Life Sciences in Space Research最新文献

{"title":"Plasma exchange as a neuroprotective strategy for post-spaceflight neuroinflammation in astronauts","authors":"Yamac Akgun","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extended space missions, such as upcoming crewed explorations to Mars, pose significant physiological challenges, including neuroinflammation due to microgravity, cosmic radiation, and prolonged confinement. This article explores therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) as a potential countermeasure to mitigate post-spaceflight neuroinflammation by reducing circulating neurotoxic factors, stabilizing the blood-brain barrier, and replenishing protective plasma proteins. By examining parallels between spaceflight-induced neurological effects and terrestrial neurodegenerative conditions, we propose that TPE could serve as a viable intervention for astronaut health. The implementation of space-compatible apheresis technologies could play a crucial role in sustaining cognitive function and long-term brain health for deep-space travelers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 95-97"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approaching ocular risks during spaceflight with 3D printing: Technical strategies to protect astronaut vision","authors":"Saif Pasha ,&nbsp;Joshua Ong ,&nbsp;Yannie Guo ,&nbsp;Ryung Lee ,&nbsp;Ethan Waisberg ,&nbsp;Andrew G. Lee ,&nbsp;Prithul Sarker ,&nbsp;Alireza Tavakkoli","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-duration spaceflight poses significant risks to ocular health due to prolonged microgravity exposure and space environmental stressors, contributing to conditions such as Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS) and Spaceflight-Associated Dry Eye Syndrome (SADES). These conditions, along with radiation exposure and risk of ocular trauma in resource-limited environments, necessitate development of innovative countermeasures to safeguard astronauts' vision, particularly for future planetary missions such as Mars. Traditional ophthalmic care depends on specialized equipment and materials impractical for cargo limitations and transport in space, highlighting the need for adaptive solutions.</div><div>Advances in 3D printing and bioprinting offer an innovative approach to space ophthalmology by enabling on-demand fabrication of customized eyewear, contact lenses, moisture chambers, radiation-shielding lenses, and surgical tools. Furthermore, emerging bioprinting capabilities may facilitate production of biocompatible tissues for ocular repair. The precision, adaptability, and mission-specific applicability of 3D printing provide a strategic advantage to address preventive and therapeutic ocular health needs. However, challenges include optimizing biocompatible materials, refining high-resolution printing techniques, and ensuring structural and functional viability of printed tissues in space conditions. Further research is required to improve material durability, integrate protective elements such as boron nitride nanotubes, and adapt 3D printing processes to the constraints of microgravity.</div><div>Beyond space medicine, 3D printing applications in space can drive innovations for ophthalmic care on Earth, from customized intraocular lenses to regenerative therapies. This review highlights the critical role of 3D printing in space ophthalmology and need for continued development and deployment to ensure success of future deep-space missions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 98-104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An emerging paradigm for scientific decision: the AI evaluation of space science projects","authors":"Qiwen Deng ,&nbsp;Yanzhong Wen ,&nbsp;Chaosen Liu ,&nbsp;Xinyang Yue ,&nbsp;Jianfei Sun ,&nbsp;Yuexia Han","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the past six decades, the progress of spaceflight projects has won the admiration of the whole world. However, how to evaluate the values of research projects remains an esoteric and cost effective question. To improve the selections in space science projects, we utilized AI tools to provide an overall framework for broader audience. Our work conducted a three-phased study. We explored space life science research as it is one of the most intensively researched areas in space science. We learned the domain science data and constructed a space science knowledge graph. Subsequently, to better extract semantic features, we introduced SpaceBERT, a pre-trained language model fine-tuned with contrastive learning. We then developed SpaceGL, a deep learning framework tailored for predicting frontier research. Lastly, we prioritized candidate space experimental projects based on AI model and compared with the real results from the science panel judges and the “Lottery model.”</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 84-94"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Space radiation and risk for ocular surface malignancies: Exposure risk, current mitigation strategies, and management considerations for a mission to Mars","authors":"Raghuram V. Reddy ,&nbsp;Joshua Ong ,&nbsp;Ryung Lee ,&nbsp;Ritu Sampige ,&nbsp;Ethan Waisberg ,&nbsp;C.Robert Gibson ,&nbsp;John Berdahl ,&nbsp;Thomas H. Mader","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ocular surface tumors, originating from either the conjunctiva or the cornea, primarily fall into three categories of malignant or premalignant neoplasms: ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN), ocular surface melanocytic tumors, and conjunctival lymphoid tumors. These neoplasms can originate from either the conjunctiva or the cornea. Exposure to space radiation, particularly galactic cosmic rays, and solar particle events, poses a significant threat to astronaut health, including the development of ocular malignancies. As such, the objective of this study was to describe the exposure risk for ocular surface malignancies, current mitigation strategies, and management considerations for a mission to Mars. The current mitigation strategies for space radiation include physical and structural shielding along with dietary interventions. Additionally, management of ocular health during a Mars mission can include holoportation, AI-powered diagnostics, newest in-space surgical technology, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and more. Conclusively, further research and collaboration amongst space and healthcare professionals is necessary to ensure the safety and well-being of astronauts during future space exploration endeavors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 69-76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Directional astronaut radiation dose for hemispherical galactic cosmic ray irradiation","authors":"Ran Huo ,&nbsp;Songying Xu ,&nbsp;Xuemei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.05.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) are inherently isotropic, in several important cases they are constrained to certain solid angle region. This directional irradiation leads to non-trivial deviations in radiation exposure from simple solid angle proportionality, since human organs/tissue sensitive to radiation also exhibit distinct spatial orientations within body. In this paper we investigate GCR incidence patterns through two characteristic geometries: the upper and anterior (front) hemispherical incidence relative to the ICRP110 human voxel phantom, and make comparison with the isotropic incidence. The fluence-to-dose-equivalent conversion coefficients are calculated by the particle physics Monte Carlo toolkit <span>GEANT4</span>, for all the <span><math><mrow><mi>Z</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>28</mn></mrow></math></span> ions and <span><math><mrow><mn>27</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>36</mn></mrow></math></span> energy points for each ions. Our analysis encompasses both the unshielded configuration and a shielded configuration with a uniform 5 g/cm<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> aluminum shell, approximating spacecraft habitat shielding. We found that upper hemispherical incidence demonstrates <span><math><mrow><mo>≲</mo><mn>10</mn><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span> dose coefficient variation compared to the isotropic baselines, while anterior incidence exhibits pronounced <span><math><mrow><mo>∼</mo><mn>80</mn><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span> higher dose coefficients within the 10 MeV/n to 1000 MeV/n energy range for the unshielded configuration. Dose equivalent rates with hemispherically filtered GCR fluxes show corresponding differences. Interestingly the deviation from solid angle proportionality can be utilized, that strategic astronaut orientation (Earth-facing with eastern alignment) may reduce cumulative radiation exposure by <span><math><mrow><mo>∼</mo><mn>15</mn><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 77-83"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prolonged exposure to centrifugal acceleration increases biomass and alters biomass allocation in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. with no apparent impact on elemental concentration in the shoot system","authors":"Kazuki Ohara ,&nbsp;Mizuki Katayama ,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Kamachi ,&nbsp;Atsushi Kume ,&nbsp;Ichirou Karahara","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous studies have shown that plants can complete their life cycle under microgravity. However, the effects of long-term exposure to altered gravity conditions, including microgravity, on most of the biological processes of a plant's life cycle remain largely unexplored. Given the limited opportunities for space experiments, ground-based experiments using altered gravity conditions have been conducted. To investigate the longer-term effects of centrifugal acceleration, we have developed and utilized a custom-built centrifugal cultivation system using a centrifuge equipped with lighting, enabling the continuous growth of seed plants under centrifugal acceleration. In this study, we examined the effects of 10 <em>g</em> centrifugal acceleration on the biomass of the shoot system (stems and rosette leaves) and the root system of <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> for the first time, covering the entire cultivation period from germination to 40 days. Our results showed that the dry mass of the stem per unit length was significantly larger under 10 <em>g</em> compared to the 1 <em>g</em> control, indicating a typical gravity resistance response of the stem. Moreover, the total dry mass of the stems, rosette leaves, and roots was larger under 10 <em>g</em> centrifugal acceleration compared to the 1 <em>g</em> control, suggesting an increase in biomass at the individual plant level. We also observed that the leaf mass per area of the rosette leaf was larger under centrifugal acceleration compared to the 1 <em>g</em> control, indicating enhanced photosynthesis rates in Arabidopsis and resulting in increased biomass of individual plants. In terms of biomass allocation, both root-shoot ratio and root mass fraction were significantly higher under centrifugal acceleration compared to the 1 <em>g</em> control. Furthermore, we measured the concentration of mineral elements in the main stem and rosette leaves using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Despite the increase in dry mass of the root system, we found no significant differences in the concentration of any of the ions between 10 <em>g</em> and 1 <em>g</em> conditions, indicating that mineral nutrient uptake homeostasis is maintained even under centrifugal acceleration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 61-68"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision health monitoring in spaceflight with integration of lower body negative pressure and advanced large language model artificial intelligence","authors":"Rahul Kumar ,&nbsp;Ethan Waisberg ,&nbsp;Joshua Ong ,&nbsp;Phani Paladugu ,&nbsp;Kyle Sporn ,&nbsp;Karsten Chima ,&nbsp;Dylan Amiri ,&nbsp;Nasif Zaman ,&nbsp;Alireza Tavakkoli","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.05.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-term exposure to microgravity influences musculoskeletal health and enhances the likelihood of sustaining orthopedic injuries while on a microgravity mission and upon return to Earth. Although countermeasures are being investigated to alleviate some risks of injury, such as resistive (or weight) exercise and Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP), evidence is accumulating that current paradigms do not ensure the safety or health of astronauts because of a lack of in-flight diagnostic methods, in which load/diagnostic metrics can be assessed over time. Here, we suggest the integration of a new vision-language large language model (DeepSeek-VL) as a potential autonomous diagnostic agent for monitoring musculoskeletal health in a microgravity environment. DeepSeek-VL will autonomously analyze radiographic data and biomechanical data streamed from a LBNP device. Determinations will be made based on lost or compromised density in bone, lost joint-centered stability, or ineffective loading patterns - providing personalized and specific feedback regarding musculoskeletal health with the astronaut as the primary user. Unlike conventional reporting approaches that rely on cross-institutional analysis by household experts, DeepSeek-VL allows for real-time, and autonomous interpretation of musculoskeletal imaging metrics (and physiological metrics) for on-time personalized countermeasure development. Here, we review architectural adaptations including microgravity specific samplings of data, training protocols and implications of deployment in the ISS. We anticipate DeepSeek's timely development of flight-ready diagnostic reporting will facilitate in-flight/systematic monitoring of musculoskeletal health and safety, especially for astronauts undergoing load management training (e.g., LBNP) and ensure effectiveness of countermeasures, their outputs. We will address methods to circumvent limitations and barriers to risk, and establish the importance of a federated, adaptive, and resilient AI-based platform to mitigate risk for astronaut musculoskeletal health during extended missions. Finally, we address some considerations for terrestrial model and a healthcare authority within a current context of growing importance for effective orthopedic healthcare.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 57-60"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green light and nitrogen: Optimizing antioxidant production in lettuce for extraterrestrial survival","authors":"Zizhou Wu ,&nbsp;Jingkai Tang ,&nbsp;Fan Jia ,&nbsp;Wenlin Wang ,&nbsp;Sizhe Liu ,&nbsp;Hong Liu ,&nbsp;Hui Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.05.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.05.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Astronauts on lunar and Martian surfaces face increased health risks due to lack of Earth's protective atmosphere and magnetosphere, including higher cancer and DNA damage risks from cosmic radiation and solar wind. Antioxidant intake, sourced mainly from fresh produce, is crucial for countering these threats. Our research addressed the challenge of producing high-antioxidant vegetables in situ for Bioregenerative Life Support Systems (BLSS), focusing on optimizing growth conditions for lettuce varieties to enhance ascorbic acid synthesis.It aimed to boost ascorbic acid metabolism in lettuce by manipulating green light intensity and nitrogen levels. We tested 'youmaicai' and 'rapid' lettuce under varying green light (10 %, 20 %, 30 %) and nitrogen (2.5, 10.5, 18.5 mmol/L) conditions, assessing ascorbic acid content, total production of ascorbic acid, AsA-GSH cycle enzyme activities, and gene expression. We found optimal conditions for each variety: 10 % light and 2.5–10.5 mmol/L nitrogen for 'youmaicai', and 30 % light and 10.5–18.5 mmol/L nitrogen for 'rapid'. This research not only contributes to the understanding of how green light and nitrogen supply can be optimized to boost the nutritional quality of lettuce but also offers practical strategies for improving crop yield and quality in controlled environments.By tailoring light and nutrient conditions, it is possible to significantly enhance the vitamin C content and overall growth efficiency of plants, which has important implications for sustainable food production both on Earth and in extraterrestrial settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 32-42"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection and characterization of bacterial consortia for the degradation of space organic waste","authors":"Luigi Chiarini ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Filosi ,&nbsp;Angiola Desiderio ,&nbsp;Maria Elena Villani ,&nbsp;Simona Proietti ,&nbsp;Stefano Moscatello ,&nbsp;Alberto Battistelli ,&nbsp;Giorgio Boscheri ,&nbsp;Giovanni Marchitelli ,&nbsp;Silvia Tabacchioni","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Planned human exploration beyond low Earth orbit involves establishing long-term Moon and Mars settlements. Due to the impracticality of continuous resupply from Earth for such missions, it is crucial to develop systems that allow partial or complete in situ recycling of resources necessary for human survival, such as Bioregenerative Life Support Systems (BLSSs), closed artificial ecosystems providing oxygen, food, and water. Microorganisms can play an important role in BLSSs for space missions by producing oxygen, removing carbon dioxide, and degrading organic waste such as food scraps, inedible plant portions, and human faeces. This study aimed to select and identify bacterial communities capable of efficiently degrading organic waste generated during space missions. Bacterial degraders were enriched through sequential batch cultivation in a simulated organic waste mixture like that generated on the International Space Station. Two promising bacterial consortia with high <em>Enterococcus</em> and <em>Clostridia</em> genera abundance, commonly involved in organic waste degradation, were selected. During fermentation, a significant reduction (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) in the mass of organic waste, cellulose, and starch content was observed after inoculating the organic waste mixture with the two selected consortia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 191-200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144123367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shared mechanisms in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome: Insights into central nervous system fluid dynamics, glymphatic function, and astrocyte dysregulation","authors":"Phani Paladugu ,&nbsp;Rahul Kumar ,&nbsp;Kyle Sporn ,&nbsp;Joshua Ong ,&nbsp;Amy Song ,&nbsp;Tejas Sekhar ,&nbsp;Chirag Gowda ,&nbsp;Nicole Davidoff ,&nbsp;Samuel Shin ,&nbsp;Andrew G. Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS) and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) represent distinct neurological challenges with intriguing parallels in their disruption of central nervous system (CNS) fluid dynamics and the clinical neuro-ophthalmic manifestations. SANS, affecting astronauts during prolonged spaceflight, is characterized by optic disc edema, globe flattening, and vision changes resulting from microgravity-induced cephalad fluid shifts. NMOSD, an autoimmune astrocytopathy, is driven by aquaporin-4 (AQP4) autoantibodies that compromise astrocytic water regulation and blood-brain barrier integrity. This review explores the shared pathophysiological processes of SANS and NMOSD, focusing on AQP4 dysregulation, cerebrospinal fluid dynamics, and neuroinflammatory mechanisms. We examine advanced imaging techniques, biomarkers, and molecular pathways relevant to both conditions, highlighting how insights from NMOSD research might inform our understanding of SANS. The role of the glymphatic system and its potential impairment in both disorders is discussed as a novel perspective on CNS waste clearance. By identifying parallels between SANS and NMOSD, we aim to provide a framework for translating findings between space medicine and terrestrial neuroimmunology. This comparative analysis may drive innovative therapeutic approaches for conditions involving CNS fluid dysregulation, ultimately advancing both astronaut health and patient care for NMOSD and related disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 43-56"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}