Limnology and Oceanography: Methods最新文献

{"title":"A simple, safe method for preserving dissolved methane in freshwater samples using benzalkonium chloride","authors":"Ken'ichi Osaka,&nbsp;Reina Nagata,&nbsp;Moegi Inoue,&nbsp;Masayuki Itoh,&nbsp;Shoko Hosoi-Tanabe,&nbsp;Hiroki Iwata","doi":"10.1002/lom3.10632","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lom3.10632","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Methane (CH₄) dissolved in water is readily consumed by CH₄-oxidizing bacteria, so the possibility of the dissolved CH₄ concentration (dCH₄) in sampled water changing before analysis is a concern. To determine the accurate in situ dCH₄ level, mercury chloride (HgCl₂) or sodium azide (NaN₃) is traditionally used for sample preservation. However, these preservatives are very toxic and great care must be taken when adding them to samples. Benzalkonium chloride (BAC), a quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant, is a readily available disinfectant that is less harmful to the human body than HgCl₂, NaN₃, and other preservatives. In this study, we investigated the usefulness of BAC in preserving dCH₄ in swamp water, which is a critical terrestrial source of CH₄. The dCH₄ in samples without BAC decreased immediately after sample collection, whereas the dCH₄ in the samples with added BAC did not change significantly for at least 15 d. In addition, when BAC was added to 18 water samples with different water chemistries, the dCH₄ did not change significantly from immediately after sampling to 1 week after sampling (average difference: 3%). Thus, in the water samples used in this study, BAC effectively preserved dCH₄ in the samples for at least 1 week. Further testing of the effect of BAC on the preservation of dCH₄ in different types of water samples worldwide will help to establish a more complete, simple, and safe method.</p>","PeriodicalId":18145,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","volume":"22 8","pages":"536-547"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141576251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the eDNA spatial signal in natural populations and its application for the monitoring of the threatened Harttiella (Siluriformes, Loricariidae)","authors":"Céline Condachou,&nbsp;Opale Coutant,&nbsp;Sébastien Brosse,&nbsp;Jérôme Murienne","doi":"10.1002/lom3.10634","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lom3.10634","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To face the current downward trajectory of freshwater biodiversity loss, the implementation of effective biodiversity monitoring programs is of utmost importance. Environmental DNA offers unprecedented opportunities for this aim but several challenges still need to be addressed before implementing efficient species monitoring using eDNA. One of them is optimizing the eDNA sampling scheme to maximize the eDNA detection probability. For instance, in flowing freshwaters, the transport of eDNA downstream from its source can impact the eDNA detection probability, and blur the link between eDNA detection and the local occurrence of the species. Here, we investigated the eDNA spatial range of <i>Harttiella lucifer</i> (Siluriformes, Loricariidae), a threatened neotropical siluriform fish inhabiting French Guianese mountain streams, and confined to waterfalls and fast-flowing environments. Environmental samples were collected at 11 sites from the <i>H. lucifer</i> population to 2000 m downstream. A species-specific dPCR approach was applied to quantify the amount of DNA present in each sample and evaluate the eDNA detection probability of <i>H. lucifer</i> according to the distance from its source. Results showed an accumulation of eDNA at 50 and 100 m downstream from <i>H. lucifer</i> population. The evaluation of detection probabilities revealed that 300 m downstream from <i>H. lucifer</i> population, the probability of detection drops to 50%. This study suggests that eDNA drift in neotropical small streams is limited to a few tens meters downstream. These findings demonstrate that in neotropical small streams, eDNA provides a picture of the local fish fauna rather than integrating information over large spatial scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":18145,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","volume":"22 9","pages":"660-669"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lom3.10634","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141552770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standard metrics for characterizing episodic salinization in freshwater systems","authors":"J. A. Neville,&nbsp;R. E. Emanuel,&nbsp;N. G. Nelson,&nbsp;E. S. Bernhardt,&nbsp;M. Ardón","doi":"10.1002/lom3.10629","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lom3.10629","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Salinization threatens freshwater resources and freshwater-dependent wetlands in coastal areas worldwide. Many research efforts focus on gradual or chronic salinization, but the phenomenon is also episodic in nature, particularly in small streams and artificial waterways. In surface waters, salinization events may coincide with storms, droughts, wind tides, and other episodic events. A lack of standardized quantitative methods and metrics for describing and discussing episodic salinization hinders cross-disciplinary efforts by scientists and others to analyze, discuss, and make recommendations concerning these events. Here, we present a set of metrics that use statistics which describe flow characteristics in rivers and streams as a template for empirically describing and characterizing salinization events. We developed a set of metrics to quantify the duration, magnitude, and other characteristics of episodic salinization, and we apply the metrics to extensive time-series data from a field site in coastal North Carolina. We then demonstrate the utility of these metrics by coupling them with ancillary data to perform an unsupervised classification that groups individual salinization events by their primary meteorological driver. We provide simple and flexible code needed to compute metrics in any environment experiencing salinization events in hopes that it will facilitate more standardized approaches to the quantification and study of widespread freshwater salinization.</p>","PeriodicalId":18145,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","volume":"22 9","pages":"647-659"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lom3.10629","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141500703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pelagic ecosystem research incubators (PERIcosms): optimized incubation tanks to investigate natural communities under long term, low nutrient, and low metal conditions","authors":"Emily A. Seelen,&nbsp;Emily Townsend,&nbsp;Samantha J. Gleich,&nbsp;David A. Caron,&nbsp;Mathilde Dugenne,&nbsp;Angelicque E. White,&nbsp;David M. Karl,&nbsp;Seth G. John","doi":"10.1002/lom3.10628","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lom3.10628","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In vitro incubations using natural marine communities can provide insight into community structure and function in ways that are challenging through field observations alone. We have designed a minimal metal incubation system for controlled and repeatable experimentation of microbial communities. The systems, dubbed Pelagic Ecosystem Research Incubators (PERIcosms), are 115 L, conical tanks designed to sample suspended, settled, and wall associated material for month long periods. PERIcosms combine some of the ecological advantages of large volume mesocosm incubations with the experimental ease and replication of bottle incubations, and their design is accessible for use by researchers without specialized training or travel to a designated incubation facility. Here, we provide a detailed description for the construction and implementation of PERIcosms and demonstrate their potential to promote replicable, diverse communities for several weeks under clean conditions using time-series results from two field experiments. One field experiment utilized coastal waters collected from Santa Catalina Island, CA and the other oligotrophic waters collected offshore of Honolulu, HI. Biomass metrics (chlorophyll a and particulate carbon) along with 16S/18S DNA based community composition assessments were conducted to show that communities contained within PERIcosms remained alive and diverse for several weeks using a semi-continuous culturing approach. We detail trace metal clean techniques that can be used to minimize external contamination, particularly for low dissolved iron environments. PERIcosms have the potential to facilitate natural community incubations which are needed to continue advancing our understanding of microbial ecology and geochemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":18145,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","volume":"22 8","pages":"548-571"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lom3.10628","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141500752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Underway measurement of cyanobacterial microcystins using a surface plasmon resonance sensor on an autonomous underwater vehicle","authors":"William Ussler III,&nbsp;Gregory J. Doucette,&nbsp;Christina M. Preston,&nbsp;Chloe Weinstock,&nbsp;Nadia Allaf,&nbsp;Brent Roman,&nbsp;Scott Jensen,&nbsp;Kevan Yamahara,&nbsp;Louise A. Lingerfelt,&nbsp;Christina M. Mikulski,&nbsp;Brett W. Hobson,&nbsp;Brian Kieft,&nbsp;Ben-Yair Raanan,&nbsp;Yanwu Zhang,&nbsp;Reagan M. Errera,&nbsp;Steven A. Ruberg,&nbsp;Paul A. Den Uyl,&nbsp;Kelly D. Goodwin,&nbsp;Scott D. Soelberg,&nbsp;Clement E. Furlong,&nbsp;James M. Birch,&nbsp;Christopher A. Scholin","doi":"10.1002/lom3.10627","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lom3.10627","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Freshwater cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CHABs) are a well-known global public health threat. Monitoring and early detection of CHAB toxins are currently accomplished using labor-intensive sampling techniques and subsequent shore-based analyses, with results typically reported 24–48 h after sample collection. We have developed and implemented an uncrewed, autonomous mobile sampler-analytical system capable of conducting targeted in situ toxin measurements in &lt; 2 h. A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) instrument was combined with the environmental sample processor (ESP) to fully automate detection and quantification of particle-associated cyanobacterial microcystins (pMC). This sensor-sampler system was integrated with a long-range autonomous underwater vehicle (LRAUV) and deployed in western Lake Erie for field trials in the summer of 2021. The LRAUV was remotely piloted to acquire samples at selected locations within and adjacent to a CHAB. Sixteen pMC measurements ranging from 0.09 to 0.55 <i>μ</i>g/L lake water were obtained over a 14-day period without recovery of the LRAUV. The SPR/ESP/LRAUV system complements existing satellite, aerial, and manual sampling CHAB survey techniques, and could be used to enhance predictive models that underpin bloom and toxicity forecasts. This system is also extensible to detection of other algal toxins in freshwater and marine environments, with its near real-time assessment of bloom toxin levels potentially offering additional socioeconomic benefits and public health protection in a variety of settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":18145,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","volume":"22 9","pages":"681-699"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lom3.10627","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141351363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Amazon River plume—a Lagrangian view","authors":"Joachim W. Dippner,&nbsp;Joseph P. Montoya,&nbsp;Ajit Subramaniam,&nbsp;Jacqueline Umbricht,&nbsp;Maren Voss","doi":"10.1002/lom3.10626","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lom3.10626","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hydrographic data, nutrient data and bulk rates of nitrate uptake and primary production were determined in the Amazon River plume (ARP) in the Western Tropical North Atlantic (WTNA) during three cruises in May 2018, June/July 2019, with RV Endeavor and April/May 2021 with RV Meteor. Using daily quasi-geostrophic surface velocity data from satellite observations, the geographical positions of the stations of observations were transformed onto Lagrangian coordinates to obtain a dynamically coherent and consistent spatial distribution. After the transformation, the observed surface salinity and temperature fields were consistent with the flow fields, the ARP formed a coherent structure and the retroflection of the North Brazil Current became visible. By transforming other surface variables such as nitrate concentration, photosynthetically available radiation, turbidity, bulk rates of nitrate uptake, and primary production onto Lagrangian coordinates, patterns became consistent with the physical variables at the surface. The use of “synchronous” fields as done here by transformation onto Lagrangian coordinates is essential for spatially structured analyses of data collected over tens of days in a highly dynamic region characterized by complex flow fields with low persistence such as the WTNA. Therefore, the use of the Lagrangian method provides a powerful tool for exploring spatial distributions of biologically relevant factors in regions with complex and dynamic flow patterns. These spatial distributions are qualitatively in agreement with satellite images of daily sea surface temperature and composites of monthly mean Chlorophyll a distributions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18145,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","volume":"22 8","pages":"572-589"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lom3.10626","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141190767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating ethanol correction factors for δ13C and δ15N isotopic signatures of freshwater zooplankton from multiple lakes","authors":"Tristan Blechinger,&nbsp;Denver Link,&nbsp;Jenna K.R. Nelson,&nbsp;Gretchen J.A. Hansen","doi":"10.1002/lom3.10623","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lom3.10623","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In freshwater systems, δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N stable isotopes can be used to differentiate between pelagic and littoral energy sources and to quantify trophic position. In these ecosystems, crustacean zooplankton are frequently used to characterize the pelagic baseline. Zooplankton samples are often preserved prior to processing and analysis, which can affect isotopic signatures. Variability in preservation effects across studies make it difficult to determine if and how to correct for preservation effects. Here, we develop a correction factor for ethanol preservation and present a flexible statistical method that can be updated with additional data to increase its applicability. We collected zooplankton from five lakes in Minnesota, USA encompassing wide isotopic ranges (δ¹³C from −37.23‰ to −23.96‰; δ¹⁵N from 3.07‰ to 14.44‰). Changes in zooplankton δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N signatures were quantified using a Bayesian hierarchical model predicting fresh values from ethanol-preserved values. Ethanol preservation increased δ¹³C by a factor of 1.158 (95% CI 0.866–1.441) and had a negligible effect on δ¹⁵N (slope = 1.077; 95% CI 0.833–1.359). Lake-specific values did not differ from the overall relationship. K-fold and leave-one-out cross validation tests verified that both models were accurate; RMSE of predicted δ¹³C = 0.701 and RMSE of predicted δ¹⁵N = 0.590. Our correction factors could be applied to other systems in which baseline δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values fall within the range of our study, and this approach also enables the inclusion of data from additional lakes to estimate new corrections.</p>","PeriodicalId":18145,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","volume":"22 7","pages":"464-472"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lom3.10623","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141190628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lab on a Secchi disk: A prototype open-source profiling package for low-cost monitoring in aquatic environments","authors":"Robert J. W. Brewin,&nbsp;Thomas G. Brewin,&nbsp;Philip J. Bresnahan,&nbsp;Keiley Davis,&nbsp;Xuerong Sun,&nbsp;Nicola Wilson,&nbsp;Lars Brunner,&nbsp;Giorgio Dall'Olmo","doi":"10.1002/lom3.10624","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lom3.10624","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Owing to the high cost of commercial optical sensors, there is a need to develop low-cost optical sensing packages to expand monitoring of aquatic environments, particularly in under-resourced regions. Visual methods to monitor the optical properties of water, like the Secchi disk and Forel-Ule color scale, remain in use in the modern era owing to their simplicity, low-cost and long history of use. Yet, recent years have seen advances in low-cost, electronic-based optical sensing. Here, the designs of a miniaturized hand-held device (mini-Secchi disk) that measures the Secchi depth and Forel-Ule color are updated. We then extend the device by integrating a small electronic sensing package (Arduino-based) into the Secchi disk, for vertical profiling, combining historic and modern methods for monitoring the optical properties of water into a single, low-cost sensing device, that measures positioning (GPS), light spectra, temperature, and pressure. It is charged and transfers data wirelessly, is encased in epoxy resin, and can be used to derive vertical profiles of spectral light attenuation and temperature, in addition to Secchi depth and Forel-Ule color. We present data from a series of deployments of the package, compare its performance with commercially available instruments, and demonstrate its use for validation of satellite remotely sensed data. Our designs are made openly available to promote community-based development and have potential in communicating and teaching science, participatory science, and low-cost monitoring of aquatic environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":18145,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","volume":"22 7","pages":"507-526"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lom3.10624","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141112606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small-scale measurement of fracture toughness of muddy marine sediments via bubble injection","authors":"Anika S. Cho,&nbsp;Kelly M. Dorgan,&nbsp;Grant Lockridge","doi":"10.1002/lom3.10625","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lom3.10625","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Muddy marine sediments are elastic materials in which bubbles grow and worms extend their burrows by fracture. Bubble growth and burrowing behavior are dependent on the stiffness and fracture toughness (<i>K</i>_Ic) of these muds. This article describes a custom laboratory apparatus to measure the fracture toughness of muddy, cohesive sediments using a bubble injection method. The system induces fracture in sediment samples by incrementally injecting air through a needle inserted into the sediment. The increasing pneumatic pressure is monitored until it drops abruptly, indicating bubble formation. Fracture toughness is then calculated from the peak pressure at which fracture occurred, following cavitation rheology methods developed for soft gels. The system has produced measurements that compare well to previous data but with better spatial resolution, allowing for characterization of spatial heterogeneity on small scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":18145,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","volume":"22 8","pages":"527-535"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lom3.10625","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141059115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using a long-range autonomous underwater vehicle to find and sample harmful algal blooms in Lake Erie","authors":"Yanwu Zhang,&nbsp;Brian Kieft,&nbsp;Brett W. Hobson,&nbsp;Ben-Yair Raanan,&nbsp;William Ussler III,&nbsp;Christina M. Preston,&nbsp;Reagan M. Errera,&nbsp;Paul A. Den Uyl,&nbsp;Andrea Vander Woude,&nbsp;Gregory J. Doucette,&nbsp;Steven A. Ruberg,&nbsp;Kelly D. Goodwin,&nbsp;James M. Birch,&nbsp;Christopher A. Scholin","doi":"10.1002/lom3.10621","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lom3.10621","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) in the Great Lakes pose risks to residential drinking water use, fisheries, and recreation. Active mitigation of these risks requires rapid detection of CyanoHABs and quantification of the toxins they produce. Here, we present a method of using a long-range autonomous underwater vehicle (LRAUV) equipped with a 3^rd-generation Environmental Sample Processor (3G-ESP) to search for and adaptively sample areas of high chlorophyll potentially representative of CyanoHAB biomass. In August 2021, this method was used in western Lake Erie. The experiment highlighted the effectiveness of the LRAUV autonomous search-and-sample methodology, and demonstrated how an interdisciplinary team located in different states virtually coordinated LRAUV operations and directed sampling activities via Internet connectivity using shared, web-based situational awareness tools. The advancements made provide a foundation for future work to increase LRAUV autonomy and adaptiveness for CyanoHAB studies and monitoring in both freshwater and marine settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":18145,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","volume":"22 7","pages":"473-483"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lom3.10621","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140802220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}