International Journal of Cancer最新文献

{"title":"Asymptomatic Cardiotoxicity After High-Dose Anthracycline Treatment in Sarcoma Patients Assessed by Biomarkers and Echocardiography","authors":"Elissa A. S. Polomski,&nbsp;Frank M. Speetjens,&nbsp;J. Wouter Jukema,&nbsp;Julius C. Heemelaar,&nbsp;Michiel A. J. van de Sande,&nbsp;Hans Gelderblom,&nbsp;M. Louisa Antoni","doi":"10.1002/ijc.70620","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ijc.70620","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Treatment of sarcoma includes high-dose anthracyclines, which can cause cardiotoxicity. This study assesses the correlation of cardiac biomarkers and echocardiographic parameters on asymptomatic cardiotoxicity in sarcoma patients treated with anthracyclines. Consecutive patients diagnosed with sarcoma and treated with anthracyclines were included in this retrospective cohort study using registry data. Echocardiography was performed before start of anthracycline chemotherapy (baseline), after completing treatment (short-term follow-up), and 6–12 months after termination of treatment (long-term follow-up). The primary endpoint was the occurrence of asymptomatic cardiotoxicity at short-term follow-up. We included 44 patients (29.6% female) with a median age of 28.9 [22.2–38.7] years. Baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) decreased significantly from 58.4% ± 5.0% to 54.2% ± 9.3% (<i>p</i> = 0.013) and −19.1% ± 2.2% to −17.2% ± 3.5% at short-term follow-up (<i>p</i> = 0.002), respectively. After Cycle 1, 86.5% of the patients showed NT-proBNP ≥ 125 ng/L compared to 3.9% at baseline (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and after completion of therapy, 65.5% had elevated cardiac Troponin T (cTnT) ≥ 14 ng/L compared to 11.5% at baseline (<i>p</i> = 0.003). Asymptomatic cardiotoxicity was observed in 30 patients (68.2%). Mean follow-up was 2.4 [1.5–2.9] years. cTnT ≥ 14 ng/L after Cycle 4 was associated with cardiotoxicity (HR: 3.75 [1.28–11.0], <i>p</i> = 0.016), and NT-proBNP per 100 units increase after Cycle 1 was associated with an increased risk of mortality (HR: 1.36 [1.004–1.85], <i>p</i> = 0.047). Sarcoma patients treated with high-dose anthracyclines are at increased risk of developing cardiac dysfunction as assessed by LVEF and GLS. cTnT and NT-proBNP levels increase significantly during treatment and can be valuable markers to improve the risk stratification of patients treated with high-dose anthracyclines.</p>","PeriodicalId":180,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer","volume":"159 11","pages":"2755-2765"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ijc.70620","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148358687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lung Cancer Risk Assessment Beyond Smoking History","authors":"Sam Hanash","doi":"10.1002/ijc.70713","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ijc.70713","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Lung cancer remains the top cancer killer worldwide. Currently in the United States, annual screening for lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography, based on the USPSTF criteria, is recommended for adults aged 50–80 years with a 20 or more pack-year smoking history, who currently smoke or who quit within the past 15 years [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. However, current screening eligibility misses a large proportion of lung cancers diagnosed among never-smoker or light-smoker individuals or outside the recommended age range, due in part to a continued decrease in smoking rates [&lt;span&gt;2, 3&lt;/span&gt;]. Thus, there is a pressing need for lung cancer risk assessment beyond smoking history. Multiple factors may contribute to lung cancer risk in addition to smoking history. They include genetic predisposition and environmental exposure to secondhand smoke, radon, air pollutants, and forever chemicals [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;]. Given the multitude of factors that contribute to risk, there is increased interest in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) to large sets of data to derive and integrate cancer risk features into algorithms. This is exemplified in a study that relied on machine learning to develop a 3-year lung cancer risk prediction model using large real-world data [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;One contributor to risk that has received much attention consists of polygenic risk scores (PRS). There have been numerous studies of PRS and lung cancer risk. A systematic review of their performance was undertaken based on the UK Biobank (UKB) cohort that included gender, ethnicity, and smoking status [&lt;span&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;]. In most studies PRS exhibited better performance among smokers, whereas in some others PRS exhibited the reverse. PRS may provide an estimate of life-time risk. However, risk may change over time. Blood-based biomarkers together with subject characteristics have the potential to assess lung cancer risk in real time. An example of how biomarkers may inform about cancer risk is a 4-marker protein panel predictive of lung cancer risk including among individuals not eligible for screening [&lt;span&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;]. The panel has been validated using the longitudinal Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian cohort, demonstrating the potential of a mortality benefit stemming from this marker panel [&lt;span&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;]. Also, importantly, an algorithm based on repeated measurements of this 4-marker panel over time for lung cancer risk assessment resulted in improved performance over a single time measurement, thus allowing for the monitoring of change in risk over time [&lt;span&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;]. Besides proteins, there are a multitude of sources of potential biomarkers that may be relevant for risk assessment of lung cancer. They include various biological fluids, notably blood, urine, saliva, or sputum. Another source is exhaled breath, which has also been explored as a source of biomarkers as well airway brushing [&lt;span&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A study in this issue of the journal by ","PeriodicalId":180,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer","volume":"159 11","pages":"2631-2632"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ijc.70713","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148904581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographical Pattern of Testicular Cancer Points to Maternal Exposures Behind Increasing Incidence","authors":"Antti Kaipia,&nbsp;Karri Seppä,&nbsp;Elli Hirvonen,&nbsp;Eetu Mäkinen,&nbsp;Nea Malila,&nbsp;Janne Pitkäniemi,&nbsp;Jorma Toppari,&nbsp;Peter Boström,&nbsp;Heikki Seikkula","doi":"10.1002/ijc.70636","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ijc.70636","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Evidence suggests that testicular cancer (TC) originates from germ cell neoplasia in situ arising during fetal development, implying that prenatal environmental exposures may influence disease risk. We investigated whether maternal place of residence during pregnancy is associated with regional variation in TC incidence. We conducted a nationwide cohort study including 1,342,996 men born in Finland between 1960 and 1999. Participants were followed from birth until diagnosis of TC, death, emigration, or the end of follow-up (2021). A total of 2976 TC cases were identified. Information on municipality of birth was used as a proxy for maternal residence during pregnancy. Incidence rates and cumulative incidence were estimated by birth cohort and age at diagnosis. To examine regional variation, cumulative TC incidence by birth cohort and municipality was modeled using Bayesian hierarchical binomial regression allowing incidence to vary across municipalities. TC incidence increased across birth cohorts, peaking among men born in 1975–1979 (16.8 per 100,000). Cumulative incidence rose in all municipalities, ranging from 67.9 to 132.5 per 100,000 among men born in 1960–1969 and from 283.2 to 327.6 among those born in 1980–1989. Marked geographic clustering was observed. Incidence was consistently elevated among men born in southwestern Finland and remained high throughout the study period. Over successive birth cohorts, an eastward shift in higher incidence was observed. Although direct cohort evidence linking specific environmental exposures to TC remains limited, these findings support the hypothesis that prenatal environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of TC and may partly explain regional differences in incidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":180,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer","volume":"159 11","pages":"2688-2693"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ijc.70636","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148387146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer Survival for Selected Cancers in Türkiye (2008–2017): A Population-Based Study","authors":"Mariam Zahwe,&nbsp;Sultan Eser,&nbsp;Aude Bardot,&nbsp;Hulya Karakilinc,&nbsp;Gaye Cantekin Akpinar,&nbsp;Umit Akin,&nbsp;Emine Fusun Karasahin,&nbsp;Belgin Kurnali,&nbsp;Cankut Yakut,&nbsp;Merve Altinisik,&nbsp;Nursen Ucuncu,&nbsp;Ceren Sunguc,&nbsp;Ariana Znaor,&nbsp;Isabelle Soerjomataram","doi":"10.1002/ijc.70628","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ijc.70628","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study estimates population-based cancer survival for selected cancers in Türkiye over a 10-year period and investigates differences across provinces. We utilised data for patients diagnosed with five most common cancers (lung, breast, colorectum, prostate and thyroid) from eight population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) in Türkiye (Antalya, Bursa, Edirne, Erzurum, Eskisehir, Izmir, Samsun and Trabzon) in 2008–2012 and 2013–2017. We estimated 5-year age-standardised relative survival (ASRS) by age, sex and extent of disease. Five-year ASRS for the leading cancers in Türkiye increased by 1.4 to 4.6 percentage points between subsequent 5-year periods, in particular for breast, prostate and colorectal cancers. Thyroid cancer consistently showed the highest 5-year ASRS, exceeding 89%, while lung cancer had the lowest 5-year ASRS, with Edirne reporting the lowest survival at approximately 10% in both periods. Improvement in 5-year ASRS was greatest in the older age group (≥ 65 years) except for lung cancer (0.6 percentage point increase in ≥ 65 years vs. 3.2 percentage points for &lt; 65 years). Antalya and Trabzon showed the greatest 5-year ASRS and the largest survival gains over time across most cancers, while survival improvements in Erzurum were limited. In 2013–2017, 5-year ASRS for localised cancers were &gt; 95% for breast cancer in 7 out of 8 PBCRs, and &gt; 75% for colorectal cancer in all PBCRs. While survival for the most common cancers in Türkiye has improved, likely due to advances in the availability of and access to cancer treatment, further efforts are needed to address regional disparities and inform policy decisions across the provinces in Türkiye.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":180,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer","volume":"159 11","pages":"2676-2687"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148366248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Hippocampal Avoidance on Anxiety in Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Undergoing Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy: A Single-Center, Single-Arm, Prospective Clinical Trial","authors":"Xiujuan Gai,&nbsp;Shiqi Huang,&nbsp;Jinru Ye,&nbsp;Jiang Zeng,&nbsp;Jun Chen,&nbsp;Li Su,&nbsp;Feng Liu,&nbsp;Wenlong Lv,&nbsp;Mengshan Ni,&nbsp;Jinsheng Hong","doi":"10.1002/ijc.70631","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ijc.70631","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to investigate whether hippocampal avoidance (D₄₀ &lt; 15 Gy) could reduce anxiety incidence in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) undergoing intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), and to dynamically assess the anxiety incidence at 3 and 6 months after radiotherapy. A single-center, single-arm prospective clinical trial was conducted, enrolling eligible NPC patients who underwent hippocampal-sparing IMRT with the hippocampal D₄₀ &lt; 15 Gy. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess anxiety, and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was applied to evaluate cognitive function. Assessments were conducted at pre-radiotherapy, end of radiotherapy, 3- and 6-month post-radiotherapy. All 37 enrolled patients met the criterion of hippocampal D₄₀ ≤ 15 Gy. The incidence of anxiety was 0% (0/37) at the end of radiotherapy, which was lower than the 30.8% observed in the historical control group with hippocampal D₄₀ &gt; 15 Gy (<i>p</i> = 0.001). At 3 months post-radiotherapy, no patients developed anxiety (0/34, 0%), and the incidence was 3.0% (1/33) at 6 months. The median MMSE score remained 29 from pre-radiotherapy to the end of radiotherapy, and no significant decline in MMSE scores was observed at 3-and 6-month post-radiotherapy compared with pre-radiotherapy levels. Dosimetric evaluation confirmed acceptable target coverage, conformity, and homogeneity index. Collectively, hippocampal avoidance with bilateral D₄₀ &lt; 15 Gy was associated with a low incidence of anxiety in NPC patients undergoing IMRT without compromising target dose or cognitive function, providing a novel approach to improve quality of life.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":180,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer","volume":"159 11","pages":"2804-2812"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148589738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Versus Upfront Surgery for cT2N1 or cT3a-bN0-1 Middle-High Rectal Cancer","authors":"Jiahao Zhou,&nbsp;Yu Shen,&nbsp;Wenyu Huang,&nbsp;Xiangbing Deng,&nbsp;Mingtian Wei,&nbsp;Wenjian Meng,&nbsp;Qingbin Wu,&nbsp;Ziqiang Wang","doi":"10.1002/ijc.70660","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ijc.70660","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The optimal treatment strategy for patients with middle-high rectal cancer staged as cT2N1 or cT3a-bN0-1 without mesorectal fascia (MRF) involvement remains uncertain. Although guidelines suggest that neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) or upfront surgery may be considered, the survival outcomes of NCT compared with upfront surgery remain unclear. This retrospective cohort study included patients with middle-high rectal cancer staged as cT2N1 or cT3a-bN0-1 without MRF involvement who were treated at West China Hospital between January 2016 and June 2023. The primary endpoints were disease-free survival (DFS) and metastasis-free survival (MFS); secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and local recurrence-free survival (LRFS). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to reduce baseline confounding. 514 patients were included (262 in the upfront surgery group and 252 in the NCT group). After PSM, 201 pairs were matched. NCT followed by surgery was associated with improved DFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30–0.83; <i>p</i> = 0.008) and MFS (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.28–0.86; <i>p</i> = 0.01). The 3-year DFS rates were 90.5% and 81.6%, respectively, and the corresponding 3-year MFS rates were 92.0% and 84.0%. OS and LRFS were similar between groups. In this selected retrospective cohort of patients with middle-high rectal cancer staged as cT2N1 or cT3a-bN0-1 without MRF involvement, NCT followed by surgery was associated with improved DFS and MFS, whereas OS and LRFS did not differ significantly. Given the nonrandomized treatment allocation, differences in systemic therapy exposure, and potential unmeasured confounding, these findings require prospective randomized validation before routine practice change.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":180,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer","volume":"159 11","pages":"2813-2823"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148596952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA Methylation and Transcriptomic Profiles of Wilms Tumour Reveal New Deregulated Genes and Epigenetic Processes Relevant for Tumour Stratification and Management","authors":"Abu Saadat,&nbsp;Francesco Cecere,&nbsp;Federica Rossetti,&nbsp;Laura Pignata,&nbsp;Emilia D'Angelo,&nbsp;Carlo Giaccari,&nbsp;Gaetano Verde,&nbsp;Paola Quarello,&nbsp;Franca Fagioli,&nbsp;Josep Roma,&nbsp;Manel Esteller,&nbsp;Enrique de Álava,&nbsp;Flavia Cerrato,&nbsp;Andrea Riccio,&nbsp;Angela Sparago","doi":"10.1002/ijc.70680","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ijc.70680","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wilms Tumour (WT), the most common kidney cancer in children, presents features of altered kidney development and frequently exhibits molecular alterations at the 11p15.5 imprinted locus, affecting the <i>IGF2</i> and <i>H19</i> genes, which contribute to tumour growth and predisposition. The epigenetic landscape beyond 11p15.5 suggests diagnostic and prognostic potential, but its link to transcriptomic changes is largely unexplored. We integrated methylomic and transcriptomic datasets of 27 primary tumours and matched non-neoplastic kidneys. DNA methylation profiling identified around 9000 differentially methylated CpG sites distinguishing neoplastic from non-neoplastic tissue and other paediatric cancers, thus representing a novel WT-specific epigenetic signature. We found that cases with Imprinting Centre 1 (IC1) gain of methylation exhibited the most extensive epigenetic alterations; cases with 11p15.5 loss of heterozygosity showed intermediate changes, whereas regressive tumours with largely normal 11p15.5 status were less affected. Three methylation clusters corresponding to transcriptomic subtypes were identified, characterised by distinct tumour microenvironment and chemosensitivity predictions: a regressive-enriched, immune-infiltrated group predicted to respond to paclitaxel, a proliferative group sensitive to doxorubicin, and a stromal-like intermediate group. Combined analysis of methylation and expression data revealed more than 900 genes under epigenetic control, which contributed to defining the WT subtypes. Analysis of the <i>IGF2</i>/<i>H19</i> locus uncovered multiple regulatory mechanisms underlying <i>IGF2</i> activation, including imprinting defects at IC1, methylation changes at DMR0, differential promoter usage and transcriptional modulation by PLAG1 and BAHD1. These findings define the epigenetic alterations underlying WT heterogeneity and support improved molecular stratification and therapeutic approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":180,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer","volume":"159 11","pages":"2736-2754"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ijc.70680","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148629020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Socioeconomic Position and Diagnosis, Treatment and Survival of Patients With Stage I–III Rectal Cancer in the Netherlands","authors":"Suzanne E. N. de Vries,&nbsp;Felice N. van Erning,&nbsp;Mieke J. Aarts,&nbsp;Alice M. Couwenberg,&nbsp;Laskarina J. K. Galanos,&nbsp;Irene E. G. van Hellemond,&nbsp;Ignace H. J. T. de Hingh,&nbsp;Robin Lurvink,&nbsp;Iris D. Nagtegaal,&nbsp;Johannes H. W. de Wilt,&nbsp;Marloes A. G. Elferink","doi":"10.1002/ijc.70627","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ijc.70627","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Socioeconomic position (SEP) influences cancer care and outcomes, even in countries with government-funded healthcare. This population-based study examined associations between SEP, rectal cancer care and survival of patients in the Netherlands. Data from 25,995 patients with Stage I–III rectal cancer diagnosed between 2015 and 2023 were obtained from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. SEP was categorised as lower, intermediate or higher using income-based postal code data. Associations between SEP and detection method, treatments, and outcomes were analysed using multivariable logistic regression. Relative survival and relative excess risk (RER) of death were calculated using a generalised linear model. Compared to lower SEP, higher SEP patients were younger (median age 66 vs. 71 years), more often male (65% vs. 59%), had better performance status (71% vs. 52% PS0), fewer comorbidities (63% vs. 50% CCI 0) and lower obesity rates (15% vs. 23%). Higher rates of Stage I tumours (34% vs. 30%), screen-detection (45% vs. 38%), laparoscopic surgery use (93% vs. 90%), and lower rates of colostomies (64% vs. 71%) and adverse in-hospital outcomes (44% vs. 55%) were observed among higher SEP patients (all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Five-year relative survival improved with increasing SEP (79.5% lower, 82.4% intermediate, 84.9% higher SEP; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), with lower excess mortality for higher SEP patients (RER 0.90, 95% CI 0.81–0.99). SEP-related differences were observed in screening, stage at diagnosis, surgical treatment and survival. Although several disparities were partly explained by comorbidity and BMI, others persisted, highlighting the need for targeted strategies to reduce differences between SEP groups in rectal cancer management and outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":180,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer","volume":"159 11","pages":"2665-2675"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ijc.70627","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148443582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adjuvant Chemotherapy Regimens in Resected Biliary Tract Cancers: National, Comparative, Observational Study (TOG/GI-SAFRADJU-2501)","authors":"Erman Akkus,&nbsp;Mehmet Kayaalp,&nbsp;Müzeyyen Aslı Ergözoğlu,&nbsp;Ilgın Koç Kuş,&nbsp;Doğan Bayram,&nbsp;Bilgeşah Kılıçtaş,&nbsp;Emel Ayvaz Güneyin,&nbsp;Ali Kalem,&nbsp;Haydar Temizyürek,&nbsp;Mehmet Mutlu Çatlı,&nbsp;Mehmet Sinan Akarca,&nbsp;Maral Martin Mıldanoğlu,&nbsp;Görkem Turhan,&nbsp;Mahmut Kara,&nbsp;Hacı Arak,&nbsp;Feyza Arslan Tan,&nbsp;Burak Paçacı,&nbsp;Berkay Yeşilyurt,&nbsp;Orhun Akdoğan,&nbsp;Emine Bihter Çetin,&nbsp;Selahattin Çelik,&nbsp;Fatma Keskin Uzundere,&nbsp;Elif Şahin,&nbsp;Zehra Sadak Öcal,&nbsp;Lamia Şeker Can,&nbsp;Bahadır Köylü,&nbsp;Mehmet Cem Fidan,&nbsp;Esmanur Kaplan Tüzün,&nbsp;Teoman Şakalar,&nbsp;Elif Sertesen Çamöz,&nbsp;Haydar Çağatay Yüksel,&nbsp;Onur Yazdan Balçık,&nbsp;Pınar Peker,&nbsp;Mehmet Yılmaz,&nbsp;Şeymanur Ala Enli,&nbsp;Erdem Kölemen,&nbsp;Sibel Oyucu Orhan,&nbsp;Yakup Düzköprü,&nbsp;Mustafa Ersoy,&nbsp;Tuğba Akın Telli,&nbsp;Mesut Yılmaz,&nbsp;Yusuf İlhan,&nbsp;Atila Yıldırım,&nbsp;Ramazan Coşar,&nbsp;Müslih Ürün,&nbsp;Arif Hakan Önder,&nbsp;Murat Araz,&nbsp;Ertuğrul Bayram,&nbsp;Havva Yeşil Çınkır,&nbsp;Ali Alkan,&nbsp;Mustafa Gürbüz,&nbsp;Nilüfer Avcı,&nbsp;Fatma Paksoy Türköz,&nbsp;İsmail Oğuz Kara,&nbsp;Fatih Köse,&nbsp;İlkay Tuğba Ünek,&nbsp;Ahmet Bilici,&nbsp;Öznur Bal,&nbsp;Şuayib Yalçın,&nbsp;Lorenza Rimassa,&nbsp;Hatime Arzu Yaşar","doi":"10.1002/ijc.70623","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ijc.70623","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The recommended adjuvant chemotherapy (adj-ChT) regimen for resected biliary tract cancers (BTC) is capecitabine (Cape); yet, the recommendation is based on limited evidence. Although varied adj-ChTs have been employed in practice, robust real-world data is scarce. We conducted a national, multicenter, hospital-based registry study to evaluate adj-ChTs in resected BTCs. Patients who received adj-ChT (± radiotherapy) between 2010 and 2024 were included. Recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed by adjusted Cox-regression and propensity score-based inverse-probability-of-treatment-weighting (IPTW), addressing selection bias. Among 617 patients from 44 centers, 513 were eligible. The most frequent adj-ChTs were Cape (35.5% [<i>n</i> = 182]), gemcitabine–cisplatin (Gem-Cis; 22.4% [<i>n</i> = 115]), gemcitabine–capecitabine (Gem-Cape; 20.1% [<i>n</i> = 103]), and gemcitabine (Gem; 10.7% [<i>n</i> = 55]). Median RFS and OS with Cape were 19.7 (95% Confidence Interval [95% CI]: 14.2–41.1) and 41.9 months (95% CI: 25.9–69.2). In adjusted/controlled comparisons with Cape, no differences in RFS or OS were observed with Gem-Cis (RFS: Hazard Ratio [HR] 1.13 [95% CI: 0.77–1.66]; OS: HR: 1.03 [95% CI: 0.66–1.61]), Gem-Cape (RFS: HR 0.97 [95% CI: 0.68–1.38]; OS: HR: 0.81 [95% CI: 0.52–1.24]), or Gem (RFS: HR 1.00 [95% CI: 0.63–1.59]; OS: HR: 0.93 [95% CI: 0.55–1.57]). Similarly, IPTW analyses showed no difference in RFS and OS. Radiotherapy appeared to be associated with improved survival. Performance status, T-stage, lymph-node positivity, and R1-resection were independently associated with RFS and OS. In conclusion, this real-world study did not identify a regimen superior to Cape. Given the modest benefit of adj-ChTs, novel approaches, including neoadjuvant and targeted/immunotherapy strategies, are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":180,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer","volume":"159 11","pages":"2766-2777"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ijc.70623","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148350143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the Plasma Extracellular Vesicles Proteome: Predictors of Resistance in Immunotherapy of Advanced Melanoma","authors":"Julian Kött,&nbsp;Glenn Geidel,&nbsp;Carmen M. T. Roeper,&nbsp;Lucija Ačkar,&nbsp;Bente Siebels,&nbsp;Hannah Voß,&nbsp;Hartmut Schlüter,&nbsp;Michaela Schweizer,&nbsp;Kilian Müller,&nbsp;Alessandra Rünger,&nbsp;Tim Zell,&nbsp;Benjamin Deitert,&nbsp;Ali Zeinal-Abedini,&nbsp;Isabel Heidrich,&nbsp;Stefan W. Schneider,&nbsp;Klaus Pantel,&nbsp;Daniel J. Smit,&nbsp;Christoffer Gebhardt","doi":"10.1002/ijc.70650","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ijc.70650","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite substantial clinical benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), advanced melanoma remains challenging due to frequent treatment resistance. Resistance may be intrinsic (primary) or emerge over time (secondary). Biomarkers predicting distinct resistance phenotypes before therapy are lacking. As key mediators of cellular communication, extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent promising biomarkers. This study aimed to identify baseline EV proteome–derived pathways and biomarkers associated with overall, primary, and secondary resistance to ICI in advanced melanoma and to derive biomarker signatures predictive of progression-free survival (PFS). EVs were isolated from pretreatment plasma samples of 46 patients with advanced melanoma using size exclusion chromatography and ultracentrifugation. Proteomic profiling was performed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry using DIA-NN. Pathway enrichment and network analyses were conducted using Reactome, Metascape, Cytoscape, and DAVID. Resistance-associated proteins were integrated into composite biomarker signatures and evaluated for association with PFS. Overall resistance was characterized by enrichment of platelet- and complement-associated pathways. Primary resistance was associated with enhanced Fc gamma receptor (FCGR) signaling and downregulation of KSRP-associated post-transcriptional regulatory processes. In contrast, secondary resistance was preceded by distinct baseline EV proteomic patterns involving complement activation and reduced hemostasis- and platelet-related pathways. EV-derived biomarker signatures for overall, primary, and secondary resistance independently discriminated patients according to PFS. Baseline plasma EV proteomics reveals distinct systemic biological programs associated with different resistance phenotypes to ICI in advanced melanoma. EV-derived biomarker signatures enable stratification by PFS and warrant validation in larger, multicentric cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":180,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer","volume":"159 11","pages":"2824-2834"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ijc.70650","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148429516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}