Lithology and Mineral Resources最新文献

{"title":"The Application of Various Mineral Prospectivity Modeling in the Exploration of Orogenic Gold Deposit in Saqez-Sardasht Region, Northwest Iran","authors":"Farzaneh Mami Khalifani,&nbsp;Ali Imamalipour,&nbsp;Samaneh Barak,&nbsp;Maysam Abedi,&nbsp;Golnaz Jozanikohan,&nbsp;Abbas Bahroudi","doi":"10.1134/S002449022370013X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S002449022370013X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Saqez-Sardasht region (~2000) is located in the north Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (SSZ), between longitudes of 46°00′67 00″ E to 46°30′00″ and latitudes of 36°00′00″ N to 36°30′00″, northwest Iran. The region was fully studied to recognize the promising areas for gold deposits using various methods of fuzzy fusion techniques. Accordingly, six evidential layers (i.e., lithological, tectonic, alteration, with Au, Sb, and W geochemical anomalies have been derived from three geo-data sets of geology, geochemistry, and remote sensing. A concentration–number (C–N) fractal method was used to determine the geochemical threshold values. The outcome was then combined, using the multiple indicator kriging (MIK) geochemical methods to improve the mineral potential mapping of gold deposits. In this study, four various fuzzy mineral prospectivity mapping (MPM) methods consisting of conventional VIKOR, modified VIKOR, multi-class index overlay, and Geo Fuzzy Inference System (GeoFIS) have been employed to detect the most promising areas in the Saqez-Sardasht region. The MPMs were numerically compared to each other based on the MPM efficiency index for the seven gold prospects in the study region. The Geo Fuzzy Inference System (GeoFIS) acquired 91.84% agreement, so it is selected as the superior technique to lead the prospect selection. With affiliation to the outcome of MPM maps, promising mineralized areas, controlled by shear zones, were located in the southwestern part of the Saqez region.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"58 4","pages":"368 - 386"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4305656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and Crystal-Chemical Features of Mixed-Layer Illite-Containing Minerals from Catagenetically Altered Upper Jurassic Oil-Source Rocks","authors":"V. A. Drits,&nbsp;B. A. Sakharov,&nbsp;B. B. Zviagina","doi":"10.1134/S0024490223700128","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490223700128","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Illite-smectite (I-S) minerals from the Upper Jurassic oil-source shales of Denmark and the North Sea were studied by a complex of diffraction and spectroscopic methods. Detailed structures were identified to reveal the mechanism of postsedimentary transformations of these shales. Usually, oil is generated in the oil-source rocks of sedimentary basins simultaneously with the diagenetic and catagenetic I-S transformations. The results obtained demonstrate the relationship between these two reactions: NH₃ molecules released from kerogen during the maximum oil formation are fixed as NH₄ cations in smectite or vermiculite interlayers, forming mica or tobelite structural fragments. This solid-phase transformation produces the mixed-layer structures consisting of illite, tobelite, smectite, and vermiculite (I-T-S-V) layers.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"58 3","pages":"183 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4950224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Ediacaran Positive C-Isotope Anomaly in Limestones of the Chernaya Rechka Formation, Igarka Uplift (Northwestern Siberian Platform)","authors":"B. B. Kochnev,&nbsp;B. G. Pokrovsky,&nbsp;A. B. Kuznetsov,&nbsp;V. V. Marusin,&nbsp;O. K. Kaurova,&nbsp;N. V. Bykova,&nbsp;N. A. Ivanova","doi":"10.1134/S0024490223700086","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490223700086","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Precambrian Chernaya Rechka Formation (Igarka Uplift) hosts a high-amplitude positive carbonate carbon and dispersed organic matter δ¹³С isotope anomaly (up to +12.4‰) spanning over 500 m of the section. Variations of δ¹³С_carb and δ¹³С_org are synchronous and do not depend on local sedimentary environments, since the studied anomaly-bearing carbonates were accumulated in different zones of the carbonate ramp. The oxygen isotope composition of these carbonates and other geochemical criteria indicate an insignificant impact of postsedimentary processes on the preservation of isotope systems. Variations of trace elements in the carbonate fraction from the stratotype section of the Chernaya Rechka Formation indicate its accumulation in alternating anoxic and oxic environments that did not affect the carbon isotope composition. It is shown that the limestones, which outcrop on Plakhinskii Island and contain widespread molar-tooth structures, also belong to the Chernaya Rechka Formation in terms of the chemical and isotope composition. The profound positive δ¹³С anomaly was putatively caused by a global deficiency of ¹²С in the paleo-ocean related to the accumulation of methane hydrates and the burial of nonoxidized organic matter. Together with the geochronological and stratigraphic data, minimum ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values (0.7074) in the Chernaya Rechka Formation reveal the lower Ediacaran (lower Vendian) age of the unit (635–580 Ma). Among the closest stratigraphic analogues of the Chernaya Rechka Formation are the Dal’nyaya Taiga Group (Patom Basin) and coeval stratigraphic sequences in the southern Siberian Platform. The global nature of the positive δ¹³С anomaly provides its correlation with other coeval C-isotope events worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"58 3","pages":"235 - 257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4942611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composition and Genesis of Carbonate Concretions in the Region of Paramushir Hydroacoustic Anomalies (Sea of Okhotsk)","authors":"V. V. Petrova,&nbsp;V. A. Rashidov,&nbsp;N. V. Gorkova","doi":"10.1134/S0024490223700104","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490223700104","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Carbonate concretions in the region of Paramushir hydroacoustic anomalies are confined to the methane seep zones controlled by deep (tectonically weakened) bottom areas. Based on the structure, as well as chemical and mineral composition, the concretions can be classified as volcanosedimentary rock consisting of the vitro-, litho-, and crystalloclasts and buried microfauna cemented with the carbonate (aragonite) cement. The details and sequence of mineral formation of carbonate concretions are considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"58 3","pages":"196 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4950227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Data on the Age of the Ozernoe Polymetallic Deposit (Western Transbaikalia)","authors":"O. R. Minina,&nbsp;I. V. Gordienko,&nbsp;B. B. Damdinov,&nbsp;V. S. Tashlykov,&nbsp;T. A. Goneger,&nbsp;V. S. Skripnikov,&nbsp;V. S. Lantseva,&nbsp;V. B. Khubanov,&nbsp;E. V. Kislov","doi":"10.1134/S0024490223700074","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490223700074","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The article presents results of the biostratigraphic and U–Pb geochronological (detrital zircon) studies of the volcanoterrigenous lacustrine member of the upper subformation (Lower Paleozoic Oldynda Formation), which contains polymetallic massive sulfide ores of the Ozernoe deposit (Kurba–Eravna ore district, western Transbaikalia). The first, second, and “crystalline tuff” horizons of the first ore-bearing level of the Ozernaya member were studied. It is represented by an alternation of tuffs, calcareous, siliceous, carbonaceous tuffites, pelitomorphic limestones, calcareous gravelstones with interlayers and lenses of mineralized tuffaceous conglobreccia and layers of banded siderite pyrite ores. For the first time, bryozoans, algae, and palynoflora were recorded in calcareous tuffaceous siltstones and limestones of the second and “crystalline tuff” productive horizons. These data indicate the Early Carboniferous (Tournaisian) time of sediment accumulation. Results of the U–Pb geochronological studies of detrital zircons from the mineralized tuffaceous conglobreccia of the third productive horizon suggest that the lower boundary of rock formation is not older than Late Cambrian.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"58 3","pages":"258 - 271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4950228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Weathering Indexes: Implication for Paleoclimatic Reconstructions, with the Vendian–Lower Cambrian Section of Podolian Transnistria as Example","authors":"A. V. Maslov,&nbsp;V. N. Podkovyrov","doi":"10.1134/S0024490222700043","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490222700043","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The article provides an overview of various indexes/indicators (Vogt, Parker, CIA, CIW, PIA, MIA, and others) used for studying weathering profiles/crusts and reconstructing paleoclimatic environments of sedimentary sequence accumulation. Their possibilities are demonstrated with Vendian–Lower Cambrian terrigenous rocks of Podolian Transnistria (southwestern slope of the Ukrainian Shield) as example. Distribution of index ba₁ values in this section indicates the presence of material subjected to intense transformation during the chemical weathering in mudstones of the Nagoryany Formation, the lower part of the Danilovka and the middle part of the Studenitsa formations. For mudstones of the Danilovka–Zbruch interval, the HM values are close to the HM_PAAS. The HM values are slightly higher for rocks of the Yaryshev–Nagoryany interval and comparable to those inherent in hot tropical continental clays for mudstones in the lower part of the Yaryshev Formation. Average value of index SA for mudstones of the entire section is 5.6 ± 0.7. Mudstones of the Grushka–Nagoryany interval, where SA &lt; SA_PAAS, are composed of a more weathered material. The WIP values in mudstones of the Mogilev and Yaryshev formations, as well as in the upper part of the Zbruch Formation, correspond to the interval of their values between the PAAS and average Archean granite. Clay rocks of other formations have WIP ≤ WIP_PAAS. Average CIA value (71 ± 4) for mudstones virtually corresponds to the CIA value (70), which separates the sediments of cold/arid and warm/humid climates. Variations in the index CIW value along the section are oriented similarly as CIA variation. The vast majority of mudstones are characterized by PIA &gt; PIA_PAAS. The average CPA value is 91 ± 4, which is also typical for PAAS. These and other data suggest the following point: based on a “direct” interpretation of the values of various chemical weathering indexes inherent in the fine-grained clastic rocks, paleoclimate in Podolian Transnistria was rather moderate or warm humid in the Vendian‒Early Cambrian. Comparison of the CIA values of mudstones with the values for the particulate suspended matter in modern rivers suggests that the Vendian‒Early Cambrian climate resembled the dry and humid subtropical or dry tropical type with elements of the humid climate.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"58 3","pages":"213 - 234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4944367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flat Spots within Cenozoic Sediments of the Nansen Basin, Arctic Ocean: Indicators for Serpentinization, Gas Generation and Accumulation Processes","authors":"S. Yu. Sokolov,&nbsp;W. H. Geissler,&nbsp;A. S. Abramova,&nbsp;D. A. Ryzhova,&nbsp;I. S. Patina","doi":"10.1134/S0024490222060074","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490222060074","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Flat spot anomalies in the Quaternary part of the section of the Nansen Basin are imaged in seismic records and are interpreted to be related to gas-rich fluid accumulations. The flat spots are mainly located above basement highs between magnetic spreading anomalies C20 (~43 Ma) and C12 (~33 Ma). The complex morphometric analysis of flat spots show that serpentinization processes identified from modelling of gravity anomalies could be original gas source. This process also makes smoothing of the basement highs amplitudes. The depth of the top of the flat spots below the seafloor has an almost constant value of ~390 m indicating the ascent of gases from variable basement depths to a common subsurface fluid trap. The depth of the anomalies below the seafloor corresponds to a theoretical thickness of gas hydrate stability zone in the studied region. Gravity modeling along the Arktika-2011-03 section showed the position of the upper mantle blocks with lower (to 2.95 g/cm³) density within the highs of the acoustic basement. The flat spot anomalies occur above basement highs, below which blocks with lower density typical of serpentinized rocks are modelled. Thus, the serpentinization of the upper mantle ultramafic rocks is considered a main geochemical process, which can explain generation and accumulation of gas in oceanic abyss at a 1–3 km thick sedimentary cover, as well as small vertical movements of the basement blocks due to density reduction and expansion of serpentinized rock.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"58 1","pages":"1 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4710650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption of Rare Earth Metal Cations by Base Metal Sulfides in the Broken Spur and TAG Hydrothermal Fields, Atlantic Ocean","authors":"G. V. Novikov,&nbsp;N. V. Lobus,&nbsp;N. A. Shulga,&nbsp;O. Yu. Bogdanova","doi":"10.1134/S0024490223010066","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490223010066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The article presents the results of sorption of rare earth metal (REM) cations on samples of deep-sea base metal sulfides in the Broken Spur and TAG hydrothermal fields (Mid-Atlantic Ridge). The studied samples contain the following major minerals: marcasite, pyrrhotite, pyrite, and sphalerite in the Broken Spur field; chalcopyrite, pyrite, and marcasite in the TAG field. It has been established that these Fe–Cu–Zn sulfide minerals are natural absorbents. The exchange capacity of sulfide minerals for REM cations is 0.006‒0.061 mg-equiv/g. The exchange complex of sulfide minerals comprises the cations of alkaline, alkali-earth metals, and main cations of metals in the crystal lattice – Fe, Zn, Cu (in very limited quantities). The mechanism of the REM cation absorption is ion-exchange equivalent to the exchange cations of sulfide minerals. It was found that REM cations occur in the sulfide minerals almost completely in the sorbed form (more than 90% of the total amount). Apparently, the chemically bound form is possible only for Lu and Dy cations. The mineral composition of sulfide deposits is preserved in the exchange reaction products, and new phases do not appear.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"58 1","pages":"32 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4710651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of L.V. Pustovalov’s Works on the Development of Petroleum Lithology","authors":"V. G. Kuznetsov,&nbsp;A. N. Dmitrievsky","doi":"10.1134/S0024490222700018","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490222700018","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The article discusses the main directions of lithological studies in the oil-and-gas geology, continuing and developing the ideas and researches of L.V. Pustovalov. Several such studies are coordinated closely with other geological branches (tectonics, stratigraphy, and others). A wide range of such studies is devoted to analysis of the structure and development of sedimentary basins; elucidation of the structure of the internal structure of sedimentary complexes; prediction and prospecting for non-structural oil-and-gas traps; and study of natural oil-and-gas reservoirs at different hierarchical levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"58 2","pages":"177 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4710346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Globular Phyllosilicates of the Glauconite–Illite Series in the Cambrian and Ordovician Rocks of the Eastern Baltica (Northern Estonia, Western Lithuania, and Western Latvia)","authors":"T. A. Ivanovskaya,&nbsp;B. A. Sakharov,&nbsp;T. S. Zaitseva","doi":"10.1134/S002449022270002X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S002449022270002X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The mineralogical, structural and crystal-chemical features of seven samples of globular phyllosilicates of the glauconite–illite series (GPS) from the Lower Cambrian sequences of Northern Estonia and Western Lithuania, from the Middle Cambrian sequences of Western Latvia, and also from the Lower Ordovician sequences of Northern Estonia and Western Latvia are considered for the first time. Based on Al index (<i>K</i>_Al = ^VIAl/[^VIFe³⁺ + ^VIAl]) varying from 0.27 to 0.59, the globular phyllosilicates are attributed to the glauconite–illite series, most of which are represented by glauconites (the Al index is <i>K</i>_Al = 0.27–0.46) and one sample, by Al-glauconite (<i>K</i>_Al = 0.59). The K₂O content in minerals is from 7.12 to 7.90%. The content of expandable layers (4–13%), their types (smectite, vermiculite), and the character of their alternation (R = 0, R = 2) were determined for the first time in the studied samples by simulation of experimental X-ray diffraction patterns from oriented specimens. Simulation of X-ray diffraction patterns obtained from unoriented specimens made it possible to determine the degree of three-dimensional order and mean values of the unit-cell parameter <i>b</i> (9.056–9.094 Å), as well as the distribution of their individual micaceous varieties. Based on these data, the microheterogeneity of the Cambrian and Ordovician GPSs was established and compared with the heterogeneity in the previously studied Riphean GPS (Drits et al., 2013). The obtained Rb-Sr и K‑Ar ages for the studied Middle Cambrian and Lower Ordovician samples, as well as the earlier published dates for the Lower Cambrian samples, are “rejuvenated” relative to age limits accepted for the Cambrian and Lower Ordovician (Gradstein et al., 2020). The relationship of the Cambrian and Lower Ordovician “rejuvenated” isotopic dates and the discovered GPS heterogeneity, as well as possible reasons for its occurrence, are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"58 2","pages":"158 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4707463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}