Limnology and Oceanography: Methods最新文献

{"title":"Toward an ecologically realistic experimental system to investigate the multigenerational effects of ocean warming and acidification on benthic invertebrates","authors":"Frédéric Gazeau,&nbsp;Pierre Urrutti,&nbsp;Alexandre Dousset,&nbsp;Nicolas Brodu,&nbsp;Marion Richard,&nbsp;Rémi Villeneuve,&nbsp;Éric Pruvost,&nbsp;Steeve Comeau,&nbsp;Hugo Koechlin,&nbsp;Fabrice Pernet","doi":"10.1002/lom3.10630","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lom3.10630","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Human activities over the past 150 yr have led to significant carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, causing global warming and ocean acidification. Surface ocean temperature has risen by 0.93°C since 1850, with projections of an additional +1.42°C to 3.47°C by 2080–2099. Ocean acidification, driven by CO₂ absorption, has already lowered seawater pH by 0.1 units, affecting calcifying organisms, including shelled mollusks. Long-term multigenerational studies on mollusk responses to both ocean acidification and warming, under realistic environmental conditions, are scarce. To address this knowledge gap, two mobile experimental units that can be deployed at the vicinity of shellfish farming areas were developed within the framework of the CocoriCO₂ project. The experimental systems were designed to manipulate temperature and pH as offsets from ambient conditions. The experimental units have shown their effectiveness in terms of controlling and maintaining pH and temperature to assess the multigenerational effects of ocean warming and acidification on benthic invertebrates. Finally, the developed experimental systems can be modified easily to provide an educated assessment of the impact of other relevant environmental changes such as deoxygenation and changes in salinity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18145,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","volume":"22 10","pages":"738-751"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lom3.10630","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141741153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytoplankton primary productivity: A dual-incubation approach for direct comparison of photosystem II photosynthetic flux (JVPII) and 14C-fixation experiments","authors":"Nina Schuback,&nbsp;Kevin Oxborough,&nbsp;Mary Burkitt-Gray,&nbsp;Patricia López-García,&nbsp;Matthew D. Patey,&nbsp;Emily Hammermeister,&nbsp;Alan Wright,&nbsp;C. Mark Moore","doi":"10.1002/lom3.10635","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lom3.10635","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Singe-turnover active chlorophyll <i>a</i> fluorometry (STAF) can be used to assess phytoplankton photosynthetic rates in terms of the photosystem II photochemical flux (JV_PII, <i>μ</i>mol e⁻ m⁻³ s⁻¹) instantaneously, autonomously, and at high resolution. While JV_PII provides an upper limit to rates of phytoplankton primary productivity in units of carbon fixation, the conversion between these two rates is variable, limiting our ability to utilize high-resolution JV_PII data to monitor phytoplankton primary productivity. Simultaneous measurements of JV_PII and ¹⁴C-fixation help in understanding the factors controlling the variable ratio between the two rates. However, to date, methodological inconsistencies, including differences in incubation lengths and light quality, have greatly inhibited practical assessment of such electron to carbon ratios (Φ_e,C, mol e⁻ mol C⁻¹). We here present data from a range of dual-incubation experiments in northeast Atlantic waters during which JV_PII and ¹⁴C-fixation were measured simultaneously on the same sample. Time-course experiments show how Φ_e,C increases with incubation length, likely reflecting the transition from gross to net ¹⁴C-fixation. Dual-incubation experiments conducted under different light levels show a tendency for increased Φ_e,C under (super-)saturating light. Finally, data from a diurnal experiment demonstrate how Φ_e,C increases over the course of a day, due to downregulation of ¹⁴C-fixation. We provide a detailed description of our methodological approach, including a critical discussion of improvements to the calculation of JV_PII implemented in the LabSTAF instrument used for active fluorescence measurements and the limitations of the well-established ¹⁴C-fixation approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":18145,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","volume":"22 10","pages":"720-737"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lom3.10635","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141613890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size normalizing planktonic Foraminifera abundance in the water column","authors":"Sonia Chaabane,&nbsp;Thibault de Garidel-Thoron,&nbsp;Xavier Giraud,&nbsp;Julie Meilland,&nbsp;Geert-Jan A. Brummer,&nbsp;Lukas Jonkers,&nbsp;P. Graham Mortyn,&nbsp;Mattia Greco,&nbsp;Nicolas Casajus,&nbsp;Michal Kucera,&nbsp;Olivier Sulpis,&nbsp;Azumi Kuroyanagi,&nbsp;Hélène Howa,&nbsp;Gregory Beaugrand,&nbsp;Ralf Schiebel","doi":"10.1002/lom3.10637","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lom3.10637","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Planktonic Foraminifera have been collected from the water column with different plankton sampling devices equipped with nets of various mesh sizes, which impedes direct comparison of observed quantifications. Here, we use data on the community size structure of planktonic Foraminifera to assess the impact of mesh size on the measured abundance (ind m⁻³) of planktonic Foraminifera. We use data from the FORCIS database (Chaabane et al., 2023, Scientific Data <b>10</b>: 354) on the global ocean at different sampling depths over the past century. We find a global cumulative increase in abundance with size, which is best described using a Michaelis–Menten function. This function yields multiplication factors by which one size fraction can be normalized to any other size fraction equal to or larger than 100 <i>μ</i>m. The resulting size normalization model is calibrated over a range of different depth intervals, and validated with an independent dataset from various depth ranges. The comparison to Berger's (1969, Deep. Res. Oceanogr. Abstr. <b>16</b>: 1–24) equivalent catch approach shows a significant increase in the predictive skill of the model. The new size normalization scheme enables comparison of Foraminifera abundance data sampled with plankton nets of different mesh sizes, such as compiled in the FORCIS database. The correction methodology may be effectively employed for various other plankton groups such as diatoms and dinoflagellates.</p>","PeriodicalId":18145,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","volume":"22 10","pages":"701-719"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lom3.10637","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141578030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Quantifying the Impacts of Multiple Stressors” (QIMS)—a new experimental platform for robust multifactorial experiments in benthic ecosystems","authors":"Katrin Schertenleib,&nbsp;Robert Fitzpatrick,&nbsp;Nessa E. O'Connor","doi":"10.1002/lom3.10633","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lom3.10633","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To predict the ecological consequences of expected global change, we need to understand the independent and combined effects of multiple stressors. Multiple experimental treatments are required to simultaneously test for effects of multiple stressors at different levels of intensity, independently and combined, and at different levels of biological organization. Most marine multiple stressors studies to date are conducted on assembled communities in mesocosms with a low number of treatments or low replication of treatments or both. These limitations prevent (1) robust data analyses, (2) characterization of single and combined effects of multiple stressors, and (3) identification of mechanisms underpinning biological responses. We present a new mesocosm-based experimental platform for benthic communities: Quantifying the Impacts of Multiple Stressors (QIMS). Here, 96 independent mesocosms facilitate multifactorial and multilevel experimental designs with the high replication required for robust tests of multiple stressors and biological interactions. For example, three distinct pH levels are achieved by manipulating CO₂ concentrations in the air supply, and three water temperature levels are provided by a cooling system in a fully crossed design that is required to identify all potential interactions, from which all combinations can be replicated 10 times (i.e., 90 experimental units). We demonstrate clearly how different levels of temperature and pCO₂/pH can be manipulated precisely and maintained for at least 7 weeks. QIMS complements the limited number of permanently installed marine mesocosm facilities worldwide that simulate ocean warming and/or acidification and expedites multiple stressor research by providing an unprecedented level of replication for statistical robustness.</p>","PeriodicalId":18145,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","volume":"22 9","pages":"670-680"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lom3.10633","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141578010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring tides, currents, and waves along coastal habitats using the Mini Buoy","authors":"Cai J. T. Ladd,&nbsp;Alejandra G. Vovides,&nbsp;Marie-Christin Wimmler,&nbsp;Christian Schwarz,&nbsp;Thorsten Balke","doi":"10.1002/lom3.10631","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lom3.10631","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Intertidal habitats are shaped by the actions of tides and waves which are difficult to monitor in shallow water. To address this challenge, the “Mini Buoy” and associated open-source App were recently developed for the low-cost and long-term monitoring of tidal inundation and current velocities simultaneously. The Mini Buoy is a bottom-mounted float that measures tilt to infer near-bed hydrodynamics. Here, we present significant updates to the Mini Buoy and App. Two new Mini Buoy designs were calibrated: the “Pendant” that requires minimal assembly for deployment, and the “B4+” that can also measure wave orbital velocity. Comparisons against industry-standard water-level and velocity sensors deployed in the field showed that each new design was effective at detecting tidal inundation (overall accuracy of 86–97%) and current velocities (<i>R</i>² = 0.73–0.91; accuracies of ± 0.14–0.22 m s⁻¹; detection limits between 0.02 and 0.8 m s⁻¹). The B4+ could reasonably measure wave orbital velocities (<i>R</i>² = 0.56; accuracies of ± 0.18 m s⁻¹; detection limits between 0.02 and 0.8 m s⁻¹). Reducing the sampling rate to prolong survey durations did not markedly reduce the precision of velocity measurements, except in the original Mini Buoy design (uncertainty increased by ± 2.11 m s⁻¹ from 1 to 10 s sampling). The updated App enhances user experience, accepts data from any Mini Buoy design, is suitable for generic use across any tidal setting, and presents multiple options to understand and contrast local hydrodynamic regimes. Improvements to the Mini Buoy designs and App offer greater opportunities in monitoring hydrodynamics for purposes including ecosystem restoration and flood risk management.</p>","PeriodicalId":18145,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","volume":"22 9","pages":"619-633"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lom3.10631","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141576250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using a baited imaging sonar (BISON) to quantify the density, size, and detection range of fishes in a shallow, nearshore habitat","authors":"Edward C. P. Sibley,&nbsp;Kevin M. Boswell,&nbsp;Benjamin M. Binder,&nbsp;Allison L. White,&nbsp;Aedan M. Mell,&nbsp;Beth E. Scott,&nbsp;Alethea S. Madgett,&nbsp;Travis S. Elsdon,&nbsp;Michael J. Marnane,&nbsp;Paul G. Fernandes","doi":"10.1002/lom3.10636","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lom3.10636","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Methods that supplement optical instruments with bait, such as baited remote underwater video (BRUV), are used worldwide to detect and quantify marine life. Optical instruments only detect targets within visible range, such that BRUVs may underestimate fishes in light-limited habitats, especially fishes that respond to the bait at ranges beyond visibility. Alternatively, light-independent instruments (e.g., imaging sonars) can detect and quantify fishes regardless of visibility. This study presents the first application of a baited imaging sonar (BISON), deployed to survey fishes around a small, shallow artificial habitat in a turbid embayment in southern Florida. To establish the influence of bait on fish detection, BISON trials were alternately conducted alongside deployments of an unbaited control, with a high-definition camera integrated to ascertain visibility and inform species composition. For fishes of two size classes, larger (&gt; 30 cm) and smaller (10–30 cm), maximum density (MaxD) and range of detection were quantified. Although the densities of larger and smaller fishes quantified by the BISON and unbaited control did not differ, over 55% of larger fishes were detected at ranges beyond maximum visibility, with asymptotes in fish density on the BISON identified at 15–20 min and 5–10 min for larger and smaller fishes, respectively. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of BISONs as both a complementary and alternative method to BRUVs for quantifying fishes, especially in habitats of limited visibility. Future applications of BISONs in other habitats will further demonstrate its value as a tool to detect and enumerate aquatic assemblages.</p>","PeriodicalId":18145,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","volume":"22 9","pages":"634-646"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lom3.10636","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141576105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A simple, safe method for preserving dissolved methane in freshwater samples using benzalkonium chloride","authors":"Ken'ichi Osaka,&nbsp;Reina Nagata,&nbsp;Moegi Inoue,&nbsp;Masayuki Itoh,&nbsp;Shoko Hosoi-Tanabe,&nbsp;Hiroki Iwata","doi":"10.1002/lom3.10632","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lom3.10632","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Methane (CH₄) dissolved in water is readily consumed by CH₄-oxidizing bacteria, so the possibility of the dissolved CH₄ concentration (dCH₄) in sampled water changing before analysis is a concern. To determine the accurate in situ dCH₄ level, mercury chloride (HgCl₂) or sodium azide (NaN₃) is traditionally used for sample preservation. However, these preservatives are very toxic and great care must be taken when adding them to samples. Benzalkonium chloride (BAC), a quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant, is a readily available disinfectant that is less harmful to the human body than HgCl₂, NaN₃, and other preservatives. In this study, we investigated the usefulness of BAC in preserving dCH₄ in swamp water, which is a critical terrestrial source of CH₄. The dCH₄ in samples without BAC decreased immediately after sample collection, whereas the dCH₄ in the samples with added BAC did not change significantly for at least 15 d. In addition, when BAC was added to 18 water samples with different water chemistries, the dCH₄ did not change significantly from immediately after sampling to 1 week after sampling (average difference: 3%). Thus, in the water samples used in this study, BAC effectively preserved dCH₄ in the samples for at least 1 week. Further testing of the effect of BAC on the preservation of dCH₄ in different types of water samples worldwide will help to establish a more complete, simple, and safe method.</p>","PeriodicalId":18145,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","volume":"22 8","pages":"536-547"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141576251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the eDNA spatial signal in natural populations and its application for the monitoring of the threatened Harttiella (Siluriformes, Loricariidae)","authors":"Céline Condachou,&nbsp;Opale Coutant,&nbsp;Sébastien Brosse,&nbsp;Jérôme Murienne","doi":"10.1002/lom3.10634","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lom3.10634","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To face the current downward trajectory of freshwater biodiversity loss, the implementation of effective biodiversity monitoring programs is of utmost importance. Environmental DNA offers unprecedented opportunities for this aim but several challenges still need to be addressed before implementing efficient species monitoring using eDNA. One of them is optimizing the eDNA sampling scheme to maximize the eDNA detection probability. For instance, in flowing freshwaters, the transport of eDNA downstream from its source can impact the eDNA detection probability, and blur the link between eDNA detection and the local occurrence of the species. Here, we investigated the eDNA spatial range of <i>Harttiella lucifer</i> (Siluriformes, Loricariidae), a threatened neotropical siluriform fish inhabiting French Guianese mountain streams, and confined to waterfalls and fast-flowing environments. Environmental samples were collected at 11 sites from the <i>H. lucifer</i> population to 2000 m downstream. A species-specific dPCR approach was applied to quantify the amount of DNA present in each sample and evaluate the eDNA detection probability of <i>H. lucifer</i> according to the distance from its source. Results showed an accumulation of eDNA at 50 and 100 m downstream from <i>H. lucifer</i> population. The evaluation of detection probabilities revealed that 300 m downstream from <i>H. lucifer</i> population, the probability of detection drops to 50%. This study suggests that eDNA drift in neotropical small streams is limited to a few tens meters downstream. These findings demonstrate that in neotropical small streams, eDNA provides a picture of the local fish fauna rather than integrating information over large spatial scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":18145,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","volume":"22 9","pages":"660-669"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lom3.10634","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141552770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standard metrics for characterizing episodic salinization in freshwater systems","authors":"J. A. Neville,&nbsp;R. E. Emanuel,&nbsp;N. G. Nelson,&nbsp;E. S. Bernhardt,&nbsp;M. Ardón","doi":"10.1002/lom3.10629","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lom3.10629","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Salinization threatens freshwater resources and freshwater-dependent wetlands in coastal areas worldwide. Many research efforts focus on gradual or chronic salinization, but the phenomenon is also episodic in nature, particularly in small streams and artificial waterways. In surface waters, salinization events may coincide with storms, droughts, wind tides, and other episodic events. A lack of standardized quantitative methods and metrics for describing and discussing episodic salinization hinders cross-disciplinary efforts by scientists and others to analyze, discuss, and make recommendations concerning these events. Here, we present a set of metrics that use statistics which describe flow characteristics in rivers and streams as a template for empirically describing and characterizing salinization events. We developed a set of metrics to quantify the duration, magnitude, and other characteristics of episodic salinization, and we apply the metrics to extensive time-series data from a field site in coastal North Carolina. We then demonstrate the utility of these metrics by coupling them with ancillary data to perform an unsupervised classification that groups individual salinization events by their primary meteorological driver. We provide simple and flexible code needed to compute metrics in any environment experiencing salinization events in hopes that it will facilitate more standardized approaches to the quantification and study of widespread freshwater salinization.</p>","PeriodicalId":18145,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","volume":"22 9","pages":"647-659"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lom3.10629","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141500703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pelagic ecosystem research incubators (PERIcosms): optimized incubation tanks to investigate natural communities under long term, low nutrient, and low metal conditions","authors":"Emily A. Seelen,&nbsp;Emily Townsend,&nbsp;Samantha J. Gleich,&nbsp;David A. Caron,&nbsp;Mathilde Dugenne,&nbsp;Angelicque E. White,&nbsp;David M. Karl,&nbsp;Seth G. John","doi":"10.1002/lom3.10628","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lom3.10628","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In vitro incubations using natural marine communities can provide insight into community structure and function in ways that are challenging through field observations alone. We have designed a minimal metal incubation system for controlled and repeatable experimentation of microbial communities. The systems, dubbed Pelagic Ecosystem Research Incubators (PERIcosms), are 115 L, conical tanks designed to sample suspended, settled, and wall associated material for month long periods. PERIcosms combine some of the ecological advantages of large volume mesocosm incubations with the experimental ease and replication of bottle incubations, and their design is accessible for use by researchers without specialized training or travel to a designated incubation facility. Here, we provide a detailed description for the construction and implementation of PERIcosms and demonstrate their potential to promote replicable, diverse communities for several weeks under clean conditions using time-series results from two field experiments. One field experiment utilized coastal waters collected from Santa Catalina Island, CA and the other oligotrophic waters collected offshore of Honolulu, HI. Biomass metrics (chlorophyll a and particulate carbon) along with 16S/18S DNA based community composition assessments were conducted to show that communities contained within PERIcosms remained alive and diverse for several weeks using a semi-continuous culturing approach. We detail trace metal clean techniques that can be used to minimize external contamination, particularly for low dissolved iron environments. PERIcosms have the potential to facilitate natural community incubations which are needed to continue advancing our understanding of microbial ecology and geochemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":18145,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","volume":"22 8","pages":"548-571"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lom3.10628","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141500752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}