LubricantsPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-31DOI: 10.3390/lubricants14010018
Victoria P Marino, Francesca De Vecchi, Dominik J Federl, Landon M Begin, Afton K Limberg, Douglas C Moore, Joseph J Crisco, Douglas W Van Citters, Markus A Wimmer
{"title":"Friction and Cartilage Wear in Hemiarthroplasty: A Systematic Review of Key Influencing Factors.","authors":"Victoria P Marino, Francesca De Vecchi, Dominik J Federl, Landon M Begin, Afton K Limberg, Douglas C Moore, Joseph J Crisco, Douglas W Van Citters, Markus A Wimmer","doi":"10.3390/lubricants14010018","DOIUrl":"10.3390/lubricants14010018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hemiarthroplasty addresses joint damage confined to one side, preserving native cartilage and bone, but accelerated degeneration of the opposing cartilage can compromise outcomes. This systematic review should clarify whether coefficient of friction (COF) reliably predicts cartilage wear when evaluating hemiarthroplasty bearing materials (HBMs). Thirty in vitro studies reporting both outcomes were identified. Data were extracted on COF, wear, and testing parameters, and wear was standardized using a 0-4 rubric to enable cross-study comparison. Three analytical approaches were applied: linear model fits, Pearson's correlations, and predictive modeling. Reported COFs increased significantly with testing time, while contact stress and sliding velocity showed variable associations with COF. Predictive models for cobalt-chromium (CoCr), the most studied HBM, showed moderate fit, suggesting that mechanical parameters explain only part of COF variability. For wear, linear models showed poor fit with COF, but correlations indicated positive associations with contact stress. Inconsistent effects of velocity and distance were found. Predictive models explained little variability. Together, these findings suggest that outcomes are strongly influenced by testing conditions, lubricants, and HBM selection, and COF alone is an unreliable predictor of cartilage wear in an experimental setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":18135,"journal":{"name":"Lubricants","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12889880/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146165932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LubricantsPub Date : 2025-10-17DOI: 10.3390/lubricants13100452
Shukang Nan, Xinhu Wu, Quan Zhou, Xiaozhen Wang, Bin Li, Jun‐Ming Liu, Qin Zhao, Xiaobo Wang, Bingbing Wang, Kuiliang Gong
{"title":"The Enhancement of Friction Reduction and Anti-Wear Properties of Polyurea Greases Mediated by a Lithium Salt at Elevated Temperatures","authors":"Shukang Nan, Xinhu Wu, Quan Zhou, Xiaozhen Wang, Bin Li, Jun‐Ming Liu, Qin Zhao, Xiaobo Wang, Bingbing Wang, Kuiliang Gong","doi":"10.3390/lubricants13100452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants13100452","url":null,"abstract":"Polyurea grease (PU) is widely used in the lubrication of heavy machinery, but it can still suffer from structural or performance degradation under extreme conditions such as high temperatures and heavy loads. This study successfully synthesized a hybrid polyurea grease (LiTFSI-PU) by incorporating lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) into polyurea matrix. LiTFSI coordinates with the carbonyl groups (C=O) in the thickener molecules to form weakly Lewis acidic complex, thereby reinforcing the soap fiber network structure. As a result, LiTFSI-PU exhibits increased apparent viscosity under shear. The tribological properties of LiTFSI-PU were evaluated under both ambient and elevated temperature conditions. At a load of 200 N and 150 °C, the average coefficient of friction for the 3 wt% LiTFSI-PU formulation was 0.094, which is 32.3% lower than that of the baseline polyurea grease (PU), while the wear volume was reduced by 77.5%. XPS and FIB-STEM/EDS analyses confirmed that LiTFSI-PU forms a multicomponent protective film in situ during friction, which simultaneously shields the substrate and provides lubrication. The additive strategy proposed in this work offers novel insights for the development of high-performance lubricants suitable for extreme thermomechanical conditions.","PeriodicalId":18135,"journal":{"name":"Lubricants","volume":"13 10","pages":"452-452"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/13/10/452/pdf?version=1760687139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147891625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of WC Addition on Microstructure and Properties of Plasma-Cladded AlCoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloy Coatings","authors":"Xinbin Liu, Juangang Zhao, Tiansheng Li, Zhengbing Meng, Jinbiao Qing, Wen Cai Xu, Youxuan Ouyang, Yuanyuan Zeng","doi":"10.3390/lubricants13090407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants13090407","url":null,"abstract":"In order to enhance the performance of 20# steel, this study successfully fabricated AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy coatings with different WC contents (x = 0, 10, 20, 30 wt%) on its surface using plasma cladding technology. The effects of WC content on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of the coatings were systematically investigated. The results indicate that without WC addition, the coating consists of a dual-phase structure comprising BCC and FCC phases. With the incorporation of WC, the FCC phase disappears, and the coating evolves into a composite structure based on the BCC matrix, embedded with multiple carbide phases such as W2C, M7C3, MxCγ, and Co6W6C. These carbides are predominantly distributed along grain boundaries. As the WC content increases, significant grain refinement occurs and the volume fraction of carbides rises. The coating exhibits a mixed microstructure of equiaxed and columnar crystals, with excellent metallurgical bonding to the substrate. The microhardness of the coating increases markedly with higher WC content; however, the rate of enhancement slows when WC exceeds 20 wt%. The hardness of 1066.36 HV is achieved at 30 wt% WC. Wear test results show that both the friction coefficient and wear rate first decrease and then increase with increasing WC content. The optimal wear resistance is observed at 20 wt% WC, with a friction coefficient of 0.549 and a wear mass loss of only 0.25 mg, representing an approximately 40% reduction compared to the WC-free coating. Electrochemical tests demonstrate that the coating with 20 wt% WC facilitates the formation of a dense and stable passive film in NaCl solution, effectively inhibiting Cl− ion penetration. This coating exhibits the best corrosion resistance, characterized by the lowest corrosion current density of 1.349 × 10−6 A·cm−2 and the highest passive film resistance of 2764 Ω·cm2.","PeriodicalId":18135,"journal":{"name":"Lubricants","volume":"13 9","pages":"407-407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/13/9/407/pdf?version=1757671066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147903605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LubricantsPub Date : 2025-06-23DOI: 10.3390/lubricants13070280
Zhining Jia, Caizhe Hao
{"title":"Thermal-Tribological Synergy in PTFE-Based Self-Lubricating Retainers for Ball Bearings Under Oil-Depleted Conditions","authors":"Zhining Jia, Caizhe Hao","doi":"10.3390/lubricants13070280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants13070280","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the temperature rise characteristics and tribological performance of angular contact ball bearings equipped with polymer-based self-lubricating retainers under oil-depleted conditions. PTFE-based composite retainers were fabricated using cold-press sintering technology. Comparative experiments on 7206C were conducted on three bearing configurations (domestic, imported NSK, and YSU-S1/S2 self-lubricating retainer bearing) using a dedicated fatigue tester under oil-depleted lubrication. This study demonstrates that angular contact ball bearings equipped with PTFE-based self-lubricating retainers exhibit superior thermal behavior under oil-depleted conditions. Compared to domestic and imported NSK bearings, the retainer-equipped bearing reduced equilibrium temperatures by 2~3 °C versus NSK/domestic bearings, with 60% lower peak temperatures. The high speed further facilitates the formation of transfer films, resulting in a smoother raceway and notably enhancing the bearing’s temperature rise characteristics. This study establishes a material–process–performance framework, bridging polymer composites and industrial bearing design.","PeriodicalId":18135,"journal":{"name":"Lubricants","volume":"13 7","pages":"280-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/13/7/280/pdf?version=1750667031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147914428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evolution of Frictional Wear Behavior of C/C-CuNi Composites by Arc Discharge","authors":"Liu Xizong, Yulei Zhang, Heng Wu, Dongsheng Zhang, Jiaqi Liu, Haibo Ouyang","doi":"10.3390/lubricants13070282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants13070282","url":null,"abstract":"This study fabricated a C/C-CuNi composite using the hydrothermal co-deposition method and investigated its friction and wear behavior as well as the underlying mechanisms after being subjected to arc discharge ablation. The results indicate that the graphitization degree of the material matrix was significantly enhanced after arc discharge ablation, accompanied by a transformation in the carbon microstructure. Carbon nanotubes and graphene structures were generated in the arc ablation zone. Under low arc discharge density, limited pits and open pores are formed on the material surface, with the generated graphene structures effectively reducing friction. Specifically, CN-5 exhibited a stable friction coefficient, a wear rate of 5.2 mg/km, and partial self-repair capability. In contrast, CN-10, under high arc discharge density, suffered from structural collapse, matrix-fiber debonding, and extensive open pores, leading to increased surface roughness. The combined effects of frictional heat and Joule heating elevated the wear surface temperature, triggering matrix oxidation and a sharp rise in wear rate to 14.7 mg/km. The wear mechanisms of C/C-CuNi composites under continuous arc conditions involve arc erosion wear, oxidative wear, abrasive wear, and adhesive wear.","PeriodicalId":18135,"journal":{"name":"Lubricants","volume":"13 7","pages":"282-282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/13/7/282/pdf?version=1750685123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147896894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LubricantsPub Date : 2025-06-18DOI: 10.3390/lubricants13060272
Lingjie Sun, Chunlei Gao, Wei Li
{"title":"Programmable Control of Droplets on Phase-Change Lubricant-Infused Surfaces Under Low Voltage","authors":"Lingjie Sun, Chunlei Gao, Wei Li","doi":"10.3390/lubricants13060272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants13060272","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a bioinspired phase-change transparent flexible heater (PTFH) for programmable droplet manipulation under ultralow voltage. By embedding a self-junctioned copper nanowire network into paraffin-infused, porous PVDF-HFP gel matrices, the PTFH achieves rapid, non-contact, and reversible control of microdroplet mobility. The PTFH can be bent or tailored into diverse shapes (e.g., V/X configurations), enabling multidirectional droplet transport. Under ultralow voltage actuation (<1 V), the surface of PTFH melts the phase-change lubricant within 2 s, switching surface wettability from high adhesion (Wenzel state) to low adhesion (SLIPS state). By combining Laplace pressure and temperature gradients (up to 22 °C/mm), drive droplets at ~2.0 mm/s over distances of ~13.9 mm. Programmable droplet coalescence, curved-surface transport, and a microreactor design for batch reactions were also demonstrated. The PTFH exhibits excellent transparency (89% when activated), mechanical flexibility, and cyclic stability, offering a versatile platform for microreactors, microengines, and smart windows.","PeriodicalId":18135,"journal":{"name":"Lubricants","volume":"13 6","pages":"272-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/13/6/272/pdf?version=1750235564","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147897357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LubricantsPub Date : 2025-06-04DOI: 10.3390/lubricants13060252
Yuwen Xu, Yan Yang, Xin Li, Xingyuan Jing, Xiaoyu Yin, Tao Xia, Jingsi Wang, Tobias Amann, Ke Li
{"title":"Hybrid Additives of 1,3-Diketone Fluid and Nanocopper Particles Applied in Marine Engine Oil","authors":"Yuwen Xu, Yan Yang, Xin Li, Xingyuan Jing, Xiaoyu Yin, Tao Xia, Jingsi Wang, Tobias Amann, Ke Li","doi":"10.3390/lubricants13060252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants13060252","url":null,"abstract":"The lubrication performance of the cylinder liner–piston ring (CLPR) is crucial for the energy efficiency and operating reliability of marine diesel engines. To enhance the boundary lubrication of marine engine oil, a 1,3-diketone fluid HPTD (1-(4-hexylphenyl) tridecane-1,3-dione, HPTD) was introduced as an ash-free friction modifier. Besides that, octadecylamine-functionalized nanocopper particles (ODA-Cu) were also added to the marine oil to improve its anti-wear behavior. Through cylinder-on-disk friction tests, the appropriate contents of HPTD and ODA-Cu were determined, which then formed hybrid additives and modified the engine oil. The tribological performance of the modified oil was analyzed under various normal loads, reciprocating frequencies, and testing temperatures. Based on the synergy of the tribochemical reaction of HPTD and the mending effect of ODA-Cu on the sliding surface, the modified oil not only had lower sulfated ash content but also exhibited superior lubrication performance (i.e., reduced coefficient of friction by 15%, smaller wear track by 43%, and higher maximum non-seizure load by 11%) than the pristine engine oil. The results of this study would be helpful for the design of novel hybrid eco-friendly additives for marine engine oil.","PeriodicalId":18135,"journal":{"name":"Lubricants","volume":"13 6","pages":"252-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/13/6/252/pdf?version=1749036025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147887602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LubricantsPub Date : 2025-02-26DOI: 10.3390/lubricants13030103
Wei Li, Huanyi Chen, Long Chen, Shanqin Ge, Qingzhao Cai, Genxiang Gong, Jinhong Yu, Kazuhito Nishimura, Nan Jiang, Tao Cai
{"title":"Low Brine Shrimp Bio-Toxicity Marine Lubricating Hydraulic Fluid with Ultra-Low Friction Coefficient and Enhanced Frictional Heat Suppression","authors":"Wei Li, Huanyi Chen, Long Chen, Shanqin Ge, Qingzhao Cai, Genxiang Gong, Jinhong Yu, Kazuhito Nishimura, Nan Jiang, Tao Cai","doi":"10.3390/lubricants13030103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants13030103","url":null,"abstract":"Hydraulic technology has been instrumental in the extensive application of offshore mechanical equipment, particularly in drilling platforms and ships, where high-performance hydraulic fluids are essential for safe and efficient operations. Addressing the urgent need for water-based hydraulic fluids as an alternative to traditional oil-based fluids, this study introduces a novel water-based hydraulic fluid fortified with phytic acid, derived from plant seeds, to achieve low biotoxicity, low coefficient of friction, and reduced frictional heat generation. The integration of phytic acid has significantly enhanced the lubricating performance, reducing the average coefficient of friction to as low as 0.013, as tested by the four-ball tester, which is the lowest value reported to date. Real-time monitoring of the temperature rise of the friction testing apparatus using an infrared thermal imager revealed a 78.6% reduction in temperature increase. Acute toxicity assays using Brine Shrimp demonstrated that the 96 h LC50 value for the water–glycol flame-resistant hydraulic fluid with added phytic acid exceeded 26,304 mg/L, indicating low toxicity. Characterization analyses elucidated the mechanisms underlying the improved tribological properties, highlighting the potential of this eco-friendly fluid for safe and efficient offshore operations.","PeriodicalId":18135,"journal":{"name":"Lubricants","volume":"13 3","pages":"103-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/13/3/103/pdf?version=1740572221","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147919001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LubricantsPub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.3390/lubricants13030102
Weiwei Guan, Xianjun Hou, Youheng Wang, Chen Chu, Mohamed Kamal Ahmed Ali
{"title":"Interaction Lubrication Mechanism Between Nano-Biochar and Traditional Oil Additives Under Various Sliding Conditions","authors":"Weiwei Guan, Xianjun Hou, Youheng Wang, Chen Chu, Mohamed Kamal Ahmed Ali","doi":"10.3390/lubricants13030102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants13030102","url":null,"abstract":"The development of green lubrication requires nano-lubricants to possess more environmentally friendly fabrication modes and materials with superior tribological properties. This study investigates the tribological properties of nano-biochar in PAO6 base oil and in combination with different additives. The effect of adsorption on friction reduction and anti-wear performance is demonstrated by replacing the friction sub-materials in the four-ball friction test. Based on the comparison of wear region characterization, the incorporation of nano-biochar improves the friction reduction performance of detergent and dispersant base oils with a reduction in coefficient of friction (COF) by 16.7% and 19.0%, respectively, and produces a synergistic effect on the anti-wear performance. When nano-biochar is compounded with anti-wear agents and friction reducer, there is a synergistic effect on friction reduction performance, and COF decreases by 9.4% and 4.5% compared with anti-wear agents and friction reducer base oils, respectively. A method to analyze the friction reduction and anti-wear mechanism of nano-additives in complex lubrication system is proposed, which reveals in depth the interaction law and synergistic lubrication mechanism between NBC and additives in the friction process.","PeriodicalId":18135,"journal":{"name":"Lubricants","volume":"13 3","pages":"102-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/13/3/102/pdf?version=1740476057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147909364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LubricantsPub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.3390/lubricants13020077
Taiyu Su, Kun Peng, Duo Zhang, Luyi Sun, Yuxin Chen, Yiheng Yu, Ming Zhou
{"title":"Synergistic Lubrication and Anti-Corrosion Effects of Benzotriazole and Ionic Liquid Under Current-Carrying Friction","authors":"Taiyu Su, Kun Peng, Duo Zhang, Luyi Sun, Yuxin Chen, Yiheng Yu, Ming Zhou","doi":"10.3390/lubricants13020077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants13020077","url":null,"abstract":"The corrosive nature of ionic liquids (ILs) limits their potential as high-performance conductive lubricants in practical engineering applications. This study systematically investigates the effects of benzotriazole (BTA) as a corrosion inhibitor on the lubricating performance of ILs at different concentrations and applied currents, along with the underlying mechanisms. In the 0.5–5 A current range, BTA effectively reduces friction, wear, and arc erosion damage to the friction surface. As the applied current increases, the BTA-Fe reaction film suppresses oxide formation, thereby reducing electrical contact resistance (ECR). Moreover, the effectiveness of BTA is concentration-dependent: at 0.5 A and a BTA concentration of 0.5 wt%, the coefficient of friction (COF) decreases by 16.5%, and wear volume is reduced by 53.4%. Friction testing and surface analysis show that the BTA-IL combination exhibits synergistic lubrication and anti-corrosion effects under current-carrying conditions, with varying wear and lubrication mechanisms depending on the applied current.","PeriodicalId":18135,"journal":{"name":"Lubricants","volume":"13 2","pages":"77-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147331126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}