Physical Education Theory and Methodology最新文献

{"title":"The Relationship of 2D:4D Finger Length Ratio with Biomotoric Characteristics and Sports Performance in Adolescent Basketball Players","authors":"E. Çetinkaya, Halil Tanır, Furkan Çelik","doi":"10.17309/tmfv.2024.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2024.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship of 2D:4D finger length ratio (also known as digit ratio) with biomotoric features and sports performance in adolescent basketball players. 24 male basketball players with a mean age of 14.83±0.71 years and a training age of 7.08±1.92 years participated in the study.\u0000Materials and methods. The participants’ 2D and 4D finger lengths of both hands, height (cm), body weight (kg), some biomotoric characteristics and sports performances were determined by measurements. The German Heidelberger Basketball Test was conducted to evaluate the basketball-based sports performances of the participants. The SPSS 25.0 package program was performed in the statistical analysis of the obtained data. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine whether or not the data showed a normal distribution. Parametric tests were preferred for statistical analysis as the data were found to have a normal distribution.\u0000Results. It was found that there was no statistically significant relationship between the 2D:4D finger length ratio, some motoric features and basketball-based sports performances of the participants (p>0.05). It was concluded that the ratio of 2D:4D finger lengths in adolescent basketball players did not have an effect on biomotoric features and basketball-based sports performance. When the correlation between 2D:4D finger length ratio and sports performance parameters was examined, no statistically significant relationship was observed (p>0.05).\u0000Conclusions. Although some studies show a significant negative correlation between performance tests and the 2D:4D ratio, it should be noted that the 2D:4D finger ratio is not the only determinant for sports performance.","PeriodicalId":178000,"journal":{"name":"Physical Education Theory and Methodology","volume":"6 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140413733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Combined with Blood Flow Restriction and Systemic Hypoxia on Body Composition and Physical Performance in Overweight University Students","authors":"Jittima Jaisuk, Sarocha Namboonlue, Palakorn Sriwiset, Tachapon Tongterm, Arunya Buttichak, Nattha Muangritdech, Chaiyawat Namboonlue","doi":"10.17309/tmfv.2024.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2024.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"Study purpose. This study investigated the effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) combined with blood flow restriction (BFR) and hypoxic exposure (HYP) on body composition and physical performance in overweight university students.\u0000Materials and methods. Twenty-nine male university students with overweight were divided into 3 groups: 1) whole-body vibration (WBV), 2) whole-body vibration plus blood flow restriction (WBV+BFR, 60% of occlusion pressure) and 3) whole-body vibration plus hypoxic exposure (WBV+HYP, FiO₂ = 15.8%). Training included 10 sets of intermittent WBV exercise (30-35 Hz in frequency and high amplitude) 20 min/day and 3 days/week. Body composition along with physical performance was measured before (2-3 days prior) and after (2-3 days post) an 8-week training period.\u0000Results. The results of this study were as followed, after training, the maximum strength (1RM) in the leg press and leg curl were significantly increased in the WBV+HYP group (28.31%, p = 0.016 and 13.56%, p = 0.017) compared with the WBV group (17.68% and 2.88) respectively. Similarly, the WBV+HYP group showed a substantial increase in muscle endurance in the leg extension and leg curl (28.57%, p = 0.013 and 34.38% p = 0.049) when compared to the WBV group (5.33% and 13.20%) respectively.\u0000Conclusions. Whole-body vibration combined with blood flow restriction and hypoxic exposure were effective in improving body composition and physical fitness. Performing the procedure can also be adjusted according to convenience and suitability for each individual. It is a guideline for preventing, treating, and promoting health among overweight adolescents.","PeriodicalId":178000,"journal":{"name":"Physical Education Theory and Methodology","volume":"2 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140410675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of a Six-Week Course of Surya Namaskar Practice on Back Flexibility and Lumbar Flexion in Male College Students","authors":"Ethiraj Balaji, Kamatchi Murugavel, Mariyappan Rajkumar, Subbramani Logeswaran, Veluchamy Vijayasankar, Chinnathambi Devaraj","doi":"10.17309/tmfv.2024.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2024.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"Study purpose. The strenuous Surya Namaskar exercise programme has gained considerable popularity among contemporary yoga practitioners. Its special combination of yogic breathing techniques, asanas (postures) and dharana (focused mind concentration) helps to improve flexibility. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an original six-week course of Surya Namaskar on back flexibility and lumbar flexion in male college students.\u0000Materials and methods. Thirty male college students aged between eighteen and twenty years were randomly assigned to treatment group (Surya Namaskar practice) (n=15) and control group (n=15). The treatment group performed Surya Namaskar practice for six weeks, while the control group did not participate in any treatment other than their regular activities for six weeks. Back flexibility and lumbar flexion of the subjects were assessed at the baseline and after six weeks.\u0000Results. Back flexibility and lumbar flexion increased in the treatment group after six weeks of Surya Namaskar practice.\u0000Conclusions. The current Surya Namaskar procedure contributes to the kinanthropometric well-being of male college students in terms of back flexibility and lumbar flexion. Surya Namaskar should be included in school and college curriculum because of its numerous physical and physiological benefits.","PeriodicalId":178000,"journal":{"name":"Physical Education Theory and Methodology","volume":"1 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140410404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High School Student-Athletes: Their Motivation, Study Habits, Self-Discipline, Academic Support, and Academic Performance","authors":"Dian Pujianto, Y. Nopiyanto, Cahyo Wibowo, Ipa Sari Kardi, Septian Raibowo, Bayu Insanistyo, Ibrahim, Baharuddin Hasan, Agus Sutriawan","doi":"10.17309/tmfv.2024.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2024.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"Study purpose. Student-athletes have a role that is not easy to balance between the role of being an athlete and the role of being a student at school. Not a few of them have obstacles in balancing both roles. This study aims to reveal the characteristics of secondary school student-athletes in Bengkulu City. The main objectives are to describe the level of achievement motivation, study habits, self-discipline, academic support, and academic performance.\u0000Materials and methods. This study is a quantitative descriptive research with a survey approach involving 402 student-athletes at the junior high school and senior high school levels. The student-athletes represent 16 sports. The average age of  student-athletes is 15.9 years. The instrument used in the study was a questionnaire consisting of 36 statement items. The mean ideal and standard deviation ideal formulas were used to analyze data regarding the category level of each indicator, while the independent sample t-test was used to determine differences in data between student-athletes based on gender and type of sport.\u0000Results. The results of this study reveal that student-athletes in Bengkulu City have achievement motivation, study habits, self-discipline, academic support, and academic performance in the high category. There is a significant difference between male and female student-athletes (sig 0.001 < 0.005). There were no significant differences between student-athletes from individual and team sports (0.442 > 0.005).\u0000Conclusions. Student-athletes at junior high school and senior high school education levels have good characteristics, there are significant differences between male and female athletes, and there are no significant differences between individual athletes and team athletes.","PeriodicalId":178000,"journal":{"name":"Physical Education Theory and Methodology","volume":"83 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140411343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of Polyphenolic Compounds in Rosella Flowers on Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation After Exercise: A Systematic Review","authors":"Novadri Ayubi, Dyah Fitria Padmasari, Atika Syafawi, Deby Tri Mario, Jiang Wen Ming, Mohammed Aljunaid, Nuridin Widya Pranoto, Anton Komaini","doi":"10.17309/tmfv.2024.1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2024.1.20","url":null,"abstract":"Study purpose. This study aims to analyze and highlight the potential of rosella flowers in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation after physical activity.\u0000Materials and methods. The study used a systematic review method by searching various journal databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed and Embase. The inclusion criteria in this study were articles published in the last 5 years and articles discussing Rosella Flowers, Oxidative Stress, Free Radicals, Inflammation, and Exercise. The exclusion criteria in this research were articles published in disreputable journals. A total of 357 articles from the Scopus, Web of Science Pubmed and Embase databases were identified. A total of 8 articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected and analyzed for this systematic review. For standard operations, this study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) assessment.\u0000Results. The results of this systematic review research report that the flavonoid content found in rosella flowers has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties which have the potential to reduce oxidative stress and uncontrolled inflammation caused by physical activity and intense exercise.\u0000Conclusions. Rosella flowers show their ability as an anti-oxidative by donating hydrogen atoms to free radicals through phenolic compounds, thus breaking the cycle of ROS formation. The natural active ingredients in rosella flowers are able to reduce MDA and increase GSH which contributes to reducing oxidative stress and decreasing TNF-α which provides an anti-inflammatory effect in athletes after exercise.","PeriodicalId":178000,"journal":{"name":"Physical Education Theory and Methodology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140412439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity Training Methods to Improve the Physical Condition of Volleyball Players: A Systematic Review","authors":"Gatot Jariono, N. Nurhidayat, Pungki Indarto, 1BDE Vera, Septi Sistiasih, 1BD Haris, Nugroho, Uzizatun Maslikah","doi":"10.17309/tmfv.2024.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2024.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"Study purpose. The study was aimed to identify exercise techniques used to improve the physical condition of volleyball players through literature studies.\u0000Materials and methods. A systematic review of these previous studies was conducted. We studied articles published between 2014 and 2023 that explained how to prepare volleyball players to have better physical condition. Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed were used for the electronic search. We collected all the articles that discussed how to improve physical performance through exercise.\u0000Results. To improve the physical condition of volleyball players, 50 publications used exercise techniques, which were categorized based on the physical condition that was evaluated and repaired. The following techniques are some of the ones that can be used: Neuromuscular, unilateral and bilateral, ballistic, plyometric exercises, combined weight and plyometric, mixed training with optimal load, COD & plyometric complex, strength, combined strength, eccentric trainings, repetitive sprint, resistant/non-resistant sprint, resistance training, exercises with elastic band, core training, combined core training; small-sided games training, aerobic interval training, blood flow restriction, intermittent training, and anaerobic speed endurance.\u0000Conclusions. Following a thorough analysis, a number of training regimens were found to be effective in enhancing volleyball players’ physical attributes, including muscular strength, aerobic and anaerobic endurance, speed and acceleration, explosive power, flexibility, agility, and balance.","PeriodicalId":178000,"journal":{"name":"Physical Education Theory and Methodology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140414592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Hypoxic Exercise Combined with Crocodile Blood Supplementation on Aerobic Capacity and Hematological Variables in Athletes","authors":"Worrawut Thuwakum, Apiwan Manimmanakorn, W. Chaeychomsri, Jindawan Siruntawineti, Sasithorn Sukjit","doi":"10.17309/tmfv.2024.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2024.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"Study purpose. This study aimed to compare the effects of hypoxic exercise combined with crocodile blood supplementation on hematological and maximum oxygen consumption parameters in soccer players. \u0000Materials and methods. This study included 39 male soccer players aged 21.69 ± 1.98 years who were randomized to three groups. All groups performed the same training program, which comprised treadmill exercise at 70%–75% of maximum heart rate for 7 weeks with sessions of 30 min/day and 3 days per week. The first group was the control placebo group (CG, n = 13), the second group received one capsule per day (60 mg) of a freeze-dried crocodile blood supplement (SUP, n = 13), and the third group received the freeze-dried crocodile blood supplement and performed the training program under hypoxic conditions (H-SUP, n = 13, FiO2 = 16.3%). A hematological evaluation was conducted and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was measured using the Bruce protocol treadmill test. \u0000Results. The H-SUP group demonstrated significantly higher erythropoietin (EPO) levels (14.40 ± 2.41 mIU/mL) compared to the SUP group (11.50 ± 2.08 mIU/mL) and CG (12.01 mIU/mL) after the intervention. From pre- to post-intervention, VO2max significantly increased in the H-SUP (Pre: 45.63 ± 4.75, Post: 49.33 ± 5.81) and SUP groups (Pre: 44.59 ± 4.75, Post: 47.30 ± 5.68) but not in the CG. \u0000Conclusions. This study reveals that a combination of freeze-dried crocodile blood supplementation and hypoxic exercise causes hematological alterations, particularly the activation of EPO secretion, and increases VO2max in soccer players. ","PeriodicalId":178000,"journal":{"name":"Physical Education Theory and Methodology","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140410647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Stance Width Variation During One Repetition Maximum Barbell Hip Thrust Performance and Kicking Speed for Young Elite Silat Athletes","authors":"Muhammad Zulqarnain Mohd Nasir, Ali Md Nadzalan, Abdul Muiz Nor Azmi, Mohd Aizzat Adnan","doi":"10.17309/tmfv.2023.6.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2023.6.07","url":null,"abstract":"Study purpose. This study aimed to determine the relationship between kicking speed performance and different stance widths during barbell hip thrust (BHT) at one repetition maximum (1RM) scores among young elite Silat athletes. Materials and methods. 15 male and 15 female Silat athletes with at least one year of resistance training experience and a mean age of 21.3 ± 1.2 years participated in this study. The load indicator performance associated with kicking performance was measured using 1RM load during BHT at varying stance widths. The data was analyzed using Pearson correlation tests through the SPSS Version 25 application. Results. A significant correlation was found between stance width, physical characteristics, and performance metrics with a low to moderate relationship. For physical features, weight (r=0.43, p<.05), height (r= 0.64, p<.05), and leg length (r= 0.44, p<.05) show positive relationship. Low to moderate significant relationships were found during WSW-RFK (r=0.39, p<.05) regarding 1RM and kicking performance. No significant correlations were found between NSW or NRW and the observed variables, except for a negative correlation between NRW and strength (r= -0.43, p < .05). There was a significant difference between males vs. females in RFK-NSW, RFK (p=0.006, p< .05), and LFK-NRW (p=0.001, p< .05) in kicking performance. Conclusions. This study revealed that stance width in barbell hip thrusts moderately correlates with physical characteristics and performance in young elite Silat athletes, where wider stances align with physical characteristics and narrower stances align with lower kicking performance. It also highlighted the importance of personalized training due to observed gender differences in kicking speed.","PeriodicalId":178000,"journal":{"name":"Physical Education Theory and Methodology","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139164926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of an 8-Week Online High-Intensity Interval Training Program on Body Composition and Performance in Thai Professional Football Players During the Covid-19 Epidemic","authors":"Wattana Nuttouch, Poramet Hemarachatanon, Soontaraporn Huntula","doi":"10.17309/tmfv.2023.6.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2023.6.02","url":null,"abstract":"Background/objectives. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) was used to be a strategy for improving physical performance. Especially, athletic training which were disturbed by the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the effects of an 8-week online HIIT program on the body composition, aerobic and anaerobic performances in professional football players. Materials and methods. Thirty professional football players in Thai league division 2 were randomly assigned into the onsite group (n = 15) and the online group (n = 15). All participants performed the HIIT program at 85% maximal heart rate (HRmax), five times a week for 8 weeks. Body composition, aerobic and anaerobic performance at baseline, after 4 weeks and 8 weeks of training were calculated by repeated measures ANOVA and unpaired t-test. Results. Weight, BMI and % fat were significantly decreased after 4 weeks of training in the onsite group and after 8 weeks of training in the online group (p < 0.05). FFM in the onsite and online groups was significantly increased after 4 weeks and 8 weeks of training, respectively (p < 0.05). Aerobic performance was significantly increased after 4 and 8 weeks of training (p < 0.05), whereas anaerobic performance was found increased after 8 weeks of training in both groups (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the groups. Conclusions. Eight weeks of HIIT training can improve body composition, aerobic performance and anaerobic performance in both onsite and online conditions. It may be implied that an online HIIT training program should have beneficial effects similar to those provided in onsite condition.","PeriodicalId":178000,"journal":{"name":"Physical Education Theory and Methodology","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139166169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological Insights into Elite Sprint Paddlers: Unravelling Performance Dynamics and Training Implications","authors":"Suchishrava Dubey, P. Choudhary","doi":"10.17309/tmfv.2023.6.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2023.6.03","url":null,"abstract":"Study purpose. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between physiological reactivity and sprint paddling performance among elite athletes, focusing on cardiorespiratory responses, metabolic efficiency, and energy utilization patterns. Materials and methods. A group of N= 20 elite sprint paddlers from various regions in India was meticulously selected for this study. Detailed assessments of cardiorespiratory responses, metabolic efficiency, and energy utilization patterns were conducted using standardized protocols and cutting-edge measurement techniques. Individual differences among athletes were carefully documented. Results. The study revealed a remarkable homogeneity among the athletes, reflecting stringent training standards. However, intriguing individual differences emerged, particularly in cardiorespiratory reactivity. Athletes with swift neural responses and adept metabolic acidosis adaptation showcased enhanced overall performance, indicating the critical role of the nervous system and efficient respiratory mechanisms in optimizing paddlers’ capabilities. Analysis of CO2 emissions and lactate concentrations indicated a balanced energy utilization pattern and optimal anaerobic metabolism and respiratory responses. Balancing anaerobic alactate and lactate capacities emerged as pivotal. Conclusions. The findings underscore the need for targeted training programs that leverage individual differences, enhance neural adaptations, and metabolic acidosis tolerance, and optimize energy pathways. These transformative insights offer coaches, sports scientists, and athletes valuable tools to elevate performance outcomes. The study enriches our understanding of sprint paddling and serves as a paradigm for studying elite athletic performance, guiding the future of sports science and coaching. Future research avenues include exploring the long-term impact of tailored training interventions, investigating molecular mechanisms of cardiorespiratory reactivity, and studying psychological aspects of athletic performance. Comparative studies across diverse sports disciplines promise universal insights into elite athletic performance.","PeriodicalId":178000,"journal":{"name":"Physical Education Theory and Methodology","volume":"34 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139165215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}