Limnology and Oceanography: Methods最新文献

{"title":"CardiacDP: An R package for rapid automated cardiac data processing, integrating autocorrelation, a genetic algorithm, and a tracking index","authors":"Sarah L. Y. Lau,&nbsp;Adrian T. C. Wong,&nbsp;Yi-Fei Gu,&nbsp;Tin Yan Hui","doi":"10.1002/lom3.70055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Heart rate is a popular proxy of physiological responses, but the highly complex and variable cardiac data obtained from organisms such as marine invertebrates pose a major challenge to efficient and accurate data processing. To address this, we developed a novel, integrative algorithm for rapid and automated cardiac data processing. This algorithm primarily employs autocorrelation for time series analysis to identify recurrent heartbeats and compute heart rates from their periods. A genetic algorithm framework was used to implement such an autocorrelative analysis to filter out noise and extract meaningful signals, maximizing data utilization. A tracking index is also incorporated to reference previous timepoints and reduce errors associated with complex waveforms. To evaluate its performance, we compared the algorithm estimates to manually obtained heart rates of 33 individuals of marine invertebrates (from nine species of gastropods, bivalves, and crustaceans). The results showed that these features collectively improve data utilization (mean percentage count &gt; 90%) and accuracy (mean absolute percentage error = 3%). By avoiding reliance on any predetermined characteristics, this algorithm can not only accommodate case-by-case variability and thus be applicable to diverse taxa, but also potentially extend to analyze periodicity in other biological time series data such as valvometry, acoustics and movement patterns. As an open-source tool, this algorithm encourages collaborative efforts and further developments that refine and expand its applications, thereby enhancing our capabilities in physiological monitoring and analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":18145,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","volume":"24 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lom3.70055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148667540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual movement modeling expands the power of migratory species observations: North Atlantic right whale case study","authors":"Abigail M. Kreuser,&nbsp;Daniel E. Pendleton,&nbsp;Nicholas R. Record,&nbsp;Erin L. Meyer-Gutbrod","doi":"10.1002/lom3.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding a population's distribution depends on observing the presence and movement of individuals throughout their range. For highly mobile marine species, these observations typically rely on high effort monitoring programs. Tracking enough individuals to understand trends in movement behavior is not always logistically feasible, and animals are less likely to be observed in migratory or transitional habitats. To optimize observation data we built a Brownian bridge movement model to generate spatially and temporally explicit space use estimations of individuals along tracks created from intermittent sightings of North Atlantic right whales from 1980 to 2022. Right whales can be identified by unique callosities and markings, providing a noninvasive opportunity to link sightings to individual movement. This model generated location probability estimates of medium- and large-scale movements in biologically plausible habitats. A total of 351,214 d of occurrence distributions were calculated from 67,840 sightings attributed to 806 individuals, representing more than a five-fold increase in individual spatial information. From 1980 to 2022, the model generated space use estimates for at least one whale on 75.7% of days, compared to the underlying visual sightings data, which only provided observations on 38.7% of days. Model outputs compared to tracks of tagged whales demonstrated proficiency estimating space use across regions. The occurrence distributions produced depict known changes in seasonal and decadal space use and estimate transitional space use where observations are sparse. These methods improve spatial distribution predictions in intermittently observed animals and expand the utility of stationary sightings without constraining predictions to historical relationships with the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":18145,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","volume":"24 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lom3.70049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148373628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining the Underwater Vision Profiler 6 with sediment traps to measure in situ velocity of marine particles","authors":"Manon Laget,&nbsp;Alexandre Accardo,&nbsp;Marc Picheral,&nbsp;Camille Catalano,&nbsp;Lionel Guidi,&nbsp;Tristan Biard","doi":"10.1002/lom3.70052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Particles sinking from the surface to the deep ocean play a key role in the biological carbon pump, whose efficiency depends partly on sinking velocities. Over the last decade, in situ imaging has enabled critical advances in our understanding of particle dynamics in the ocean. Yet, in situ velocity measurements are scarce and often inferred only from the bulk population of particles. Here, we introduce the <i>VisuTrap</i>, a new tool to measure in situ velocities of marine particles. It consists of an Underwater Vision Profiler 6 (UVP6) camera inserted into different types of sediment traps, which isolate a volume of water. Continuous image acquisition during short-term or long-term deployments enables reconstruction of particle tracks and estimation of their in situ vertical velocities. We detail the configuration and special UVP6 settings for this application, as well as the image processing and track analysis pipeline. Then, we present results from several experiments in the Mediterranean Sea to illustrate the <i>VisuTrap</i>'s use as a new approach to understand the dynamical behavior of marine particles in situ. In light of the broad range of morphological data generated by the UVP6, we discuss technical additions to refine in situ velocity measurements and the possibility of integrating such data into carbon flux assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":18145,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","volume":"24 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lom3.70052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148373056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncertainty in aquatic greenhouse gas flux estimates arises from subjective processing of floating chamber time series","authors":"Camille Minaudo,&nbsp;Miguel Cabrera-Brufau,&nbsp;Jorge Juan Montes-Pérez,&nbsp;Katrin Attermeyer,&nbsp;Antonio Camacho,&nbsp;Alba Camacho-Santamans,&nbsp;Constantin Cazacu,&nbsp;Relu Giuca,&nbsp;Ana Lillebø,&nbsp;Benjamin Misteli,&nbsp;Daniel Morant,&nbsp;Biel Obrador,&nbsp;Bruna R.F. Oliveira,&nbsp;Jolita Petkuviené,&nbsp;Antonio Picazo Mozo,&nbsp;Carlos Rochera,&nbsp;Daniel von Schiller","doi":"10.1002/lom3.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate quantification of greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes from aquatic systems is essential for constraining regional and global carbon budgets. Closed floating chambers are widely used to measure carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) fluxes at the water–air interface, yet large uncertainties persist due to subjective processing of chamber time series. In particular, the treatment of nonlinear patterns and abrupt events such as ebullition often relies on expert judgment, which may strongly influence flux estimates. We present the first quantitative assessment of bias arising from expert subjectivity in the processing of floating chamber measurements. Seventeen researchers, all of whom participated in field sampling, independently evaluated a common dataset of 794 incubations from 36 European coastal wetlands. Each expert visually selected valid data segments and flagged abnormal time series prior to flux calculation. In total, 2679 manual inspections were compared with fully automated flux estimates based on untrimmed time series. Experts showed substantial variability in flagging abnormal measurements and handling nonlinear or irregular concentration patterns. While flux variability was generally low for most CO₂ and CH₄ incubations, disagreements exceeded 100% for curved or temporally complex time series. For CH₄, ebullition was a major source of divergence, but marked variability also occurred when ebullition contributed only marginally to total fluxes. This methodological experiment demonstrates that expert judgment introduces significant, previously unquantified uncertainty into aquatic GHG flux estimates. We advocate for transparent, standardized, and reproducible data-processing workflows, including automated tools for objective identification and treatment of nonlinearities.</p>","PeriodicalId":18145,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","volume":"24 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lom3.70054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148373404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method for quantifying dissolved black carbon","authors":"Robyn C. O'Halloran,&nbsp;Jill F. Kerrigan,&nbsp;Ryan M. Kim,&nbsp;Yu-Ping Chin","doi":"10.1002/lom3.70041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dissolved black carbon (DBC) is an important component of dissolved organic matter (DOM), and it plays an essential role in global carbon cycling through its ubiquity and roles in mediating biogeochemical and environmental reactions. Currently, DBC in DOM is quantified by oxidation with nitric acid to produce benzene polycarboxylic acids (BPCAs) and subsequently measured by ion-pair reverse-phase liquid (IP-RP) chromatography with photodiode array (PDA) detection. This popular method relies solely on retention times and light absorbance for analyte identification and quantitation, leading to potential errors if co-eluting and light absorbing non-BPCA compounds are present. Moreover, this method is incompatible with mass spectrometry (MS) detection due to its mobile phase composition. To address these limitations, our study evaluated an alternative MS-compatible quantification method that can be used to corroborate DBC values determined by IP-RP. This alternative method separates the target analytes using multi-mode ion exchange-reverse phase columns that elute the necessary BPCAs with MS-friendly mobile phases. We analyzed various DOM samples from different environments. Detection was performed using high-performance liquid chromatograph with both a PDA and a single quadrupole electrospray ionization mass spectrometer detector arranged in series. This MS-friendly method enabled us to identify BPCA with higher confidence relative to methods that rely solely on retention times and PDA light absorbance, while also introducing the potential for superior limits of detection relative to current methods in future studies utilizing higher sensitivity tandem MS instruments.</p>","PeriodicalId":18145,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","volume":"24 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148373368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid correction of hydrogen stable isotope ratios in fish","authors":"Kang Wang,&nbsp;Mikko Kiljunen,&nbsp;Jos Schilder,&nbsp;Heikki Hämäläinen,&nbsp;Kimmo K. Kahilainen,&nbsp;Roger I. Jones","doi":"10.1002/lom3.70050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lipids are known to affect stable isotope ratio of organisms, especially δ¹³C values, and simple arithmetic lipid-correction procedures have been developed based on the carbon to nitrogen ratio (C : N) that is a proxy for lipid content. Equivalent issues will likely arise with the increasing use of hydrogen isotopes in ecology, but as yet no procedure has been available to handle this. We extracted lipids from muscle and from whole fish using a standard chemical extraction procedure. Using isotope ratio mass spectrometry, we then compared the δ²H values of untreated tissues, lipid-extracted tissues, and the extracted lipids. In the process of performing carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis on the same sample, elemental data on carbon and nitrogen content were obtained simultaneously. Using these data, we determined the relationship between lipid concentration and C : N. Extracted lipids were strongly depleted in the heavy isotope of hydrogen, so that tissues from which lipids had been extracted had higher δ²H values than those of untreated tissues. The lipid content of the samples was directly related to their C : N, so the change in tissue δ²H values following lipid extraction was also strongly dependent on tissue C : N. This strong dependence allowed the development of a simple arithmetic procedure to correct δ²H values for variations in tissue lipid content. Arithmetic correction offers a way to normalize δ²H values from animal tissues with respect to the variations in lipid content and can find wide application in ecological studies using hydrogen isotopes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18145,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","volume":"24 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lom3.70050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148373527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncertainty assessment for a novel optically shallow water radiometric acquisition platform","authors":"Raphaël Mabit,&nbsp;Simon Bélanger,&nbsp;Pascal Bernatchez","doi":"10.1002/lom3.70053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We present a novel motorized platform, a custom-built jet-ski designed for acoustic and radiometric measurements in optically shallow coastal waters. This platform integrates in-water radiometers with single-beam and multi-beam acoustic sensors, along with a suite of active and passive instruments (conductivity-temperature-depth, fluorescence, and backscattering sensors). Such a configuration is particularly well-suited for environments where water depth, bottom type, and optical properties must be jointly characterized. Here, we perform a detailed assessment of the platform's design and its impact on the uncertainty of radiometric measurements and derived apparent optical properties (AOPs). Using a Monte Carlo approach, we propagated uncertainties associated with radiometric measurements, sensor depth, platform tilt, and self-shading corrections. The total uncertainty budget was decomposed to identify the relative contribution of each component. Our results show that over half of the total uncertainty originates from upwelling radiance measurements at two depths near the sea–air interface. The shallower sensor (<span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>∼</mo>\u0000 </mrow></math> 15 cm) contributes 37–48% of the uncertainty, while the deeper sensor (<span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>∼</mo>\u0000 </mrow></math> 30 cm) accounts for 19–27%. Downwelling irradiance above the surface contributes an additional 12–20%. Overall, the uncertainty associated with in-water radiometry from the jet-ski was comparable to that of above-water systems (e.g., HyperSAS) operated simultaneously at two stations. These findings support the use of the jet-ski platform for research applications in optically shallow waters, offering a reliable and mobile solution for spatially extensive sampling and remote sensing validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18145,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","volume":"24 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lom3.70053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148373273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An approach for merging colored dissolved organic matter absorption measurements from complementary benchtop spectrometers","authors":"Graham Trolley,&nbsp;Kelsey Allen,&nbsp;Antonio Mannino","doi":"10.1002/lom3.70044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Absorption of light by colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) is often measured for in situ samples using benchtop spectrophotometers, whose valid wavelength ranges are set by the CDOM concentration of the sample and by instrument constraints such as linear response limit and instrument uncertainty. As tools for algorithm development, calibration, and validation, these measurements are most useful when they report CDOM absorption coefficients across the greatest wavelength range, which often means extending further into ultraviolet wavelengths. To maximize the reported spectral range while delivering the highest-quality measurements across ultraviolet–visible wavelengths we developed and evaluated two approaches, the value threshold and percent difference approaches, to combine CDOM absorption spectra of the same sample measured on two different spectrophotometers that have different but overlapping spectral ranges. Colored dissolved organic matter absorption measurements from 1001 samples were examined, which were sourced from nine different field campaigns with broad optical water type properties. The value threshold approach successfully produces a merged product with larger spectral range for coastal ocean and open ocean samples, transitioning between the input measurements over a span of 40–80 nm where both measurements are valid based on the instrument characteristics of linear response limit and instrument uncertainty. The percent difference approach relies on the percent difference between spectra from the two instruments and works for coastal ocean waters but fails for most open ocean samples where there is more uncertainty proportional to CDOM signal. The value threshold approach can be modified to reduce noise propagation in the merged product and can also be adapted for use with other benchtop spectrometer models, making it highly generalizable.</p>","PeriodicalId":18145,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","volume":"24 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148373528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An in situ stereo-imaging system for characterizing behavior, distributions, and aggregations of meso- and macro-zooplankton in diverse aquatic environments","authors":"Sumit Dass,&nbsp;Alexis Base,&nbsp;Karuna Agarwal,&nbsp;Aditya R. Nayak","doi":"10.1002/lom3.70043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Zooplankton play a critical role in aquatic ecosystems, serving as a key link in food webs and contributing to nutrient cycling and the biological pump. Despite their importance, challenges remain in capturing high-resolution in situ data, especially for understanding zooplankton behavior and aggregation across multiple size classes. This study introduces a custom-built stereo-imaging system capable of precise spatial 3D estimation, enabling characterization of individual and group behavioral observations of meso- and macrozooplankton and other organisms (e.g., micronekton) in the ~ 0.5 mm to 9 cm size range in their natural habitats. The stereo-imaging system employs two high-resolution monochrome cameras, offering real-time visualization and adaptive sampling. Laboratory validation experiments demonstrated consistent and reliable performance across various configurations for spatial 3D measurement within the imaging volume, with overall coefficients of variation &lt; 2%. Field deployments successfully highlighted the in situ observational capabilities of the system, with data processing allowing for computation of both individual and aggregation metrics, including but not limited to organism swimming speeds and acceleration, swarm/school densities, orientation, polarization order, and nearest neighbor distances. The comprehensive observations enabled by the stereo-imaging system can potentially offer valuable insights into complex behavioral patterns, social interactions, and predator–prey dynamics, highlighting how future applications in targeted studies could enhance our understanding of meso- and macrozooplankton ecology.</p>","PeriodicalId":18145,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","volume":"24 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148174398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A lightweight clear liquid optical chamber baited remote underwater video system for monitoring fish in turbid coastal wetlands","authors":"Hsin-Wei Huang,&nbsp;Yu-Jia Lin,&nbsp;Jing-Ying Wu,&nbsp;Meng-Hsien Chen","doi":"10.1002/lom3.70040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Clear liquid optical chamber baited remote underwater video systems (CLOC-BRUV) are an effective option for assessing fish assemblages in turbid water, but current designs are limited by their large size and high operational costs. We developed a lightweight CLOC-BRUV unit and evaluated its performance through proof-of-concept trials and field deployments in the highly turbid waters of the Sicao Wetland, western Taiwan. The operational CLOC-BRUV design (50 kg in full operation) retained the optical advantages of earlier large designs and can be deployed manually from small vessels without any lifting devices, substantially reducing logistical and operational costs. Monthly deployments of CLOC-BRUV recorded 440 individuals from 13 families, including mullets, gobies, sea catfish, snappers, and penaeid prawns, which are important food items for the endangered black-faced spoonbill <i>Platalea minor</i>. Fish taxa composition differed markedly from that obtained using netted fish traps, indicating methodological complementarity. Nighttime deployments yielded dramatically higher detection rates than daytime surveys, suggesting pronounced nocturnal habitat use by several taxa. Our findings demonstrate that our CLOC-BRUV units can serve as an effective, scalable, and low-impact tool for monitoring fish communities in turbid coastal waters, where conventional visual methods usually perform poorly.</p>","PeriodicalId":18145,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","volume":"24 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lom3.70040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148174750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}