Influence of 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Diethylphosphate Ionic Liquid on the Performance of Eu- and Gd-Doped Diamond-like Carbon Coatings

IF 3.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Lubricants Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI:10.3390/lubricants12010018

Mohammadamin Sadeghi, Takeru Omiya, Filipe Fernandes, L. Vilhena, Amilcar Ramalho, Fábio Ferreira

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

A composite lubricating system that combines solid and liquid lubrication can create a synergistic effect by leveraging the strengths of both types of lubricants. Solid lubrication coatings possess advantageous load-bearing abilities and exhibit low volatility. By adopting this approach, the system retains the merits of solid lubrication while simultaneously harnessing the advantages of liquid lubrication. The unique properties of diamond-like carbon coatings (DLCs) offer the potential to create binding locations for lubricant additives by introducing dopant elements that have a high affinity with additives. In the present work, the combined use of europium-doped diamond-like carbon (Eu-doped DLC) with varying atomic concentrations of the dopant element (1.7 at. % and 2.4 at. %) and gadolinium-doped diamond-like carbon (Gd-doped DLC) with different atomic concentrations of the dopant element (1.7 at. % and 2.3 at. %) was studied alongside a pure DLC coating and the incorporation of an ionic liquid (IL) additive in a tribological block-on-ring system. The focus was on the 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethylphosphate ionic liquid with a concentration of 1 wt. % in polyalphaolefin (PAO) 8. Among the investigated pairs, the coefficient of friction (CoF) of 1.7 at. % Eu-doped DLC coupled with the IL was the smallest in boundary, mixed, and elastohydrodynamic lubrication regimes. Quantification of wear was challenging due to minimal and localized wear on the DLC coating surfaces. The decrease in friction within the boundary lubrication regime underscores the promise of mechanical systems that integrate 1.7 atomic percent Europium-doped diamond-like carbon coatings with ionic liquids (IL). This study presents a compelling avenue for future scholarly exploration and research efforts focused on reducing friction and improving the efficiency of moving components, particularly in situations where tribological properties exert a substantial influence

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1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓磷酸二乙酯离子液体对掺杂 Eu 和 Gd 的类金刚石碳涂层性能的影响

结合了固体和液体润滑剂的复合润滑系统可以充分利用两种润滑剂的优势，从而产生协同效应。固体润滑涂层具有良好的承载能力和低挥发性。采用这种方法，系统在保留固体润滑优点的同时，还能利用液体润滑的优势。类金刚石碳涂层（DLC）的独特性能为通过引入与添加剂具有高亲和力的掺杂元素来创建润滑油添加剂的结合位置提供了可能性。在本研究中，除了纯 DLC 涂层外，还研究了掺杂铕的类金刚石碳（掺杂 Eu 的 DLC）和掺杂钆的类金刚石碳（掺杂 Gd 的 DLC），前者的掺杂元素原子浓度各不相同（1.7% 和 2.4%），后者的掺杂元素原子浓度各不相同（1.7% 和 2.3%）。重点是在聚α烯烃（PAO）8 中加入浓度为 1 重量百分比的 1-乙基-3-甲基二乙基磷酸咪唑离子液体。在所研究的摩擦系数（CoF）为 1.7 at.在边界润滑、混合润滑和弹性流体动力润滑条件下，掺有 1.7% Eu 的 DLC 与 IL 的摩擦系数（CoF）最小。由于 DLC 涂层表面的局部磨损极小，因此很难对磨损进行量化。在边界润滑状态下摩擦力的减小突出了将掺杂 1.7 原子%铕的类金刚石碳涂层与离子液体 (IL) 相结合的机械系统的前景。这项研究为未来的学术探索和研究工作提供了一个令人信服的途径，研究重点是减少摩擦和提高运动部件的效率，特别是在摩擦学特性产生重大影响的情况下。

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来源期刊

Lubricants Engineering-Mechanical Engineering

CiteScore

3.60

自引率

25.70%

发文量

293

审稿时长

11 weeks

期刊介绍： This journal is dedicated to the field of Tribology and closely related disciplines. This includes the fundamentals of the following topics: -Lubrication, comprising hydrostatics, hydrodynamics, elastohydrodynamics, mixed and boundary regimes of lubrication -Friction, comprising viscous shear, Newtonian and non-Newtonian traction, boundary friction -Wear, including adhesion, abrasion, tribo-corrosion, scuffing and scoring -Cavitation and erosion -Sub-surface stressing, fatigue spalling, pitting, micro-pitting -Contact Mechanics: elasticity, elasto-plasticity, adhesion, viscoelasticity, poroelasticity, coatings and solid lubricants, layered bonded and unbonded solids -Surface Science: topography, tribo-film formation, lubricant–surface combination, surface texturing, micro-hydrodynamics, micro-elastohydrodynamics -Rheology: Newtonian, non-Newtonian fluids, dilatants, pseudo-plastics, thixotropy, shear thinning -Physical chemistry of lubricants, boundary active species, adsorption, bonding