Life Sciences in Space Research最新文献

{"title":"Hydroponics for plant cultivation in space – a white paper","authors":"Karl H. Hasenstein,&nbsp;Nicholas M. Miklave","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2024.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2024.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The microgravity conditions experienced in space prevent the proper distribution of water throughout root modules of plant growth hardware, and the lack of convective mixing and buoyancy reduces gas exchange. To overcome this problem, cultivation technologies should be designed that take advantage of the unique traits of the spaceflight environment instead of attempting to recreate Earth-like conditions. Such technologies should be adaptable to both the microgravity of spaceflight and the low gravity environments of the lunar and Martian surface. Current space plant cultivation relies on traditional terrestrial practices and uses porous substrates that are nutrient poor and difficult to regenerate, and does not consider the dominance of surface- or thermal gradient-controlled rather than gravity-controlled water flow in space as a potential beneficial property. We propose systems that control water dispensation and removal by parallel but independent means in a soil-free cultivation system that is adaptable and expandable to crops of varying sizes and shallow or deep rooting plants. Water dispensation and removal in a substrate-free hydroponic system can be achieved through the misting of nutrient solutions combined with special root module geometry and temperature gradients. The use of hydrogels as substrate, and a means of providing required nutrients and water for plant cultivation in space, can aid in the transition to low-gravity systems by eventual incorporation of on-site regolith to establish Earth-like soil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"43 ","pages":"Pages 13-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141506741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Space radiation research with heavy ions at HIMAC","authors":"Satoshi Kodaira ,&nbsp;Eric Benton ,&nbsp;Yoshiyuki Iwata ,&nbsp;Takahiro Makino ,&nbsp;Jack Miller ,&nbsp;Takeshi Ohshima ,&nbsp;Yukio Uchihori ,&nbsp;Cary Zeitlin","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The HIMAC (Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba) was originally designed principally for carbon ion therapy, but heavy ion research projects in medicine, physics, chemistry and biology have been conducted under a collaborative research framework since 1994. One major application is space radiation research. The radiation in space of greatest interest for human space exploration consists of energetic protons and heavy ions which can affect the health of space crew and lead to the failure of electronic devices. Ground-based experiments at heavy ion accelerators are crucial for ensuring mission crew safety and for understanding the biological effects of long-term exposure to space radiation. HIMAC provides a range of linear energy transfer (LET) beams from protons to Xe ions at energies up to 800 MeV/u, representing the most biologically-significant components of the space radiation field. At HIMAC a variety of radiation detectors and instruments are characterized and calibrated for dosimetry using specific mono-energetic heavy ion beams, the performance of shielding materials for mitigating space radiation dose is evaluated, radiation hardness of electronic devices is tested to ensure their safe operation in space, and the radiobiological studies are conducted to understand biological effects in humans during long-term space activities. HIMAC is an indispensable simulator of space radiation for the new decade of space exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"43 ","pages":"Pages 4-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioregenerative dietary supplementation in space: Brassica rapa var. nipposinica and other Brassica cultivars","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2023.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2023.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite the precise environmental manipulation enabled by controlled environment agriculture (CEA), plant genotype remains a key factor in producing desirable traits. <em>Brassica rapa</em> var. <em>nipposinica</em> (mizuna) is a leading candidate for supplementing deficiencies in the space diet, however, which cultivar of mizuna will respond best to the environment of the international space station (ISS) is unknown. It is also unclear if there are more inter-varietal (mizuna - mustards) or intra-varietal (mizuna - mizuna) differences in response to the ISS environment. Twenty-two cultivars of mustard greens, including 13 cultivars of mizuna, were grown under ISS-like conditions to determine which would provide the greatest yield and highest concentrations of carotenoids, anthocyanins, calcium, potassium, iron, magnesium, ascorbic acid, thiamine, and phylloquinone. The experiment was conducted thrice, and data were analyzed to determine which cultivar is most suited for further optimization of space-based cultivation. It was found that phylloquinone and β-carotene concentrations did not vary between cultivars, while all other metrics of interest showed some variation. ‘Amara’ mustard (<em>B. carinata</em>) provided the best overall nutritional profile, despite its low biomass yield of 36.8 g, producing concentrations of 27.85, 0.40, and 0.65 mg·<em>g</em> ⁻ ¹ of ascorbic acid, thiamine, and lutein, respectively. Of the mizuna cultivars evaluated, open pollinated mibuna provided the best profile, while 'Red Hybrid’ mizuna provided a complimentary profile to that of ‘Amara’, minimally increasing dietary iron while providing beneficial anthocyanins lacking in ‘Amara’.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"42 ","pages":"Pages 140-147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214552423000846/pdfft?md5=d4cefc51a6af872eeb753e0507f717ab&pid=1-s2.0-S2214552423000846-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139029252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organ dose equivalents of albedo protons and neutrons under exposure to large solar particle events during lunar human landing missions","authors":"Sungmin Pak ,&nbsp;Francis A. Cucinotta","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lssr.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Astronauts participating in lunar landing missions will encounter exposure to albedo particles emitted from the lunar surface as well as primary high-energy particles in the spectra of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) and solar particle events (SPEs). While existing studies have examined particle energy spectra and absorbed doses in limited radiation exposure scenarios on and near the Moon, comprehensive research encompassing various shielding amounts and large SPEs on the lunar surface remains lacking. Additionally, detailed organ dose equivalents of albedo particles in a human model on the lunar surface have yet to be investigated. This work assesses the organ dose equivalents of albedo neutrons and albedo protons during historically large SPEs in August 1972 and September 1989 utilizing realistic computational anthropomorphic human phantom for the first time. Dosimetric quantities within human organs have been evaluated based on the PHITS Monte Carlo simulation results and quality factors of the state-of-the-art NASA Space Cancer Risk (NSCR) model, as well as ICRP publications. The results with the NSCR model indicate that the albedo contribution to organ dose equivalent is less than 3 % for 1 g/cm² aluminum shielding, while it increases to more than 30 % in some organs for 50 g/cm² aluminum shielding during exposure to low-energy-proton-rich SPEs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"42 ","pages":"Pages 133-139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141605827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated analysis of miRNAome and transcriptome reveals that microgravity induces the alterations of critical functional gene modules via the regulation of miRNAs in short-term space-flownC. elegans","authors":"Xinye He ,&nbsp;Lei Zhao ,&nbsp;Baohang Huang ,&nbsp;Ge Zhang ,&nbsp;Ye Lu ,&nbsp;Dong Mi ,&nbsp;Yeqing Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lssr.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microgravity, as a unique hazardous factor encountered in space, can induce a series of harmful effects on living organisms. The impact of microgravity on the pivotal functional gene modules stemming from gene enrichment analysis via the regulation of miRNAs is not fully illustrated. To explore the microgravity-induced alterations in critical functional gene modules via the regulation of miRNAs, in the present study, we proposed a novel bioinformatics algorithm for the integrated analysis of miRNAome and transcriptome from short-term space-flown <em>C. elegans</em>. The samples of <em>C. elegans</em> were exposed to two space conditions, namely spaceflight (SF) and spaceflight control (SC) onboard the International Space Station for 4 days. Additionally, the samples of ground control (GC) were included for comparative analysis. Using the present algorithm, we constructed regulatory networks of functional gene modules annotated from differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their associated regulatory differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs). The results showed that functional gene modules of molting cycle, defense response, fatty acid metabolism, lysosome, and longevity regulating pathway were facilitated by 25 down-regulated DEmiRNAs (e.g., cel-miR-792, cel-miR-65, cel-miR-70, cel-lsy-6, cel-miR-796, etc.) in the SC vs. GC groups, whereas these modules were inhibited by 13 up-regulated DEmiRNAs (e.g., cel-miR-74, cel-miR-229, cel-miR-70, cel-miR-249, cel-miR-85, etc.) in the SF vs. GC groups. These findings indicated that microgravity could significantly alter gene expression patterns and their associated functional gene modules in short-term space-flown <em>C. elegans</em>. Additionally, we identified 34 miRNAs as post-transcriptional regulators that modulated these functional gene modules under microgravity conditions. Through the experimental verification, our results demonstrated that microgravity could induce the down-regulation of five critical functional gene modules (i.e., molting cycle, defense response, fatty acid metabolism, lysosome, and longevity regulating pathways) via the regulation of miRNAs in short-term space-flown <em>C. elegans</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"42 ","pages":"Pages 117-132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141582748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultivation and nutritional characteristics of Chlorella vulgaris cultivated using Martian regolith and synthetic urine","authors":"Mattia Casula ,&nbsp;Giacomo Fais ,&nbsp;Cristina Manis ,&nbsp;Paola Scano ,&nbsp;Cyprien Verseux ,&nbsp;Alessandro Concas ,&nbsp;Giacomo Cao ,&nbsp;Pierluigi Caboni","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2024.06.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lssr.2024.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Long-term spatial missions will require sustainable methods for biomass production using locally available resources. This study investigates the feasibility of cultivating <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em>, a high value microalgal specie, using a leachate of Martian regolith and synthetic human urine as nutrient sources. The microalga was grown in a standard medium (BBM) mixed with 0, 20, 40, 60, or 100 % Martian medium (MM). MM did not significantly affect final biomass concentrations. Total carbohydrate and protein contents decreased with increasing MM fractions between 0 % and 60 %, but biomass in the 100% MM showed the highest levels of carbohydrates and proteins (25.2 ± 0.9 % and 37.1 ± 1.4 % of the dry weight, respectively, against 19.0 ± 1.7 % and 32.0 ± 2.7 % in the absence of MM). In all MM-containing media, the fraction of the biomass represented by total lipids was lower (by 3.2 to 4.5%) when compared to BBM. Conversely, total carotenoids increased, with the highest value (97.3 ± 1.5 mg/100 g) measured with 20% MM. In a three-dimensional principal component analysis of triacylglycerols, samples clustered according to growth media; a strong impact of growth media on triacylglycerol profiles was observed. Overall, our findings suggest that microalgal biomass produced using regolith and urine can be used as a valuable component of astronauts’ diet during missions to Mars.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"42 ","pages":"Pages 108-116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214552424000658/pdfft?md5=ab29673c8bc23f8200a7555d4eb65881&pid=1-s2.0-S2214552424000658-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141487062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impedance threshold device as a countermeasure for spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS): Mitigating mechanisms in proposed pathophysiology","authors":"Mohammed Tayyib Masood ,&nbsp;Jen-Wei (Willy) Wang ,&nbsp;Eleni Angeliki Zoumi ,&nbsp;Kinshuk Jain ,&nbsp;Alex Suh ,&nbsp;Joshua Ong ,&nbsp;Ethan Waisberg ,&nbsp;Mouayad Masalkhi ,&nbsp;Andrew G. Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Long-duration spaceflight (LDSF) is associated with unique hazards and linked with numerous human health risks including Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS). The proposed mechanisms for SANS include microgravity induced cephalad fluid shift and increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP). SANS is a disorder seen only after LDSF and has no direct terrestrial pathologic counterpart as the zero G environment cannot be completely replicated on Earth. Head-down tilt, bed rest studies however have been used as a terrestrial analog and produce the cephalad fluid shift. Some proposed countermeasures for SANS include vasoconstrictive thigh cuffs and lower body negative pressure. Another potential researched countermeasure is the impedance threshold device (ITD) which can reduce ICP. We review the mechanisms of the ITD and its potential use as a countermeasure for SANS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"42 ","pages":"Pages 99-107"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141410381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbes and nutrient shift in a Closed Aquatic Ecosystem (CAES) during four weeks of operation","authors":"Peifan Gu ,&nbsp;Xianyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Anji Chen ,&nbsp;Qing Tian ,&nbsp;Jing Zhang ,&nbsp;Tao Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Li ,&nbsp;Gaohong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lssr.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A Closed Aquatic Ecosystem (CAES) housed an aquatic plant <em>Ceratophyllum demersum</em>, zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>), and microbes that were simultaneously obtained with the zebrafish, and it was used to study the operation of the ecosystem. The results indicated that the CAES can operate steadily for about 4 weeks. The dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and conductivity values of the ecosystem regularly oscillated, while the total nitrogen of the water decreased and the total phosphate slightly increased. Additionally, the chemical oxygen demand (COD, a measure of organic compounds) of the water after the experiment increased to 39 times more than that of the water before the experiment. The meta-genomic data showed that the number of genera decreased by 38 % and the top 10 most abundant genera were almost completely different before and after the experiment, which demonstrated a great shift in the microbes during the operation process. These results suggested that although the CAES operated steadily during the 28-day experiment, there were more organic materials and less nitrogen in the water by the end of the experiment, which may have influenced the structure and operation of the ecosystem. Thus, it is necessary to remove superfluous plant biomass from the CAES and supply nitrogen to keep the ecosystem stable.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"42 ","pages":"Pages 91-98"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141314253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Musculoskeletal perturbations of deep space radiation: Assessment using a Gateway MRI","authors":"Amandine Jullienne ,&nbsp;Mackenzie Malo ,&nbsp;Keely Shaw ,&nbsp;Yuwen Zheng ,&nbsp;James D Johnston ,&nbsp;Saija Kontulainen ,&nbsp;Philip D Chilibeck ,&nbsp;Ekaterina Dadachova ,&nbsp;Andre Obenaus ,&nbsp;Gordon E Sarty","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2024.05.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lssr.2024.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Human space exploration expansion from Low-Earth Orbit to deep space is accelerating the need to monitor and address the known health concerns related to deep space radiation. The human musculoskeletal system is vulnerable to these risks (alongside microgravity) and its health reflects the well-being of other body systems. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important approach for assessing temporal physiological changes in the musculoskeletal system. We propose that ultra-low-field MRI provides an optimal low Size Weight and Power (SwaP) solution for non-invasively monitoring muscle and bone changes on the planned <em>Gateway</em> lunar space station. Our proposed ultra-low-field <em>Gateway</em> MRI meets low SWaP design specifications mandated by limited room in the lunar space station. This review summarizes the current state of our knowledge on musculoskeletal consequences of spaceflight, especially with respect to radiation, and then elaborates how MRI can be used to monitor the deleterious effects of space travel and the efficacy of putative countermeasures. We argue that an ultra-low-field MRI in cis-lunar space on the <em>Gateway</em> can provide valuable research and medical insights into the effects of deep space radiation exposure on astronauts. Such an MRI would also allow the development of imaging protocols that would facilitate Earth-bound teams to monitor space personnel musculoskeletal changes during future interplanetary spaceflight. It will especially have a role in monitoring countermeasures, such as the use of melanin, in protecting space explorers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"42 ","pages":"Pages 74-83"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214552424000622/pdfft?md5=b38630656a44bcac5211b1afe69c3ee9&pid=1-s2.0-S2214552424000622-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141241394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A polymerase chain reaction experiment using Escherichia coli and Mars sand simulant for detection and analysis of extraterrestrial life","authors":"Keigo Enya ,&nbsp;Satoshi Sasaki ,&nbsp;Taiki Kunieda","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we conducted polymerase chain reaction (PCR) experiments using <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) and a Mars sand simulant (Mars Global Simulant MGS-1, Exolith Lab) to detect and analyze potential extraterrestrial life. The targeted DNA sequence is common among the bacterial kingdom on Earth. PCR experiments conducted after alkaline heat extraction, wherein samples with varying amounts of Mars sand simulant were compared, revealed that the simulant interfered with DNA detection. We then conducted PCR experiments following treatment with a sand DNA extraction kit on samples with various <em>E. coli</em> densities. DNA bands for a minimum <em>E. coli</em> density of 900 cells/(g sand) were confirmed, while no DNA bands were visible in the 90 cells/(g sand) sample with and without the Mars sand simulant. The total DNA mass contained in 900 cells was calculated to be 15.3 pg (i.e., 1.53 pg in 0.1 g sand sample we evaluated). We tested and compared the influence of the eluate of Mars sand simulant and DNA adsorption onto Mars sand simulant based on optical absorbance measurements. Our findings suggest that the mechanism by which the Mars sand simulant prevents PCR is through the adsorption of DNA onto the Mars sand simulant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"42 ","pages":"Pages 84-90"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214552424000610/pdfft?md5=636150b80cc1f7b27f024fbfc6c2710a&pid=1-s2.0-S2214552424000610-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141143655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}