early Cambrian Nokhtui Formation. Based on the geochemical data on sediments in large modern rivers, the Vendian and Early Cambrian paleocatchment areas were likely composed of rocks influenced by the humid subtropical and tropical climate. The absence of a prominent negative correlation between the EF_P value and the ratios of several trace elements reflecting the rock composition in the paleocatchment areas, and, presumably, sedimentary basin types, suggests the lack of any significant relationship between the paleoproductivity and geodynamic settings in the Vendian.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"57 6","pages":"494 - 517"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4475019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation and Potential Identification of Karsts as Groundwater Resources with the Help of GIS Studies, a Case Study of Western Iran","authors":"Saeid Pourmorad,&nbsp;Samira Abbasi,&nbsp;Nilanchal Patel,&nbsp;Ashutosh Mohanty","doi":"10.1134/S0024490222060062","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490222060062","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Improper use of alluvial aquifers and declining water levels in these aquifers have led to significant attention to the search for other groundwater sources in karst areas and hard formations. Iran is one of the countries that has a very high percentage of karst in the world and the study and tracing of karst are very important in this country. In this research, eight effective factors in karstification are identified and categorized into two groups and the relevant information layers are prepared. The first group includes average annual rainfall, type of geological formations, the density of fractures, and density of the fracture site. The second group, which is of secondary importance, includes the average annual temperature, the density of canals, slope, and type of vegetation. After preparing the information layers, quantitative parameters based on fuzzy logic and qualitative parameters were standardized by the rasterization method. The importance and weight of each of the effective factors were determined from two methods viz. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Fuzzy Hierarchical Analysis Process (FAHP). After multiplying the standard maps with their respective weights, they were overlaid, and finally, karst potential maps were generated. Maps were generated from the two weighting methods based on the subsurface and surface hydrogeological-geomorphological diagrams. Karst features such as Karen, dissolution cavities, depressions, caves, dry valleys, reservoir rocks of springs and water exploitation wells, and Calcareous limbs were ascertained, which indicates that the results of the FAHP method are more consistent with the existing conditions in the region. The final map was divided into five classes in terms of the karst potential, viz. very high, high, medium, low, and no potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"57 6","pages":"584 - 599"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4477145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}