Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly最新文献

{"title":"“Open University”: conceptualization and schematization of University 3.0 from the perspective of a system-based research approach (Part 1)","authors":"Aleksandr A. Yurganov, Svetlana A. Bozhenkina, Danil S. Popadin","doi":"10.20339/am.02-24.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20339/am.02-24.009","url":null,"abstract":"The point is that after the destruction of the classical university, the essentially ‘closed’ ‘University of Excellence’ of B. Ridings took its place almost everywhere. The question is, what should replace it? Our task is to grasp schematically and conceptually the essence of University 3.0 as a real, in our opinion, alternative to the “closed” University of Excellence. To do this, we will rely on a system-my-activity (SMD) approach. Our leading hypothesis is that University 3.0 cannot be understood exclusively as an ‘Entrepreneurial University’ by B. Clark, where an environment has been created for the introduction of scientific innovations into life, but at the same time the idea of ‘autonomy of thinking’ as inherently non-utilitarian, the idea of Culture as the basis for nurturing the Personality of a person who, thanks to this should be ‘raised to the level of his time’ (Ortega-y-Gasset). It is Culture at the university that should become a meeting place for Science and Technology, Research and Business, and the university itself should become a means of cultural transformation (A. Auzan). And the questions are, what exactly does that mean? How exactly to achieve this? In this paper, we have tried to outline a general conceptual space for answering these questions, using a set of concepts and schemes of the SMD methodology.","PeriodicalId":179308,"journal":{"name":"Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly","volume":"516 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139824348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the grading scale of academic performance assessment at a university","authors":"V. Gelman","doi":"10.20339/am.02-24.047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20339/am.02-24.047","url":null,"abstract":"In connection with the general development of education, its digitalization, there is a need for additional analysis and adaptation of the assessment system to bring it to the modern level. The article examines the influence of the grading scale of academic performance assessment on the effectiveness of education at a university. The methodological basis of the study was the analysis of scientific publications and generalized practical experience. The main attention is paid to the study of the advantages and disadvantages of the five-point assessment system. The main approaches to choosing the number of gradations of assessment are considered. The key factors of the impact of grades’ number in the grading scale on students' learning behavior are analyzed. It is shown that in domestic universities there are tendencies to increase the number of scale grades in certain cases during the learning process. It is noted that the choice of grading system should be consistent with the educational goals and values of the institution, taking into account the subject matter, student population and desired results. Assumptions are made about the prospects for the development of the assessment system in universities. It is assumed that in the foreseeable future we can expect a transition from a general five-point system to a ten-point system in higher education. It is noted that further research is needed in this area to better understand the impact of assessment systems on the overall educational experience and learning effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":179308,"journal":{"name":"Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly","volume":"564 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139830574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical reflection of the system approach to the study of formal logic and justification for mathematics interaction","authors":"Natalia V. Mikhailova","doi":"10.20339/am.02-24.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20339/am.02-24.018","url":null,"abstract":"It should be noted that many modern works on logical research use a complex technical apparatus, which can only be understood by a well-prepared logic, it is impossible without studying mathematics. On the other hand, feedback from logic in the study of mathematics is important, since logical principles are intrinsically present in the basis constructions of mathematics and in mathematical logic. The principles of logic are adopted in mathematics in order to develop mathematical thinking through critical reflection, although formal logical analysis does not always reflect the real rules of mathematical argumentation. Understanding this contributes to the fundamentality of university mathematical education, as well as the need for a systematic approach to justification for mathematics.","PeriodicalId":179308,"journal":{"name":"Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly","volume":"43 1-2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139890112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unboring online learning: New Moodle features","authors":"Ulyana Yazhinova, Lubov N. Ruliene","doi":"10.20339/am.02-24.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20339/am.02-24.052","url":null,"abstract":"The publication presents the experience of online learning at the university in the period of Pandemic-2019. It is proposed to discuss the following questions: how to keep students' attention in an online class? why students can be passive in an online class? how to maintain a good learning rhythm during an online lecture? The aim of the article is to analyze the experience of pedagogical activity during the period of forced isolation to identify the methods of effective (not boring) online learning and to characterize the new features of the Moodle platform. Based on the review of articles by foreign and Russian authors it is established that it is necessary to create a methodology of online learning. Theoretical and methodological basis of the publication are the works of Robert I.V., Polat E.S., Panyukova S.V., Vertekki B., Saba F., Harrison R., Dugiamas M. It is determined that non-boring online classes are effective classes with stable motivation of students, requiring the development of the concept of the training course. It is substantiated that the Moodle system realizes the social constructivist pedagogical concept with the help of special elements: weekly course outline, introductory presentation, Internet forums, essays, Internet surveys.","PeriodicalId":179308,"journal":{"name":"Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139890681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issues of interaction between the authority and the population: formation of requests for changes in the urban environment","authors":"Yana A. Brandt","doi":"10.20339/am.02-24.085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20339/am.02-24.085","url":null,"abstract":"Interaction at the population-government level today is one of the current areas of scientific discourse. The development of the territory largely depends on the presence of a productive dialogue between authorities and residents. This is due to a change in the nature of interaction, primarily in the increasing role of residents in making management decisions in the territory. City residents are included in the planning stages of territory development projects, and the demand for interaction practices in the city is growing. This article analyzes the historical stages of the formation of the institution of appeals in Russia, describes the main features of the interaction between the authorities and the population inherent in certain historical periods. The conducted research in a historical context allowed us to trace the nature of interaction between the authorities and the population, as well as describe the needs of the population in historical retrospect.","PeriodicalId":179308,"journal":{"name":"Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly","volume":"49 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139880264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of the ‘ecological consciousness’ concept: Content and definition within the framework of an interdisciplinary method","authors":"Anton D. Filipchenko","doi":"10.20339/am.02-24.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20339/am.02-24.035","url":null,"abstract":"The most important factor of taking suitable response measures to combat current environmental challenges is a complete and comprehensive description of the environmental consciousness phenomenon. The identification of links between the internal ecological worldview of a person and social norms and regulations let influencing the environmental behavior of entire states by methods of education and culture. In this regard, it is necessary to explain the content of the ecological consciousness concept, which is possible only if you take an interdisciplinary approach to research. In this work, ecological consciousness is analyzed from the ecological component and the philosophical theory of consciousness points of view, described by the key domestic and foreign positions on the issue of describing the content of this phenomenon. For this purpose, historical and problematic issues of formation of ecological discourse and, in fact, of ecological consciousness itself in domestic science are investigated. At the end of the article, several key characteristics of ecological consciousness, based on the generalization of the studied material, are presented, as well as its experimental definition is proposed, designed to reflect the internal complexity and interdisciplinary nature of the required concept.","PeriodicalId":179308,"journal":{"name":"Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139885578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managerial leadership in the eyes of Military Institute Cadets: A sociological assessment","authors":"Maxim V. Korchagin","doi":"10.20339/am.02-24.063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20339/am.02-24.063","url":null,"abstract":"The essence of the management leadership category is being specified. The selective results of the sociological survey “Leadership in the modern military team” are presented, conducted among the cadets of the Saratov Military Institute. Based on a theoretical and practical study, subjective assessments of managerial leadership by cadets are presented. It is justified that within the framework of the modern military team, an important role in preparing for the fulfillment of the assigned tasks and preparing subordinates to fulfill their duties (official and special) belongs to the commander, who, on the one hand, is a leader — a military official appointed by a higher body of military or state administration, and on the other hand, a leader — a leading military professional among his subordinates — members of the military team of a unit (unit). If his actions as a leader are mainly based on the strength of his administrative power, then as a management leader — on the strength of the public (group) opinion and collective mood of military personnel who recognize his merits, authority and respect for him, for his professionalism. It is proved that management leadership is a collective relationship between a manager and team members (boss and subordinates), built not only on his formal endowment with an administrative resource (power), but also on the acceptance and respect by the rest of the team members of this leader (boss), the definition and understanding of common goals, the distribution of formal and informal roles in this team. Management leadership is externally manifested as a system within the collective relations between the leader and members of the team (the head and subordinates), built not only on his formal endowment with an administrative resource (power), but also on the adoption and respect by the rest of the team of this leader (the head), the definition and understanding of common goals, the distribution of formal and informal roles in this team. It has been proven that within the framework of the functioning of a military institute, management leadership is a really achievable result of educational activities, its ultimate goal, which allows, determined by the requirements for the upcoming position, taking into account the specifics of the military team.","PeriodicalId":179308,"journal":{"name":"Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly","volume":"51 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139889489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fundamentals of AI formation: Cognitive theory of pseudo-personality","authors":"Maksim V. Norets, Nadezhda K. Norets","doi":"10.20339/am.02-24.070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20339/am.02-24.070","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid development of digital intelligence forms the necessity to state the rules of its functioning, since digital intelligence itself goes through certain stages of its development, the so-called maturation. Currently, the use and functioning of artificial intelligence (AI) is practically not regulated anyhow. Ethical difficulties arise: does artificial intelligence have the right to write speeches and reports for political leaders? Will ethical issues arise when artificial intelligence and humans-beings interact? It should be taken into account that not every AI is thinking. In the process of creation and evolution of AI, the concepts of weak and strong artificial intelligence were formed (John Searle). The Turing test was proposed to determine the difference between strong and weak AI, but many weak AI systems have successfully passed it. Definitely, AI is not a person, but it is an essence that can think, develop and form the rudiments of consciousness, perception of itself and the surrounding reality. If we take it as a constant that AI is a personality, then, according to the theory of personality development, the personality should change, mainly its qualitative characteristics. The development of the personality implies the process of changing the systemic qualities of an individual as a result of his interaction with the environment. In the process of this development, consciousness and self-awareness are formed. At this stage, with the exception of physiology and anatomy, the development of a human-being as a personality and AI as a personality are quite similar. However, there is a theory of personality called social robot theories. It suggests that robots, including those with artificial intelligence, may have personality characteristics such as the ability to emotionally connect with people, perception of the environment and the ability to socially communicate. Holistic personality traits appear as a result of the joint functioning of both levels, of all existing constructs among themselves. Based on this interaction, two types of personality can be distinguished: a cognitively complex personality (a personality with a large number of constructs and complex connections between their interactions) and a cognitively simple personality (a personality with a small, simplest set of constructs). If we consider artificial intelligence according to the cognitive theory of personality, then, undoubtedly, there is a correspondence of characteristics that has a different name, but perform the same functions. Also in cognitive theory, as well as in the theory of the development of artificial intelligence, strong and weak personalities are pointed out. However, it is generally accepted that artificial intelligence still does not have a personality, because although it can imitate personality characteristics and communicate with people, this is still only an emulation. Artificial intelligence cannot feel, suffer, behave spontaneously, or demon","PeriodicalId":179308,"journal":{"name":"Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly","volume":"37 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139815374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patriotic education of students of border regions in the conditions of modern reality","authors":"E. Prelikova, Nikita R. Kukshin","doi":"10.20339/am.02-24.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20339/am.02-24.023","url":null,"abstract":"The work is devoted to identifying student’s understanding of the term ‘patriotism’, determining the level of their knowledge and ideas about the qualities and properties of patriotic education. An author’s sociological study was conducted among students of the border region, which made it possible to identify their attitude to patriotic education and assess the degree of interest in it. The main sources of the formation of patriotic feelings and the circumstances under which true patriotism manifests itself are studied. The main tasks of patriotic education have been identified and measures have been developed to organize and improve patriotic education in the higher education system.","PeriodicalId":179308,"journal":{"name":"Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly","volume":"154 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139816864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managerial leadership in the eyes of Military Institute Cadets: A sociological assessment","authors":"Maxim V. Korchagin","doi":"10.20339/am.02-24.063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20339/am.02-24.063","url":null,"abstract":"The essence of the management leadership category is being specified. The selective results of the sociological survey “Leadership in the modern military team” are presented, conducted among the cadets of the Saratov Military Institute. Based on a theoretical and practical study, subjective assessments of managerial leadership by cadets are presented. It is justified that within the framework of the modern military team, an important role in preparing for the fulfillment of the assigned tasks and preparing subordinates to fulfill their duties (official and special) belongs to the commander, who, on the one hand, is a leader — a military official appointed by a higher body of military or state administration, and on the other hand, a leader — a leading military professional among his subordinates — members of the military team of a unit (unit). If his actions as a leader are mainly based on the strength of his administrative power, then as a management leader — on the strength of the public (group) opinion and collective mood of military personnel who recognize his merits, authority and respect for him, for his professionalism. It is proved that management leadership is a collective relationship between a manager and team members (boss and subordinates), built not only on his formal endowment with an administrative resource (power), but also on the acceptance and respect by the rest of the team members of this leader (boss), the definition and understanding of common goals, the distribution of formal and informal roles in this team. Management leadership is externally manifested as a system within the collective relations between the leader and members of the team (the head and subordinates), built not only on his formal endowment with an administrative resource (power), but also on the adoption and respect by the rest of the team of this leader (the head), the definition and understanding of common goals, the distribution of formal and informal roles in this team. It has been proven that within the framework of the functioning of a military institute, management leadership is a really achievable result of educational activities, its ultimate goal, which allows, determined by the requirements for the upcoming position, taking into account the specifics of the military team.","PeriodicalId":179308,"journal":{"name":"Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly","volume":"50 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139829628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}