Lithology and Mineral Resources最新文献

{"title":"δ11B in Mud Volcanic Waters of the Kerch–Taman Mud-Volcanic Area (Crimea–Caucasus Region): Genesis and Formation Conditions of the Boron Mineralization","authors":"V. Y. Lavrushin,&nbsp;Y. Ma,&nbsp;C.-F. You,&nbsp;A. S. Aidarkozhina,&nbsp;E. V. Sokol,&nbsp;Y.-P. Lin,&nbsp;G. A. Chelnokov,&nbsp;S. N. Koch,&nbsp;X. Ma,&nbsp;G. Zheng","doi":"10.1134/S0024490225700191","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490225700191","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The isotopic-geochemical characteristics of boron in waters of 21 mud volcanoes in the Kerch–Taman area have been determined. Boron concentration varies from 14 to 550 mg/L, and δ¹¹B values range from +8.3 to +54.7‰ (+21‰ on average). Low δ¹¹B values (~+14‰) were also obtained in two freshwater samples collected from aquifers of Neogene–Quaternary sediments. These data reflect the high heterogeneity of boron isotopic characteristics in waters of various genesis, which are discharged on the Earth’s surface within the Kerch and Taman peninsulas. It is shown that the increase of boron concentration in the mud volcanic waters is provided by the contribution of isotopically light (δ¹¹B ~ +10‰) boron. The inverse relationship between δ¹¹B and δ¹⁸O values in water was found. It indicates common mechanisms of ¹⁰B and ¹⁸O enrichment in the mud volcanic waters. These processes are temperature-dependent. They demonstrate a significant correlation of boron concentrations ([B]) and its isotopic composition (δ¹¹B) with T(Mg-Li)-temperatures in the range from ~40 to 130^oC. Thus, the chemical ([B]) and isotopic (δ¹¹B) variations observed in the studied mud volcanic waters reflect different depths of the formation of water salt composition and, respectively, the different temperature stages of catagenetic transformation of sedimentary strata. The revealed patterns are probably related to the smectite transformation into illite, which takes place in the clayey strata of the Maikop Group and is accompanied by the release of large volumes of dehydration waters with high δ¹⁸O values (up to +14‰). The most probable source of boron with low δ¹¹B values is destructive smectites.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"60 5","pages":"527 - 552"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Search-Oriented Technique for the Numerical Forecasting of Gold Placers: Evidence from the Vagran Placer District","authors":"R. M. Chefranov,&nbsp;A. V. Lalomov,&nbsp;A. A. Bochneva","doi":"10.1134/S0024490225700105","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490225700105","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The field research and analysis of data from unpublished reports made it possible to identify two placer gold types within the Vagran placer cluster (northern Urals) that are indicators of the primary gold–sulfide–quartz and hypogenic-hypergenic mineralization. They are used as references for developing a digital system for predicting parameters and localizing primary placer gold sources. In the present work, the typomorphic characteristics of placer gold (grain size, roundness, sorting and fineness, as well as trace element content) are formalized as a quantitative assessment. These data were processed using the methods of multiplicative indicators, linear regression, and random regression tree algorithm, which make it possible to forecast the composition and localization of the primary mineralization with greater confidence and stability than ordinary parameters separately. Since the data needed for such an assessment are sufficient in unpublished reports on the sampling of heavy mineral concentrates, additional field and high-cost laboratory studies are optional. Analysis of the correlation matrix allowed to identify characteristic indicators for the primary gold–sulfide–quartz and hypogenic-hypergenic mineralization, as well as to propose recommendations for the prospecting and exploration of primary Au potential in the ore cluster. All three methods provide consistent results, making it possible to predict the parameters of primary Au content. The multiplicative coefficient calculation method, which yielded a more contrasting (prominent) result, seems to be the simplest and most generalized tool suitable for any set of consistent data, whereas other methods require a more in-depth analysis of input parameters. The proposed forecast estimation method promotes the efficiency and partial automatization of the determination of primary mineralization potential in regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"60 4","pages":"431 - 443"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemistry, Mineralogy, and Genesis of Kaolin Deposits of Kachchh, Western India and Its Possible Industrial Application","authors":"Jaymeet Solanki,&nbsp;Gaurav Chauhan,&nbsp;Bhavyata Chavada,&nbsp;Chirag Jani,&nbsp;Avinash Goswami,&nbsp;Manjari Pathak,&nbsp;Subhash Bhandari,&nbsp;M. G. Thakkar","doi":"10.1134/S0024490225700087","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490225700087","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Kaolin deposits of the Kachchh region in western India were investigated for their mineralogical, physicochemical, and geochemical characteristics in order to elucidate the genesis and potential for industrial applications. The sampling of kaolin deposits was carried out from all three physiographic divisions of Kachchh, which includes the Kachchh Mainland, Wagad Highland, and the Island Belt region. The geochemical characterizations of the kaolin were determined using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). Further, mineralogical properties were assessed to identify and quantify the mineral phases using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the micro-morphology of kaolin minerals. Diagnostic physicochemical tests like color, brightness, whiteness, pH, and particle size distribution (PSD) were explored for several possible industrial applications. The results of geochemical indices, including the chemical index of alteration (CIA), the chemical index of weathering (CIW), and the index of compositional variability (ICV) were determined to assess the weathering conditions, type of source rock involved, and genesis of kaolin deposits. The major oxide composition of kaolin from the Kachchh region is dominated by SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, and TiO₂. Kaolinite is the major phyllosilicate present in the deposit along with accessory minerals such as quartz, goethite, muscovite, and anatase. Geochemical analysis using major, trace, and rare earth elements of kaolin samples suggests provenance and environmental conditions corresponding to formation during the Cretaceous-Tertiary period. Based on the results obtained from mineralogical, geochemical, and physical analysis, the kaolin deposits require the removal of existing impurities to optimize the grades. Further, the suitable applications could be ceramics, cosmetics, rubber, plastic, paints, and paper products. Thus, this study has a significant potential to contribute to the economic development of the kaolin industries in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"60 4","pages":"457 - 475"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineral Composition of the Productive Bed and Features of Chromites in the Lukoyanov Placer District (Nizhny Novgorod Region)","authors":"A. V. Lalomov,&nbsp;A. V. Grigorieva,&nbsp;Yu. N. Ivanova,&nbsp;L. A. Ivanova,&nbsp;I. D. Gornostaev,&nbsp;E. S. Ivanova","doi":"10.1134/S0024490225700117","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490225700117","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The geological exploration within the Lukoyanov placer district (Nizhny Novgorod region) revealed increased contents of chrome-spinel, reaching a commercial level (up to 100 kg/m³), were detected in complex coastal-marine rare metal–titanium placers, but their source is not obvious. In addition to chrome-spinels, commercial components of placers are composed of ilmenite, zircon, and rutile. Morphological features of ore minerals suggest several sources of ore material (both proximal and distal). Moderately mature mineral composition of the heavy fraction (increased amount of minerals unstable during weathering) indicates that the Permian–Jurassic deposits of this region formed without (or with weak) participation of chemical weathering crusts. During the mobilization of detrital material in the source zone and the formation of intermediate reservoirs (Permian and Early Mesozoic complexes of the sedimentary cover) in the Uralian part of the East European Platform, mechanical processes prevailed with a subordinate influence of weathering crust formation. The study of the chemical composition of chrome-spinels in the most studied and promising Itmanov placer showed that they are mostly similar to counterparts in the ophiolite association and concentric zoned Pt-bearing massifs. Against the background of general impact of regional processes on the sedimentary cover formation in the central and eastern parts of the East European Platform at the Permian–Triassic boundary of the Uralide paleo-orogen, the Puchezh–Katun ring structure, located north of the Lukoyanov dome, had a noticeable influence on the composition of the heavy fraction of sediments in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"60 4","pages":"419 - 430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clastic Rocks of the Basement-Overlying Proterozoic Sedimentary Sequences: Communication 1. Clay Rocks and Main Features of Lithogeochemistry","authors":"A. V. Maslov,&nbsp;V. N. Podkovyrov,&nbsp;A. K. Khudoley,&nbsp;A. V. Kuptsova","doi":"10.1134/S0024490225700129","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490225700129","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Analysis of the bulk chemical composition of fine-grained clastic/clay rocks in several objects (Ai, Prikamsk, and Trekhgornaya formations; Mukun Group and Ust-Ilya Formation, Staraya Russa, and Vasilievsky Ostrov formations; clay rocks of the lower Vindhyan and Gwalior, Bhima, Athabasca, Libby Creek groups, and others), which participate in the Proterozoic sedimentary sequences unconformably overlying the crystalline basement, showed that their initial mineral composition was close to that of most post-Archean clay rocks. The ratio of Zr, Sc, and Th in these rocks suggests that they are composed predominantly of weakly recycled material. The share of erosion products of mafic igneous rocks among the sources of their fine-grained aluminosiliciclastics was relatively small. The features of the bulk chemical composition of such clay rocks suggest that the detrital material for them was supplied mainly from rock complexes formed in collisional and/or riftogenic settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"60 4","pages":"397 - 418"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Mineralogical and Geochemical Features of Ferromanganese Ore Deposits in the Izu-Bonin and Mariana Island Arcs","authors":"G. V. Novikov,&nbsp;V. A. Rashidov,&nbsp;O. Yu. Bogdanova","doi":"10.1134/S0024490225700099","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490225700099","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Some features of ferromanganese deposits in the Izu-Bonin and Mariana Island arcs tested in cruises 1 (1977) and 5 (1978) of the R/V <i>Vulkanolog</i> are considered. Two types of genetic (hydrogenic and low-temperature hydrothermal) deposits have been identified. The main ore minerals in hydrogenic ferromanganese deposits are poorly crystallized structures with a low ordering of Fe-vernadite and Mn-feroxyhite, with a smaller amount of goethite and birnessite. Low-temperature hydrothermal deposits consist either primarily of birnessite along with vernadite and goethite or of hematite, goethite, and feroxyhite. Hydrogenic ferromanganese deposits are characterized by a Mn/Fe ratio of 0.84‒1.36 in the Izu-Bonin and Mariana Island arcs; low-temperature hydrothermal deposits of the Izu-Bonin arc, by 6.13‒13.9. It was found that the content of Co, Ni, and Cu is significantly higher in crusts of the Mariana arc compared with the crusts of the Izu-Bonin arc. The contents of the remaining cations of heavy and rare metals (Pb, Cd, Ba, Sr, and others) in the crusts of both arcs are close to each other. The content of most rare earth metals (REM) in hydrogenic deposits from the Izu-Bonin and Mariana arcs is comparable to each other. Low-temperature hydrothermal ferromanganese deposits in the Izu-Bonin arc differ significantly from the hydrogenic deposits by a low (1 or 2 orders of magnitude) content of nonferrous, heavy, and rare metal cations. The contents of REM cations in low-temperature hydrothermal samples from the Izu-Bonin arc are low and range from 0.24 (Tm, Lu) to 32.35 µg/g (Y). Among them, Y, Ce, and Nd are most abundant in these samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"60 4","pages":"444 - 456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure and Lithological Characteristics of the Upper Jurassic Shalbuzdag Reef Massif (Northeastern Caucasus)","authors":"Yu. O. Gavrilov","doi":"10.1134/S0024490225700130","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490225700130","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The structure of the Upper Jurassic reef complex of the Shalbuzdag mountainous range (southern Dagestan) is considered. It represents the western segment of the Shakhdag barrier reef separating zones with different types of sedimentation: the shallow sedimentation area of the carbonate platform of the Greater Caucasus to the north and the Dibrara trough accumulating thick carbonate and terrigenous flysch to the south. In the plan view, the reef massif has approximately a ring shape 4 km across. It includes several large reef buildups consisting of a biogenic carbonate dome-shaped core surrounded by a trail of steeply dipping sedimentary layers. There are also numerous smaller structures, bioherms, ranging in size from a few meters to the first tens of meters. Reef-forming fauna is represented by corals, gastropods, brachiopods, various types of algae, and others. The inter-reef space is filled with sedimentary rocks, which are mainly the denudation products of reef structures. These sequences frequently show gradation cyclicity. Based on the relations between biogenic and sedimentary rocks in the western margin of the massif, at least three great pulses can be distinguished in its formation. The formation of the Shalbuzdag reef complex was mainly controlled by the following factors: (1) climate changes from humid in the Middle Jurassic to arid in the Late Jurassic, (2) proximity to the transition zone between regions with different tectonic setting and sedimentation types, 3) sea level fluctuations of different orders.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"60 4","pages":"381 - 396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of Kaolinite Accumulation in the Phanerozoic","authors":"A. D. Savko,&nbsp;A. V. Kraynov,&nbsp;N. M. Boeva","doi":"10.1134/S0024490225700026","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490225700026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Kaolin weathering profiles (WP) were formed during the continental hiatuses when the relief was flattened under warm humid conditions. In the Phanerozoic, most favorable were prolonged hiatuses (with weak tectonic movements) that promoted the formation, preservation, and burial of eluvial and other correlated formations. Such periods were marked by active crust formation identified by V.P. Petrov as early as in 1967. They can be manifested repeatedly within positive structures, such as the Voronezh anteclise. Its WPs correlate rather well with the coeval rocks in other structures of the East European Platform (EEP). However, they lack such complete sections with the WP age specified as in the Voronezh anteclise. Therefore, the Voronezh section with the specified WP levels can serve as a reference section for the EEP and, possibly, for other regions in the world on the whole. A historical–mineralogical analysis concerning the chronological formation of kaolinite clay deposits in the Phanerozoic revealed that that the kaolin WPs were thin and almost lacked deposits in the pre-Middle Devonian. They started to appear as primary and secondary kaolins in the Frasnian, but did not become widespread. In the Carboniferous period, WPs served as the sources of material for the refractory and high-melting clay deposits at the margins of coal basins with abundant vegetation. The main primary and secondary kaolin deposits were formed in the Late Triassic–Early Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. In North America, the accumulation of secondary kaolins was maximal during the Late Cretaceous and Tertiary. In the Cenozoic, the scale of kaolinite accumulation reduced considerably, as compared to the Mesozoic, giving way to the formation of bauxite concentrated in the lateritic sheet of tropical countries. During that time, over 80% of all bauxites in the Earth’s history were accumulated. Kaolin rocks in the form of eluvium, secondary kaolins, and kaolinite clays were formed mainly within the lower areas of peneplains and on alluvial plains. The obtained results showed that the evolution of kaolinite accumulation, represented mainly by primary kaolins, had an interrupted-directional trend due to the geocratic stages of the Earth’s development, increase of land areas, and flattening of elevated regions. The kaolinite deposits began to form in the Late Devonian, which was facilitated by the development of plant life on land, reached the maximum in the Mesozoic during the continental hiatuses, and slowed down in the Cenozoic. The slowdown was due to the intensification of weathering with the formation of final products of hydrolysis represented by alumina and iron oxides. Vast areas were marked by the formation of laterites instead of kaolinite accumulation in the lowered areas of peneplains and alluvial plains.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"60 3","pages":"346 - 363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Mineralogical and Geochemical Data on Placer Nephrite in the Vitim Highland, Republic of Buryatia","authors":"V. F. Sotnikova,&nbsp;R. Kh. Sungatullin,&nbsp;E. V. Kislov","doi":"10.1134/S0024490225700038","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490225700038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The material composition of placer (alluvial) dolomite-type nephrite from the Tsipa River in the nephrite-bearing region of the Vitim Highland has been examined. Initial data on the mineral composition of both inner and outer zones of the alluvial dolomite-type nephrite pebbles have been obtained. Placer nephrite is characterized by an inherited staining rim, a small amount of accessory minerals, fine-grained texture, randomly fibrous structure, and elevated alkali content. Chemical composition features of the staining rim formed under exogenous conditions include the development of Mn–Fe hydroxides, with a significant increase in the Fe³⁺ content and elevated levels of Co and Ba. A genetic relationship has been established between the placer nephrite and its primary source (nephrite from the Kavokta deposit). Comparison between primary and placer dolomite-type nephrite promoted the identification of diagnostic characteristics for conducting expert assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"60 3","pages":"333 - 345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemical Characteristics and Environmental Significance of Muttom Coastal Teri Formation, Kanyakumari District, Southern India","authors":"V. Perumal,&nbsp;K. Prabakaran,&nbsp;A. V. Udayanapillai,&nbsp;S. Bangaru Priyanga,&nbsp;T. Kongeswaran,&nbsp;R. Muthuramalingam,&nbsp;A. Muruganantham,&nbsp;K. Sivakumar,&nbsp;S. Venkatramanan","doi":"10.1134/S0024490225700014","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0024490225700014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Teri sands along coastal regions are distinguished by their unique red coloring. This study aims to investigate geochemical characteristics and mineralogical composition of these sediments, assess the degree of weathering in the source area, and determine the environmental factors influencing their formation. The well-sorted, finely skewed sediments reflect a fluvio-marine environment and are classified as lithic arenites or wackes. Petrographic and X-ray diffraction analyses highlight the dominance of quartz and feldspar, with accessory minerals such as rutile, ilmenite, zircon, garnet, diopside, magnetite, hematite, hypersthene, and biotite. The Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) values suggest moderate to high weathering in the source area. The red coloration is attributed to the oxidation and leaching of iron-bearing minerals, driven by high rainfall and fluctuating groundwater levels in arid to semi-arid climates. Major oxides like SiO₂, Al₂O₃, and Fe₂O₃ are abundant, while MnO, CaO, MgO, K₂O, TiO₂, P₂O₅, and Na₂O occur in lower concentrations. Trace elements, including Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn, Sr, Ga, Rb, Ba, Y, Nb, and Pb, are present in &gt;10 ppm, with gallium being the most concentrated. The rare earth elements (REEs) patterns show enrichment in light REEs, with a flat trend for heavy REEs, featuring a negative europium anomaly and a positive cerium anomaly. These findings suggest that the sediments originated from felsic sources, likely dating to the Post-Archean or Proterozoic era. The study provides valuable insights into the Teri sands provenance, weathering processes, and environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18150,"journal":{"name":"Lithology and Mineral Resources","volume":"60 3","pages":"364 - 380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}