Life Sciences in Space Research最新文献

{"title":"Reduced gravity effects on gait coordinative structures","authors":"Elizabeth Smith ,&nbsp;John Fitzgerald ,&nbsp;Grant Tomkinson ,&nbsp;Pablo De Leon ,&nbsp;Jesse Rhoades ,&nbsp;Sophie Orr","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2023.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2023.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Humans have stepped on the Lunar surface for less than 80 h of </span>Extravehicular Activity<span>, providing a narrow understanding of Lunar gait patterns. NASA's Human-crewed Artemis missions are quickly approaching; understanding how fractional gravity affects gait patterns will be critical for the Moon's<span> and Mars' long-term habitation. This study examined gait patterns under 1.0 g (Earth), simulated 0.38 g (Martian), and 0.17 g (Lunar). Participants walked and ran on a treadmill supported by ARGOS (Active Response Gravity Offload System), simulating fractional gravity. Vicon motion capture data and principal component analysis software were used to capture and quantify coordinated gait structures. There were found to be significant differences (</span></span></span><em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) in the coordinative gait structures for ambulation between fractional gravity conditions. Additionally, there were significantly higher asymmetric gait components for Lunar conditions. Finally, a skipping coordinative structure was identified within Lunar and Martian running.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9912163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Galactic cosmic ray environment predictions for the NASA BioSentinel mission","authors":"S. Rahmanian ,&nbsp;T.C. Slaba ,&nbsp;L.A. Braby ,&nbsp;S.R. Santa Maria ,&nbsp;S. Bhattacharya ,&nbsp;T. Straume","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2023.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2023.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>BioSentinel is a nanosatellite deployed from Artemis-I designed to conduct in-situ biological measurements on yeast cells in the deep </span>space radiation<span><span> environment. Along with the primary goal of measuring damage and response in cells exposed during spaceflight, on-board active dosimetry will provide measurements of the radiation field encountered behind moderate shielding provided by the BioSentinel housing and internal components. The measurements are particularly important to enable interpretation of biological observations but also provide an opportunity to validate integrated </span>computational models used to calculate radiation environments. In this work, models are used to predict the galactic cosmic ray exposure anticipated for the BioSentinel payload and on-board dosimeter. The model calculations presented herein were completed prior to the Artemis-I launch on November 16, 2022, and therefore represent actual predictions (i.e., unbiased by </span></span><em>a priori</em> knowledge of on-board measurements). Such time-forward predictions are rarely performed for space radiation applications due to limitations of environmental models, but truly independent model validation will be possible in the future when on-board measurements become available. The method used to facilitate future projections within an existing GCR (galactic cosmic ray) environmental model is described, and projection uncertainties are quantified and contextualized.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10210909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increase in steryl glycoside levels and stimulation of lipid raft formation in azuki bean epicotyls under hypergravity conditions","authors":"Takeshi Sakaki ,&nbsp;Tomoko Koizumi ,&nbsp;Yosuke Ikeido ,&nbsp;Kouichi Soga ,&nbsp;Kazuyuki Wakabayashi ,&nbsp;Takayuki Hoson","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2023.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2023.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sterols are the main components of the plasma membrane and are involved in various plant membrane functions. Azuki bean (<em>Vigna angularis</em> (Wild.) Ohwi et Ohashi) seedlings were cultivated under hypergravity conditions, and changes in the levels and composition of membrane sterols in their epicotyls were analyzed. Under hypergravity conditions at 300 <em>g</em>, the levels of steryl glycosides and acyl steryl glycosides per unit length and per gram fresh weight greatly increased, which accounted for an increase in the total sterol levels. Stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, and campesterol were the most abundant sterols. Hypergravity decreased the proportion of stigmasterol but increased that of β-sitosterol. The fatty chains of acyl steryl glycosides mainly consisted of palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), linoleic acid (C18:2), and α-linolenic acid (C18:3), and their proportions were not modified under hypergravity conditions. In addition, the density of membrane microdomains, visualized with anti-Flotillin 1 antibody per unit area, increased by hypergravity, suggesting that lipid raft formation was stimulated. These results support the hypothesis that lipid rafts are involved in plant response and resistance to gravity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9912165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"缺氧条件下GC-1细胞凋亡的作用机制研究","authors":"宋诚 | 王纪田 | 石拴霞 | 何毅刚 | 程耀萍 | 王甜 | 王玲","doi":"10.16605/j.cnki.1007-7847.2023.03.0142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16605/j.cnki.1007-7847.2023.03.0142","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142026605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effect of Baoyuan Jieyu formula on long-term spaceflight composite stress-induced depressive-like behavior and memory deficits through regulation of Ca2+ channel currents","authors":"Yishu Yin ,&nbsp;Xiaorui Wu ,&nbsp;Yuanbing Zhu ,&nbsp;Junlian Liu ,&nbsp;Quanchun Fan ,&nbsp;Shuang Zhao ,&nbsp;Jiaping Wang ,&nbsp;Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Yongzhi Li ,&nbsp;Weihong Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2023.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2023.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Long-term spaceflight composite stress (LSCS) can cause adverse effects on human systems, especially the central nervous system. This study aimed to identify the underlying mechanisms of the protective effect of Baoyuan Jieyu Formula (BYJYF) on LSCS-induced depressive-like behavior and memory deficits. In this experiment, we simulated the real space station environment for a period of 42 days. Novel object recognition test<span><span> and forced swimming test were used to assess the memory abilities and depression level of rats as well as test the therapeutic effects of BYJYF treatment. Results showed LSCS could induce depressive-like behavior and damage short-term memory in the behavioral level, and BYJYF could enhance the ability to resist LSCS. Meanwhile, LSCS increased the levels of </span>CRH<span><span>, ACTH<span>, and CORT and induced HPA axis hyperactivity, which can be relieved by BYJYF. Further, we predicted and verified the potential </span></span>signaling pathways of BYJYF. Results showed BYJYF may reverse the inhibition of LSCS on Ca</span></span></span>²⁺ channel currents. And we also found that BYJYF may exert its medicinal effects via four main active components including saikosaponin A. Overall, BYJYF exhibited protective effects against LSCS-induced depressive-like behavior and memory deficits, which might be ascribed to the regulation of Ca²⁺ channel currents and four active components. And it might become a promising candidate medicine for diseases induced by LSCS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79355595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"10-min exposure to a 2.5% hypercapnic environment increases cerebral blood blow but does not impact executive function","authors":"Mustafa Shirzad ,&nbsp;James Van Riesen ,&nbsp;Nikan Behboodpour ,&nbsp;Matthew Heath","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2023.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2023.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Space travel and exploration are associated with increased ambient CO₂<span> (i.e., a hypercapnic environment). Some work reported that the physiological changes (e.g., increased cerebral blood flow [CBF]) associated with a chronic hypercapnic environment contributes to a “space fog” that adversely impacts cognition and psychomotor performance, whereas other work reported no change or a positive change. Here, we employed the antisaccade task to evaluate whether transient exposure to a hypercapnic environment influences top-down executive function (EF). Antisaccades require a goal-directed eye movement mirror-symmetrical to a target and are an ideal tool for identifying subtle EF changes. Healthy young adults (aged 19–25 years) performed blocks of antisaccade trials prior to (i.e., pre-intervention), during (i.e., concurrent) and after (i.e., post-intervention) 10-min of breathing factional inspired CO</span>₂ (FiCO₂) of 2.5% (i.e., hypercapnic condition) and during a normocapnic (i.e., control) condition. In both conditions, CBF, ventilatory and cardiorespiratory responses were measured. Results showed that the hypercapnic condition increased CBF, ventilation and end-tidal CO₂ and thus demonstrated an expected physiological adaptation to increased FiCO₂. Notably, however, null hypothesis <em>and</em> equivalence tests indicated that concurrent and post-intervention antisaccade reaction times were refractory to the hypercapnic environment; that is, transient exposure to a FiCO₂ of 2.5% did not produce a real-time or lingering influence on an oculomotor-based measure of EF. Accordingly, results provide a framework that – in part – establishes the FiCO₂ percentage and timeline by which high-level EF can be maintained. Future work will explore CBF and EF dynamics during chronic hypercapnic exposure as more direct proxy for the challenges of space flight and exploration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84141469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Results from the Radiation Assessment Detector on the International Space Station: Part 3, combined results from the CPD and FND","authors":"C. Zeitlin, A. Castro, K.B. Beard, B. Hayes, M. Abdelmelek, D. Laramore, A. Johnson, N. Stoffle, R. Wimmer–Schweingruber, S. Löffler, R. Rios","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2023.06.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lssr.2023.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77657439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residual Radiation Risk Disparities Across Sex and Race or Ethnic Groups for Lifetime Never-Smokers on Lunar Missions","authors":"F. Cucinotta, Premkumar B. Saganti","doi":"10.1101/2023.06.04.23290952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.06.04.23290952","url":null,"abstract":"In the current decade missions to the Earths moon are of scientific and societal interest, however pose the problem of risks of late effects for returning crew persons, most importantly cancer and circulatory diseases. In this paper, we discuss NSCR-2022 model risk estimates for lunar missions for US racial and ethnic groups comparing never-smokers to US averages for each group and sex. We show that differences within groups between men and women are largely reduced for NS compared to the average population. Race and ethnic group dependent cancer and circulatory disease risks are reduced by 10% to 40% for NS with the largest decrease for Whites. Circulatory disease risks are changed by less than 10% for NS and in several cases modestly increased due to increased lifespan for NS. Asian-Pacific Islander (API) and Hispanics NS are at lower risk compared to Whites and Blacks. Differences between groups is narrowed for NS compared to predictions for average populations, however disparities remain especially for Blacks and to a lesser extent Whites compared to API or Hispanic NS groups.","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81128297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemerocallis citrina Baroni ameliorates chronic sleep deprivation-induced cognitive deficits and depressive-like behaviours in mice","authors":"Ning Jiang ,&nbsp;Yiwen Zhang ,&nbsp;Caihong Yao ,&nbsp;Fang Chen ,&nbsp;Yupei Liu ,&nbsp;Yuzhen Chen ,&nbsp;Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary ,&nbsp;Xinmin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2023.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2023.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sleep deprivation (SD) is common during spaceflight. SD is known to cause cognitive deficits and depression, requiring treatment and prevention. <span><em>Hemerocallis</em><em> citrina</em></span> Baroni (Liliaceae) is a perennial herb with antidepressant, antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects.The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of <em>H. citrina</em><span><span><span><span> extract (HCE) on SD-induced cognitive decline and depression-like behavior and possible neuroinflammation-related mechanisms. HCE (2 g/kg/day, i.g.) or vortioxetine (10 mg/kg/day, i.g.) were given to mice by oral gavage for a total of 28 days during the SD process. HCE treatment was found to ameliorate SD-induced impairment of short- and long-term spatial and nonspatial memory, measured using Y-maze, object recognition, and </span>Morris water maze tests, as well as mitigating SD-induced depression-like behaviors, measured by tail suspension and </span>forced swimming tests. HCE also reduced the levels of </span>inflammatory cytokines<span> (IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-6) in the serum and hippocampus. Furthermore, HCE suppressed SD-induced microglial activation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) regions of the hippocampus. HCE also inhibited the expression of phosphorylated NF-κB and activation of the NLRP3<span> inflammasome. In summary, our findings indicated that HCE attenuated SD-induced cognitive impairment and depression-like behavior and that this effect may be mediated by the inhibition of inflammatory progression and microglial activation in the hippocampus, as well as the down-regulation of NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling. The findings of these studies showingTthese results indicate that HCE exerts neuroprotective effects and are consistent with the findings of previous studies, suggesting that HCE is beneficial for the prevention and treatment of cognitive decline and depression in SD.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85661428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Targeted Effects and Space Radiation Risks for Astronauts on Multiple International Space Stations and Lunar Missions","authors":"F. Cucinotta","doi":"10.1101/2023.05.26.23290464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.05.26.23290464","url":null,"abstract":"Future space travel to the earths moon or the planet mars will likely lead to the selection of experienced International Space Station (ISS) or lunar crew persons for subsequent lunar or Mars missions. The major risk for space travel is the galactic cosmic rays (GCR) risks of cancer, circulatory diseases and detriments in cognition. However large uncertainties in risk prediction occur due to the quantitative and qualitative differences in heavy ion microscopic energy deposition leading to differences in biological effects compared to low LET radiation. In addition, there are sparse radiobiology data and absence of epidemiology data for heavy ions and other high LET radiation. Non-targeted effects (NTEs) are found in radiobiology studies to increase the biological effectiveness of high let radiation at low dose for cancer related endpoints. In this paper the most recent version of the NASA Space Cancer Risk model (NSCR-2022) is used to predict mission risks while considering NTEs in solid cancer risk predictions. I discuss predictions of space radiation risks of cancer and circulatory disease mortality for US Whites and US Asian-Pacific Islander (API) populations for 6-month ISS, 80-day lunar missions, and combined ISS-lunar mission crews are made. Results predict NTE increase cancer risks by about ~2.3 fold over a model that ignores NTEs. US API are predicted to have a lower cancer risks of about 30% compared to US Whites. Cancer risks are slightly less than additive for multiple missions, which is due to the increased competition with background risks as radiation risks increase. The inclusion of circulatory risks increases mortality estimates about 25% and 37% for females and males, respectively in the model ignoring NTEs, and 20% and 30% when NTEs are assumed to modify solid cancer risk. The predictions made here for combined ISS and lunar missions suggest risks are within risk limit recommendations of the NCRP for such missions.","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81990173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}