{"title":"Rare-Earth Mineralization in Terrigenous Rocks of the Shatak Complex (Southern Urals): Species Diversity and Features of Chemical Composition","authors":"S. G. Kovalev, S. S. Kovalev, A. A. Sharipova","doi":"10.1134/S0024490223700402","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490223700402","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The study of terrigenous rocks of the Shatak Complex, which includes rocks of the Kuz”elga and Karan subformations (Mashak Formation, Upper Riphean) revealed numerous rare-earth minerals: allanite-(Ce), monazite-(Se), monazite-(Nd), xenotime-(Y), REE-bearing epidote, and unidentified compounds. It has been established that the detrital zircon plays the role of a selective concentrator of Y, HREE, and Th during the terrigenous rock metamorphism. The comparative analysis showed that rare-earth minerals, such as monazite-(Ce) and xenotime-(Y), in the Shatak Complex differ significantly (in terms of chemical composition) from counterparts in other complexes located on the western slope of the Southern Urals by the presence of Gd in monazite, and LREE (Ce, Nd, Sm) in xenotime. In the case of similar thermobaric parameters of rock metamorphism characterizing the alteration degree of lithostructural complexes in the Southern Urals, the chemistry of mineral formation environment is among the main factors governing the compositional features of rare-earth minerals.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"59 1","pages":"14 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140016941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Early–Middle Permian Terrigenous Rocks in Southwestern Primorye: Material Composition, Provenances, and Formation Settings","authors":"A. I. Malinovsky","doi":"10.1134/S0024490223700359","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490223700359","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper presents the results of studying the material composition of Early–Middle Permian terrigenous rocks of the Reshetnikovo Formation in the Laoeling–Grodekovo terrane of southwestern Primorye. Studies were carried out to reconstruct paleogeodynamic environments of the accumulation of rocks and to determine the tectonic type and composition of parent rocks in sources areas. It has been established that, in terms of mineral and geochemical parameters, sandstones of the Reshetnikovo Formation are petrogenic or “first cycle” rocks. They correspond to arkoses and, only partially, subarkoses and lithite arenites. They are characterized by a fairly high maturity of clastic material. Their appearance is related to the destruction of largely weathered parent rocks in sources areas. Paleogeodynamic interpretation of the obtained data indicates that sedimentation occurred in the Early–Middle Permian in basins of a passive continental margin (intra- and intercontinental rifts and aulacogens). Sedimentation processes were governed mainly by continental sources areas: cratons and uplifted basement blocks, which were projections of the crystalline basement framed by rift zones. Mainly felsic igneous and metamorphic rocks were eroded with the participation of ancient sedimentary rocks. The U–Pb isotopic dating of detrital zircons made it possible to establish the age and possible location of magmatic complexes, whose destruction produced rocks of the Reshetnikovo Formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"59 1","pages":"98 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140017034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. R. Minina, V. S. Lantseva, I. D. Sobolev, I. V. Vikentyev
{"title":"Composition, Age, and Sedimentation Environment of the Ore-Hosting Eravna Series of the Uda–Vitim Zone (Western Transbaikalia, Russia)","authors":"O. R. Minina, V. S. Lantseva, I. D. Sobolev, I. V. Vikentyev","doi":"10.1134/S0024490223700396","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490223700396","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper considers data on the composition, age, and formation conditions of the Ulzutui and Kydzhimit sequences, which are ascribed to the Eravna Series of the Eravna Subzone of the Uda–Vitim Zone. The Eravna Series, at least 2400 m thick, is composed of tephroturbidites with a significant amount of lavas and tuffs of felsic and intermediate compositions, with which tectonic-gravitational mixtites are spatially and genetically related. The features of the structure and composition of the Eravna Series indicate the formation of sediments in an open deepening marine basin adjacent to the zone of active volcanism. Based on miospores, the time of formation of the Ulzutui Sequence was constrained, for the first time, to the Late Devonian–Early Carboniferous (late Famennian–early Tournaisian), the Kydzhimit Sequence is limited to the Early Carboniferous (Visean) age. At this time, the Kydzhimit volcanic zone was formed. The suprasubduction nature of the zone is evidenced by the following features of volcanic rocks: predominance of felsic varieties, affiliation of basalts to the tholeiitic series, and dacites and rhyodacites to the calc-alkaline series, the presence of high-K rock varieties corresponding to the K-Na alkalinity, very low MgO contents, low and moderate TiO<sub>2</sub> contents, high Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and K<sub>2</sub>O, enrichment of the volcanogenic rocks in large-ion lithophilic elements relatively to high-field strength elements, Nb minimum, and negative εNd, their spatial association with monzonites (with suprasubduction signatures) and tephroturbidites, as well as metallogenic specialization (Cu and Zn) of the Eravna Series. We believe that the ore-bearing sequence for the pyrite–base metal Ulzutui and Ozernoe deposits is the Upper Devonian–Lower Carboniferous Eravna Series.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"59 1","pages":"27 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140016942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Categories of Rivers that Formed Vendian and Lower Cambrian Sedimentary Sequences, Western Part of the East European Platform: Evidence from Lithogeochemistry","authors":"A. V. Maslov, V. N. Podkovyrov","doi":"10.1134/S0024490223700414","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490223700414","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Based on lithogeochemical data related to the fine-grained clastic rocks of the Volyn, Valdai, and Baltic groups in the western part of the East European Platform (Belarus and Volyn, partly Lithuania), categories of rivers that transported the fine-grained aluminosiliciclastics to the sinks were reconstructed. It is concluded that the formation of Vendian and Lower Cambrian sedimentary sequences in this area was controlled mainly by river systems similar to modern large rivers (catchment area >100 000 km<sup>2</sup>) and rivers draining sedimentary rocks (catchment area <100 000 km<sup>2</sup>). The fine-grained aluminosiliciclastics transported by them was delivered mainly from areas composed of rocks of the platform crystalline basement and, in part, sedimentary rocks. The distribution of data points of Vendian–Lower Cambrian mudstones on the (La/Yb)<sub>N</sub>–Eu/Eu* and (La/Yb)<sub>N</sub>–Th diagrams with fields of the pelitic and silty–pelitic sediments at the mouths of modern different-category rivers shows that mafic rocks of the Volyn–Brest large igneous province, apparently, were not suppliers of the fine-grained aluminosiliciclastics in the indicated time intervals.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"59 1","pages":"1 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140017037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. M. Gorozhanin, S. V. Michurin, V. F. Yuldashbaeva
{"title":"Lithological Features of the Uryuk Formation in the Vendian Tolparovo Section (Southern Urals)","authors":"V. M. Gorozhanin, S. V. Michurin, V. F. Yuldashbaeva","doi":"10.1134/S0024490223700372","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490223700372","url":null,"abstract":"<p>New results of the lithological structural–textural observations and petrographic study of rocks of the Uryuk Formation (sandstones and gravelstone-sandstones with the subordinate mudstone interlayers) exposed in the Malyi Tolpar River basin in the Bashkir meganticlinorium. For the first time, a wide development of synsedimentary underwater landslide folds (varying from the first tens of centimeters to the first meters in size) has been established in the Uryuk deposits. The sandstones demonstrate the oblique, wavy, flaser, and horizontal (with paired thin clay lamina) stratification, as well as massive layers. Signs of shallow wave ripples have been established. The rocks are characterized by mechanoglyphs and textures similar to <i>Arumberia banksi</i>, which presumably represent the lithified textures of bacterial mats that existed under shallow-marine environments with sandy–clayey sedimentation. Despite the absence of direct lithological signs of diamictites, the Uryuk deposits likely form a single sedimentary sequence with the underlying Tolparovo–Suirovo marine glacial deposits, in which a shallow-sea sedimentation regime was established by the end of the Uryuk time. It is shown that the presence of ferruginous minerals in the sandstone cement is secondary in nature and is associated with their epigenetic transformations. It is concluded that the red color of rocks of the Uryuk Formation cannot be used for the stratification of its sections and reconstruction of sedimentation conditions in the Uryuk time.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"59 1","pages":"70 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140017038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. B. Kuznetsov, T. V. Romanyuk, A. V. Shatsillo, I. V. Latysheva, I. V. Fedyukin, A. V. Strashko, A. S. Novikova, E. A. Shcherbinina, A. V. Drazdova, E. I. Makhinya, A. V. Marinin, A. S. Dubenskiy, K. G. Erofeeva, V. S. Sheshukov
{"title":"Cretaceous–Eocene Flysch of the Sochi Synclinorium (Western Caucasus): Sources of Clastic Material Based on the Results of U–Th–Pb Isotope Dating of Detrital Zircons","authors":"N. B. Kuznetsov, T. V. Romanyuk, A. V. Shatsillo, I. V. Latysheva, I. V. Fedyukin, A. V. Strashko, A. S. Novikova, E. A. Shcherbinina, A. V. Drazdova, E. I. Makhinya, A. V. Marinin, A. S. Dubenskiy, K. G. Erofeeva, V. S. Sheshukov","doi":"10.1134/S0024490223700384","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490223700384","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The first results of the U–Th–Pb isotope dating of detrital zircons (dZr, N = 130, <i>n</i> = 91) from the middle Danian sandstones (63.9–65.3 Ma) of the Cretaceous–Eocene Novorossiisk–Anapa flysch widely developed in the Sochi synclinorium (southern slope of the Western Caucasus) are presented. The maximum and minimum dZr age is 2973 ± 12 Ma and 318 ± 3 Ma, respectively; weighted average age of the four youngest dZr is ~322 ± 7 Ma. There are no signs of erosion products of the Jurassic magmatites involved in the structure of the Greater Caucasus and Crimean Mountains into the sedimentary basin, where the Novorossiisk–Anapa flysch was formed. The results have revealed a high degree of similarity between the provenance signals of the Danian sandstones from the Novorossiisk–Anapa flysch, some Paleogene–Neogene and Early Quaternary (Early Pleistocene) sandstones of the Western Caucasus and Western Cis-Caucasia, red-colored Upper Permian and Lower Triassic sandstones of the Moscow syneclise, as well as Late Quaternary alluvium at lower reaches of the Don and Volga rivers draining vast expanses of the Russian Plate. These facts suggest: (1) the absence of eroded mountain structures of the Greater Caucasus and Crimea in the middle Danian; (2) the main volume of detrital material composing the Novorossiisk–Anapa flysch was formed due to the recycling of Permian–Triassic and younger sequences of the Russian Plate.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"59 1","pages":"47 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140017030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Paleozoic Reef Formation in the Pechora Syneclise and the Caspian Basin: A Comparative Analysis","authors":"V. G. Kuznetsov, L. M. Zhuravleva","doi":"10.1134/S0024490223700360","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490223700360","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In two marginal depressions of the East European Platform (Pechora Syneclise and Caspian Basin), reef structures are widespread, but their stratigraphic intervals are far from similar. The reef formation began in the Caradocian in the Pechorian Ural, in the second half of the Llandoverian in the Pechora Syneclise, reached the maximum in the Frasnian, and gave way to the development of reef mounds in the Famennian. The structures are represented both as asymmetric reefs framing shallow zones at their boundary with the relatively deep paleobasins and as solitary structures within the latter. Reefs of the next global maximums (late Visean–Serpukhovian and Lower Permian) are confined to some places at the boundary with the Ural paleocean and its relict (Cis-Ural foredeep). The Caspian Basin accommodates reefs of all three global maximums of development—both asymmetric reef systems framing the shelf edges and symmetric intra-basin isolated structures. Such difference is due to the different paleogeomorphological type of basins. The Caspian Basin was sharply differentiated in depth throughout the Middle and Late Paleozoic, resulting in the formation of reefs rising above the bottom of these basins. In the Pechora Syneclise, depth differentiation of the basins occurred only in the Late Devonian. The Visean–Serpukhovian and early Permian shallow seas were generally weakly dissected and did not provide conditions for the formation of thick reefs protruding above the seafloor. Such reefs were formed only on the Ural paleocean edge in the Visean–Serpukhovian and on the Cis-Ural foredeep edge in the Permian.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"59 1","pages":"85 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140017040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Special Aspects of the Application of Lithogeochemical Indicators for Reconstructing the Paleoclimate and Composition of Source Areas in the West Siberian Late Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous Sedimentary Basin","authors":"V. G. Eder, A. G. Zamiralova, P. A. Yan","doi":"10.1134/S0024490223700311","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490223700311","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous rocks of the Bazhenov Formation, a significant positive linear correlation of the content of Th, Hf, Sc, and La with the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> content was revealed, and their terrigenous genesis was confirmed. It has been determined that the samples, in which the distribution of Sc/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and La/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> values does not satisfy the linear correlation, represent the mixed clayey–siliceous rocks (with P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> > 1 wt %) or the substantially pyritized rocks (with the pyrite content exceeding the OM content and C/S ≤ 1), as well as siliceous mudstones (with the SiO<sub>2</sub> content > 70 wt %). It is concluded that, in addition to carbonatized rocks, rocks of the above-mentioned types, as well as rocks subjected to the late diagenetic kaolinization, should be excluded before analyzing the geochemical indicators for reconstructing the formation conditions of the Bazhenov Formation. The formation conditions of these rocks were reconstructed based on the analysis of values of several geochemical modules and indicators. Based on the study of CIA and CIW variations, it was confirmed that the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous climate in the West Siberian sedimentary basin was warm and semiarid, and it did not change significantly during the entire period under consideration. For rocks of the Bazhenov Formation, several indicators, such as (La/Yb)<sub>N</sub> and Eu/Eu*, as well as the distribution of trace elements in the Th‒La‒Sc triangular diagram, suggest that rocks of the Bazhenov Formation were deposited in the central and southeastern regions, with the dominant impact of source areas of mafic rocks.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"58 6","pages":"573 - 583"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134796282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sorption Properties of Cobalt-Bearing Ferromanganese Crusts on the Kocebu Guyot of the Magellan Seamounts Relative to Rare-Earth Metal Cations","authors":"G. V. Novikov, N. V. Lobus, O. Y. Bogdanova","doi":"10.1134/S0024490223700347","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490223700347","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The results of experimental studies of the sorption properties of ferromanganese crusts on the Kocebu Guyot relative to rare-earth metal (REM) cations are presented. It is established that the crusts are a natural, highly selective sorbent of REM cations. The REM cations are adsorbed on ore minerals (Fe-vernadite, vernadite, Mn-feroxyhyte, and goethite). The crusts are characterized by a high exchange capacity (1.67‒3.28 mg-equiv/g), which increases in the series: Lu < Gd < Dy < La, Sm < Nd < Y < Eu <span>( ll )</span> Ce. The REM cations are adsorbed by the ion-exchange equivalent mechanism—in the case of Ce<sup>3+</sup> cations, according to the superequivalent mechanism with respect to cations of the exchange complex of ore minerals—Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Mn<sup>2+</sup>, and Ni<sup>2+</sup>, which contribute 95–98% to the total capacity of minerals.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"58 6","pages":"521 - 533"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134796278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-Stage Tectonothermal Events in the Nageng Mining Area, East Kunlun, China: Evidence from In Situ U–Pb Dating of Apatite and Zircon","authors":"Chen Jing","doi":"10.1134/S002449022370027X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S002449022370027X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Nagengkancherer (“Nageng”) silver deposit is the only independent silver mine in Qinghai Province, China. Here, the results of LA–ICP–MS U–Pb dating of apatite and zircon in quartz veins in this area are reported for the first time. The apatite is homogeneous and bright, with characteristics typical of unaltered magmatic apatite that has been unaffected by fluid. The zircons display oscillatory zonation typical of a magmatic origin. Apatite and zircon ages of the Paleoproterozoic Jinshuikou Group are older than those of the Triassic Erashan Formation, with apatite lower-intercept ages of 409.0 ± 3.7 and 376.2 ± 5.6 Ma, respectively, consistent with <sup>207</sup>Pb-corrected ages and representing the two formation ages of apatite minerals. The zircon weighted-mean <sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>238</sup>U age is 425.2 ± 1.8 Ma, with ages of 425–408 Ma being consistent those of late Silurian outcrops on the periphery of the mining area. This indicates the occurrence of a major tectonothermal event in the late Silurian–Early Devonian, revealing the existence of concealed rock at depth in the mining area and providing new information concerning the geological characteristics of the mining area. The age of 376 Ma is reported here for the first time and provides new constraints on the regional tectonic evolution. One sample from the Erashan Formation contained magmatic zircons with a U–Pb age of 220 ± 0.62 Ma, which represents the age of the country rocks (Erashan rhyolite) captured during the ascent of ore-forming hydrothermal fluids.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"58 6","pages":"632 - 643"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134796275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}