LubricantsPub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.3390/lubricants13020061
Tiancheng Ye, Kai Le, Ganggang Wang, Zhenghao Ren, Yuzhen Liu, Liwei Zheng, Hui Tian, Shusheng Xu
{"title":"Structure Modulation and Self-Lubricating Properties of Porous TiN–MoS2 Composite Coating Under Humidity–Fluctuating Conditions","authors":"Tiancheng Ye, Kai Le, Ganggang Wang, Zhenghao Ren, Yuzhen Liu, Liwei Zheng, Hui Tian, Shusheng Xu","doi":"10.3390/lubricants13020061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants13020061","url":null,"abstract":"To improve the friction performance and service life of protective coatings in humidity-fluctuating environments, porous hard titanium nitride (TiN)–molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) composite coatings were prepared by using direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS) with the mode of oblique angle deposition (OAD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technologies. The structure and chemical component were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. The tribological properties of these TiN–MoS2 composite coatings were investigated. The results indicate that the porous TiN–MoS2 composite coating exhibited outstanding friction performance and long service life under humidity-fluctuating environments. At the initial 20% relative humidity (RH) stage, the MoS2 on the porous TiN–MoS2 composite coating surface worked as an effective lubricant; thus, the coating demonstrated excellent lubrication performance, and the friction coefficient (COF) was about 0.05. As the humidity was alternated to 70% RH, the lubrication effect diminished due to the production of molybdenum oxide (MoO3), and the COF was about 0.2, which was attributed to the degradation of MoS2 on the wear track and the release of fresh MoS2 from the porous TiN matrix. After the environmental conditions shifted from 70% to 20% RH, the MoO3 was removed, and the lubrication effect was restored. In summary, TiN–MoS2 porous composite coating offers a promising approach for lubrication in humidity-fluctuating environments.","PeriodicalId":18135,"journal":{"name":"Lubricants","volume":"13 2","pages":"61-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147902810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LubricantsPub Date : 2025-01-22DOI: 10.3390/lubricants13020044
F. -W. Tu, Bin Wang, Simo Zhao, Mingrui Liu, Jian Zheng, Zewen Li, Cheng‐Yang Hu, Tao Jiang, Qunchao Zhang
{"title":"Synergistic Enhancement Effect of Polytetrafluoroethylene and WSe2 on the Tribological Performance of Polyetherimide Composites","authors":"F. -W. Tu, Bin Wang, Simo Zhao, Mingrui Liu, Jian Zheng, Zewen Li, Cheng‐Yang Hu, Tao Jiang, Qunchao Zhang","doi":"10.3390/lubricants13020044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants13020044","url":null,"abstract":"To address the issue of high wear of polymer composites during friction, WSe2 nanofillers were incorporated into the polymer matrix as a reinforcing phase to enhance heat transfer and improve the composites’ wear resistance. Tannic acid (TA) was grafted onto the surface of WSe2 through high-energy ball milling, which facilitated the exfoliation of the nanofillers and improved their interfacial compatibility with the matrix material. Tribological experiments revealed that adding 5 wt% TA-WSe2 reduced the friction coefficient and volumetric wear rate to 0.0065 and 8.7 × 10−4 μm3/N·m, respectively, representing reductions of 98% and 94% compared to pure PEI. The TA-WSe2 not only served as a reinforcing phase to enhance heat transfer but also facilitated the timely dissipation of heat generated during friction. Additionally, it formed strong interfacial bonds with both PEI and PTFE, allowing the applied load to be efficiently distributed throughout the composite material. This study offers a practical approach for the functionalization of WSe2 and the development of ternary composite materials for tribological applications.","PeriodicalId":18135,"journal":{"name":"Lubricants","volume":"13 2","pages":"44-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/13/2/44/pdf?version=1737538222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147885943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LubricantsPub Date : 2025-01-13DOI: 10.3390/lubricants13010031
Chunmin Yang, Junhua Zhang, Honglin Yue, Xueqin Kang
{"title":"The Low Friction Coefficient and High Wear Resistance UHMWPE: The Effect of Pores on Properties of Artificial Joint Materials","authors":"Chunmin Yang, Junhua Zhang, Honglin Yue, Xueqin Kang","doi":"10.3390/lubricants13010031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants13010031","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrahigh-molecular-weight-polyethylene (UHMWPE) is extensively applied to make bone and cartilage implants in the field of biomaterial application. UHMWPE matched with a metal or ceramic component withstands the long-term effect of cyclic stress, which induces UHMWPE serious wear, and affects the service life of the artificial joint. This investigation focuses on the influence of pores on the mechanical and tribological property of UHMWPE. The porosity, crystallinity, yield strength, tensile strength, hardness, compression yield strength, creep resistance, wettability, friction performance, and wear mechanism of solid and porous UHMWPE were evaluated and compared. The research results indicated that the pore had a remarkable influence on the mechanical, friction, and wear property of UHMWPE. The porosity of porous UHMWPE was 29.7% when 50 wt. % sodium chloride (NaCl) was added and the pore size was about 200 μm. The crystallinity, hardness, creep resistance, strength, and elongation decreased after NaCl was added and dissolved. However, the yield strength in the tensile and compression test was closer to that of the natural cartilage. The friction coefficient and wear loss of porous UHMWPE were higher than that of solid UHMWPE in dry conditions, but these values of porous UHMWPE were lower than that of solid UHMWPE in the calf serum lubrication condition. The main wear mechanism of porous and solid UHMWPE was abrasive. The lubricity of calf serum reduced wear surface scratches and furrows, especially for porous UHMWPE.","PeriodicalId":18135,"journal":{"name":"Lubricants","volume":"13 1","pages":"31-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/13/1/31/pdf?version=1736751276","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147899514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LubricantsPub Date : 2024-12-19DOI: 10.3390/lubricants12120455
Linghao Zhang, Qiuyu Shi, Xiangyu Ge
{"title":"Comparative Study of the Friction Behavior of Functionalized Graphene Oxide Additives Under Electric Stimulations","authors":"Linghao Zhang, Qiuyu Shi, Xiangyu Ge","doi":"10.3390/lubricants12120455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12120455","url":null,"abstract":"Electro-regulated friction is a widely adopted approach for reducing friction, with graphene oxide (GO) emerging as a promising lubricating additive due to its electro-responsive frictional behaviour. However, with the wide variety of functionalized GO additives available, each exhibiting distinct properties, it remains unclear which type demonstrates the most effective electro-regulated friction-reducing performance, limiting their broader industrial application. In this study, the frictional behaviour of three functionalized GO additives under electric stimulation was investigated along with an analysis of the corresponding worn surfaces. The findings reveal the role of functional groups in determining the tribological performance of functionalized GO additives and the mechanism of electric stimulation. Notably, the formation of ester groups during the friction process of GO-OH enhances the adsorption of GO additives onto steel surfaces, resulting in superior friction-reducing properties. Under lubrication with GO-OH additives, negative electric stimulation promotes the generation of ester groups and transitions the lubrication regime to mixed lubrication, thereby contributing to friction reduction. This work provides new insights into the tribological performance of functionalized GO additives and the mechanisms underlying their electro-regulated behaviours, laying a foundation for the design of GO additives with superior lubrication performance for practical engineering applications.","PeriodicalId":18135,"journal":{"name":"Lubricants","volume":"12 12","pages":"455-455"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/12/12/455/pdf?version=1734604643","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147917824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigating the Anti-Wear Behavior of Polyalphaolefin Oil with Methyl Silicon Resin Using Advanced Analytical Techniques","authors":"Haiyang Wang, Zhongyi He, Liping Xiong, Liang Qian, Lili Li, Qiyang Long","doi":"10.3390/lubricants12120416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12120416","url":null,"abstract":"This research thoroughly examined the tribological characteristics of polyalphaolefin (PAO4) oil, both with and without the incorporation of methyl silicone resin. The evaluation of anti-wear properties and friction reduction was conducted using a four-ball tester for friction and wear. The incorporation of methyl silicone resin into PAO4 at 25 °C significantly reduced the wear scar diameter (WSD), achieving minimum values at a concentration of 0.02 wt.%. PAO4 with 0.02 wt.% methyl silicone resin shows excellent wear resistance at different temperatures. A detailed analysis of the wear scar surfaces and wear debris was conducted using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, 3D surface profiler and TEM. The results compellingly demonstrate that the remarkable improvement in wear resistance is predominantly due to the strategic formation of SiO2 nanoparticles during the friction process. These SiO2 particles not only adeptly fill the surface gaps at the friction interface but also crucially contribute to the formation of a robust tribochemical film, which is instrumental in enhancing wear performance.","PeriodicalId":18135,"journal":{"name":"Lubricants","volume":"12 12","pages":"416-416"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147908585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Preparation of MoS2/Metal Nanocomposites Functionalized with N-Oleoylethanolamine: Application as Lubricant Additives","authors":"Yaping Xing, Zhiguo Liu, Weiye Zhang, Zhengfeng Jia, Weifang Han, Jinming Zhen, Ran Zhang","doi":"10.3390/lubricants12090319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12090319","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, MoS2 nanosheets have been prepared and treated ultrasonically with silver ammonia solutions. The MoS2/Ag precursor was reduced using dopamine (DA) as reducing and linking agent at room temperature, and it was subjected to a hydrothermal treatment to produce MoS2/Ag nanocomposites (denoted as MoAg). The MoAg samples were functionalized with N-oleoylethanolamine to improve dispersion in the base oil component of additives. Use of the functionalized MoAg (denoted as Fc-MoAg) as a lubricant additive for steel balls resulted in effective friction reduction and anti-wear. This work avoids ion exchange during exfoliation, and the Ag+ has been reduced to nano-silver particles by dopamine to enlarge the layer spaces of MoS2. Taking the case of lubrication with base oil containing Fc-Mo0.6Ag15, the wear scar diameters and coefficients of friction of the steel balls were 0.428 and 0.098 mm, respectively, which were about three-fifths base oil. In addition, MoS2/Cu and MoS2/Ni nanocomposites were synthesized and the tribological properties associated with steel/steel balls assessed. The results demonstrate that all MoS2/metal composites exhibit enhanced tribological behavior in the steel/steel pair tests. Both nanocomposite synergy and the tribofilm containing sulfide, oxide, carbide, and other compounds play important roles in achieving reduced friction and improved anti-wear. The friction and wear properties of base oil containing Fc-MoAg and commercial additives were evaluated using a four-ball wear tester with steel/steel, steel/zirconia and zirconia/zirconia pairs. The base oil containing Fc-MoAg delivered smaller coefficients of friction (COFs) and/or scarring groove depths than those observed with the use of pure base oil and base oil containing commercial additives.","PeriodicalId":18135,"journal":{"name":"Lubricants","volume":"12 9","pages":"319-319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147889725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LubricantsPub Date : 2024-08-15DOI: 10.3390/lubricants12080288
Xinni Zhao, Shuangxi Li, Dengyu Liu, Lele Huang
{"title":"Material Optimization Method for a Spring-Energized Seal Based on Wear Analysis","authors":"Xinni Zhao, Shuangxi Li, Dengyu Liu, Lele Huang","doi":"10.3390/lubricants12080288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12080288","url":null,"abstract":"Spring-energized seals demonstrate good sealing performance over a wide range of pressures and temperatures and can compensate for installation eccentricity, high-temperature aging, etc. However, as a contact seal, its polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) jacket material is easily worn during the rotation of the end face, which leads to a decline in sealing performance and, ultimately, seal failure. Based on the Archard wear model, a performance prediction model of the spring-energized seal was established by combining tests and numerical analyses. In order to improve the tribological performance of spring-energized seals made of PTFE, varied fillers were added to modify the PTFE, and the tribological and mechanical properties of PTFE composites with varied fillers were measured in experiments. Using a performance prediction model for spring-energized seals, the variation in the friction performance of seals made of these filled PTFEs during the operating cycle was analyzed. The results showed that the performance prediction model can accurately simulate this variation. After a certain amount of wear, the deviation between the simulated data and the experimental data was within ±5%. Compared with spring-energized seals made of pure PTFE, the friction torque of spring-energized seals made of GF/PTFE was reduced by 28.97% at most, and the friction torque reduction rate was lowered by 22.25%.","PeriodicalId":18135,"journal":{"name":"Lubricants","volume":"12 8","pages":"288-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/12/8/288/pdf?version=1723691301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147908498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LubricantsPub Date : 2024-07-29DOI: 10.3390/lubricants12080269
Jiaqi Shao, Guoyan Yu, Yixing He, Jun Li, Mingxing Hou, Xianmin Wang, Xianmin Wang, Ping Zhang, Xianzhang Wang, Xianzhang Wang
{"title":"An Investigation of the Output Performances of a Triboelectric Nanogenerator Lubricated with TiO2-Doped Oleic Acid","authors":"Jiaqi Shao, Guoyan Yu, Yixing He, Jun Li, Mingxing Hou, Xianmin Wang, Xianmin Wang, Ping Zhang, Xianzhang Wang, Xianzhang Wang","doi":"10.3390/lubricants12080269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12080269","url":null,"abstract":"In the past decade, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have attracted significant attention across various fields due to their compact size, light weight, high output voltage, versatile shapes, and strong compatibility. However, substantial wear at solid–solid contact interfaces presents a major obstacle to the electrical output stability of TENGs. The objective of this study is to investigate the output performances of TENGs lubricated with TiO2-doped oleic acid. The results suggest that the triboelectrical performances of the polyimide (PI) film sliding against a steel ball under 0.1 wt% TiO2-doped oleic acid are significantly improved compared to those under dry conditions; the growth rates are 35.2%, 103.6, and 85.6%, respectively. Moreover, the coefficient of friction dropped from 0.31 to 0.066. The wear and performance enhancement mechanism are also analyzed. This study provides an effective approach to improve both the electrical performances and tribological behaviors.","PeriodicalId":18135,"journal":{"name":"Lubricants","volume":"12 8","pages":"269-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147894647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improved Tribological Properties of Epoxy Cement Reinforced with Impact-Resistant Core-Shell Structured Polymer Nanoparticles","authors":"Ling Qiu, Yuan Wang, Xiaolan Kong, Yanan Li, Shiyu Cao, Wenbin Hu, Gangqiang Zhang, Chenchen Wang","doi":"10.3390/lubricants12080267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12080267","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional cement epoxy pavements suffer from inherent limitations such as terrible tribological properties, poor wear resistance, and weak impact resistance, presenting significant challenges to ensure the safety and continuous operation of urban roads. As a solution, high-performance cement epoxy composite grouting materials have emerged as the preferred option for engineering construction and road maintenance. In this study, CSP/epoxy cement (CSEC) composite materials were prepared by emulsion polymerization. The thermal properties of the materials were characterized, revealing that CSP enhances the thermal properties of epoxy cement (EC) to a certain extent. Furthermore, the frictional properties of CSEC composite materials and pure epoxy cement under different normal loads were investigated. The results indicated that the CSEC composite material exhibited a slight increase in friction coefficient and a notable decrease in wear rate compared to pure epoxy cement (EC). Specifically, the wear rate of CSEC decreased by 14.4% at a load of 20 N, highlighting the enhanced frictional performance facilitated by CSP. Mechanistic analysis attributed the improvement to the unique core-shell structure of CSP, which imparted higher impact resistance and eliminated alleviate residual stresses at the friction interface. This structural advantage further enhanced the wear resistance of materials, making it a promising choice for improving the durability and safety of urban road surfaces.","PeriodicalId":18135,"journal":{"name":"Lubricants","volume":"12 8","pages":"267-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/12/8/267/pdf?version=1722497450","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147898820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synergistic Effects of Layered Double Hydroxide and MoS2 on the Performance of Lubricants","authors":"Weidong Zhou, Yong Li, Shutian Cheng, Yongdi He, Jinou Song, Qiang Zhang","doi":"10.3390/lubricants12050155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12050155","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, layered double hydroxide (LDH) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) were used as additives to prepare lubricants. The morphology and particle distribution of the LDH and MoS2 were characterized using a scanning electron microscope and a laser particle size analyzer, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to compare the performance of the lubricants at high temperature. The extreme pressure and wear resistance performance of the lubricants were tested using a four-ball machine and a fretting-wear machine. Then, the lubricants were applied in a bolt fastener. The loosening torque and surface wear condition at high temperature were compared. By adding LDH and MoS2 to the lubricants, the extreme pressure and wear resistance performance and anti-seize performance at high temperature were improved significantly. The LDH showed better anti-seize performance than the MoS2 because of its strong and stable structure at high temperature. The MoS2 showed better anti-wear performance under a high load because of its soft layered structure. The MoS2 with a larger particle size showed better extreme pressure performance under a high load. The LDH and MoS2 played a synergistic effect under the conditions of high temperature and high load.","PeriodicalId":18135,"journal":{"name":"Lubricants","volume":"12 5","pages":"155-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/12/5/155/pdf?version=1714380948","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147894053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}