Physical Education Theory and Methodology最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Balance Metrics in Injured versus Healthy Professional Tennis Players","authors":"V. Purushothaman, Russell Roshan, A. Subbarayalu, Rubavathi Marimuthu Palanivel, B. Orhan, Bhavika Gohel, Mohanraj Kandasamy, Kamesh Chandrasekaran","doi":"10.17309/tmfv.2024.4.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2024.4.11","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. Knee injuries are prevalent among professional tennis players and have a significant impact on their athletic performance and longevity. This study aimed to evaluate the dynamic and postural balance differences between injured and healthy professional tennis players, reflecting the broader implications of knee injuries on player stability and performance.\u0000Materials and methods. A total of 80 professional tennis players, comprising 40 individuals in the knee injury group (IG) and 40 individuals in the non-injury group (NIG), were selected to participate in this cross-sectional study. Participants’ postural sway was assessed under various conditions, including standing on different surfaces with open and closed eyes using a Wii Balance Board. The Y-Balance Test was performed to evaluate the player’s dynamic balance. An Independent t-test was used to examine the difference in postural sway and dynamic balance between the two groups.\u0000Results. The results of this study indicated that players with knee injuries showed significantly worse performance in both dynamic balance (p<0.05 for non-dominant legs) and postural sway (significant differences in mean velocity on foam surfaces with eyes open and closed, p<0.001). These findings suggest that knee injuries contribute to substantial deficits in balance control, which could affect overall athletic performance and injury risk.\u0000Conclusion. The study underscores the necessity of incorporating targeted balance and proprioceptive training into rehabilitation programs for tennis players recovering from knee injuries. By improving balance, these interventions can enhance neuromuscular control, reduce reinjury risk, and support better overall performance in high-stakes environments. Future research should focus on refining balance training programs to maximize recovery outcomes and minimize injury impacts.","PeriodicalId":178000,"journal":{"name":"Physical Education Theory and Methodology","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141926286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing the Musculoskeletal Flexibility in Young Females: The Impact of a Six-Week Surya Namaskar Intervention on Back Flexibility and Lumbar Flexion","authors":"Suchishrava Dubey, P. Choudhary","doi":"10.17309/tmfv.2024.4.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2024.4.06","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a structured six-week Surya Namaskar (Sun Salutation) regimen on back flexibility and lumbar flexion in female college students.\u0000Materials and methods. Thirty female college students from the Gwalior District participated in the study and were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (Surya Namaskar regimen) or a control group. Baseline measurements of age, height, weight, and initial flexibility were recorded. The experimental group engaged in a six-week Surya Namaskar program, while the control group maintained their regular activities. Back flexibility and lumbar flexion were assessed using standardized tests before and after the intervention period.\u0000Results. Statistical analysis revealed significant improvements in back flexibility and lumbar flexion in the experimental group following the six-week Surya Namaskar regimen. Specifically, the experimental group demonstrated a substantial increase in both back flexibility (mean change ± SD: 3.20 ± 0.95 cm) and lumbar flexion (mean change ± SD: 1.50 ± 0.75 cm), whereas the control group showed no significant changes in these parameters.\u0000Conclusion. The findings underscore the effectiveness of Surya Namaskar in enhancing musculoskeletal flexibility among female college students. Integrating Surya Namaskar into educational programs could potentially benefit physical health by improving back flexibility and lumbar flexion, thus supporting overall musculoskeletal health and reducing the risk of injuries. Further research could examine the long-term effects and mechanisms underlying these improvements across diverse populations.","PeriodicalId":178000,"journal":{"name":"Physical Education Theory and Methodology","volume":"32 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141800640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying the Peculiarities of Students’ Aggressive Behaviour in Physical Education Lessons","authors":"Sarunas Sniras","doi":"10.17309/tmfv.2024.4.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2024.4.05","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Recently, a lot of special attention has been paid to the school environment where students’ aggressive behaviour that spreads quickly is getting more expressed and reflects processes in the modern society and their consequences for the young generation. It can often have various short- and long-term consequences for a student’s behaviour, communication with others, emotional state or his/her self-esteem. Thus, this complex situation encourages to get interested in understanding the underlying causes of students’ aggressive behaviour and peculiarities of its frequent manifestation.\u0000Objectives. The study aimed to reveal the peculiarities of students’ aggressive behaviour expression in physical education lessons in the context of age and gender aspects.\u0000Material and methods. A total of 197 students participated in the study, comprising 52 girls aged 12-13 years, 44 boys of the same age group, 60 girls aged 14-15 years and 41 boys of the same age.\u0000Results. The findings of the study indicated that 14-15-year-old students were more prone to the following forms of aggressive behaviour in physical education lessons: negativism, offence, irritation, physical and verbal aggression compared with 12-13-year-old students. It was also determined that older students demonstrated statistically significant higher levels of hostility and aggressiveness than younger counterparts.  When analysing the students’ aggressive behaviour in the aspect of gender, it was found that boys often expressed the following forms of aggressive behaviour: negativism, offence, irritation and physical aggression; meanwhile, girls were more prone to the feeling guilty and verbal aggression. Higher hostility is more characteristic to boys than to girls, but the aggressiveness observed in the groups of boys and girls was assessed similarly according to the aggressiveness index.\u0000Conclusions. The results obtained could be subjected to further analysis in order to enhance their effectiveness, for example, by examining concrete life situations of students.","PeriodicalId":178000,"journal":{"name":"Physical Education Theory and Methodology","volume":"28 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141806154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Education by Improving Students’ Interpersonal Communication Skills","authors":"Eko Purnomo, E. Marheni, Afrizal S, Agus Gumilar, Nina Jermaina, Nor Eeza Zainal Abidin","doi":"10.17309/tmfv.2024.4.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2024.4.02","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Interpersonal communication skills have a significant influence that must be emphasized on the implementation of learning at school. Consequently, ongoing evaluation of students is essential to achieve optimal interpersonal communication skills.\u0000Objectives. This study aimed to examine the impact of implementing physical education on interpersonal communication skills in Senior High School (SMA) and Vocational School (SMK) students. Both types of schools have distinctive characteristics. Senior High School focuses more on continuing education, while Vocational School places greater emphasis on education that prioritizes the readiness of its graduates to work.\u0000Materials and methods. Quantitative descriptive approach is employed in this study, with high school and vocational school students as the research sample. The Interpersonal Communication Competence Scale (ICCS) is the research tool used in this study.\u0000Results. Based on the research findings, it is clear that there are differences in the results of interpersonal communication skills between high school and vocational school students compared to the outcomes of implementing physical education at school. This is evidenced by the results of the independent sample t-test (two-sided p-value) < 0.001. Furthermore, it can also be observed that based on gender (male and female), it is obtained 0.002. Both results have a significance level of <0.05.\u0000Conclusions. The findings indicate that vocational school students’ interpersonal communication skills have been found to be improved than high school students.","PeriodicalId":178000,"journal":{"name":"Physical Education Theory and Methodology","volume":"69 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141810553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Influence of the Flipped Classroom on Physical Education Students’ Engagement in Basketball Learning Activities","authors":"Cahyo Wibowo, Yahya Eko, Nopiyanto 2BCDE, Septian Raibowo, Bayu Insanistyo, 2ACDE Ipa, Sari Kardi, 3ACDE Ibrahim, 3ACDE Rasyono, 4ACDE Defliyanto, 4ACDE Ansar, Cs","doi":"10.17309/tmfv.2024.4.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2024.4.01","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The flipped classroom approach has been gaining increasing attention across various educational domains, including physical education. Recent research has underscored the necessity for innovative strategies to enhance student engagement in physical education, particularly in basketball instruction.\u0000Objectives. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the flipped classroom approach on student engagement in Basketball instruction within the Physical Education, Health, and Recreation program at the University level.\u0000Materials and methods. The research method involved an experimental design using the static group comparison approach, where 62 students enrolled in physical education were divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received instruction through the flipped classroom approach, while the control group underwent conventional instruction, with the intervention lasting for seven weeks. A comprehensive engagement scale questionnaire was used as the research instrument. Data analysis techniques included descriptive analysis and independent samples t-test.\u0000Results. The research findings revealed significantly higher levels of engagement in the agentic, behavioral, emotional, and cognitive dimensions among students in the flipped classroom group compared to those in the conventional classroom group. This indicates that the flipped classroom approach has a considerable effect on student engagement in basketball instruction.\u0000Conclusions. The study’s results have confirmed the effectiveness of the innovative pedagogical strategy of the flipped classroom in fostering meaningful learning experiences and motivating students within the context of physical education.","PeriodicalId":178000,"journal":{"name":"Physical Education Theory and Methodology","volume":"90 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141818720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adapting the Motivation Scale for Participation in Physical Activity","authors":"C. H. Amal, G. Bipin, Gönül Tekkurşun Demir","doi":"10.17309/tmfv.2024.3.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2024.3.07","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. This study aimed to adapt the Motivation Scale for Participation in Physical Activity (MSPPA), originally developed by Demir and Cicioğlu, (2018) in Turkish, into English. The objective was to provide a reliable and valid tool for assessing motivation for physical activity in English-speaking populations.\u0000Materials and methods. The adaptation process involved two phases. Firstly, the MSPPA was translated from Turkish to English, back-translated, and reviewed by experts in sports science and translation. Secondly, data were collected from 224 school students in the Malappuram district, Kerala, India. The collected data were subjected to Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to validate the scale’s factors. The reliability and construct validity were assessed using appropriate statistical methods.\u0000Results. The analysis of the collected data revealed three factors in the adapted MSPPA: “Individual Causes”, “Environmental Reasons”, and “Causelessness”, corresponding to intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation, respectively. The factors identified through EFA were confirmed via CFA. The scale demonstrated reliability and construct validity in assessing motivation for physical activity in English-speaking populations.\u0000Conclusions. The adapted MSPPA was found to provide a reliable and valid instrument for assessing motivation for participation in physical activity among English-speaking individuals. This adaptation has facilitated cross-cultural research and interventions aimed at promoting physical activity and its associated benefits.","PeriodicalId":178000,"journal":{"name":"Physical Education Theory and Methodology","volume":"77 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141342210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the Effects of a 12-Week Moderate Intensity Circuit Exercise Program on Body Composition and Physical Fitness among Overweight Women of Working Age","authors":"Sarocha Namboonlue, A. Dechakhamphu, Monthicha Raksilp","doi":"10.17309/tmfv.2024.3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2024.3.9","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. The study aimed to examine the effects of a 12-week moderate-intensity circuit exercise program on body composition and physical fitness among overweight women of working age.\u0000Materials and methods. Twenty-nine overweight women of working age were divided into two groups: the control group (CG, n = 14) had a normal daily life, and the moderate intensity circuit exercise group (MICE, n = 15) underwent training that included 3 sessions of MICE (40–50 seconds followed by 60 seconds of rest for each exercise and 90 seconds of recovery between sessions at 64–76% of maximum heart rate). The training was conducted for 60 minutes per day, three days per week. Body composition and physical fitness were measured before (2 days prior) and after (2 days post) a 12-week training period. \u0000Results. After the 12-week training, the MICE showed a considerable improvement in a number of key health indicators, including body weight, BMI, fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, visceral adipose tissue, total energy expenditure, resting energy expenditure, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio (-0.65%, -0.73%, -2.16%, 2.53%, -7.12%, 10.85%, 0.71%, -3.13%, and -2.67%, respectively, p < 0.05) when compared to the CG. Similarly, the MICE demonstrated a significantly larger improvement in the sit and reach test, the back extension test, the hand grip strength of the right hand, hand grip strength of the left hand, leg strength, the 60-second chair stand test (also known as sit-to-stand test), and the maximum oxygen consumption (18.98%, 16.53%, 10.69%, 7.68%, 9.97%, 26.25%, and 8.87%) compared to the CG (-4.10%, -1.19%, -0.26%, -1.53%, -1.44%, 0.24%, and -0.70%), respectively.\u0000Conclusions. Moderate-intensity circuit exercise has been found to have positive effects on improving body composition and physical fitness in overweight working women. Thus, the implementation of MICE with appropriate sessions, resting, duration, and training periods can achieve maximum benefit. ","PeriodicalId":178000,"journal":{"name":"Physical Education Theory and Methodology","volume":"81 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141352801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological Effects of Zumba Exercise on Male College Students: An Intervention Study","authors":"P. Choudhary, Suchishrava Dubey","doi":"10.17309/tmfv.2024.3.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2024.3.08","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Zumba exercise in improving physiological parameters among male students enrolled in an aerobic exercise program in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India.\u0000Materials and methods. A one-group pre-post-test design was used, involving fifteen male students aged betweennineteen and twenty-four years old. The participants engaged in Zumba sessions supervised by health professionals three times per week for eight weeks. A series of measurements, including VO₂max, agility, and muscle strength, was evaluated at pretest and posttest stages using various equipment and methods.\u0000Results. Statistical analysis using SPSS version 26 software included normality testing with the Shapiro-Wilk test and a significance level set at p ≥ 0.05. A paired sample t-test was performed to compare pretest and posttest measurements of VO₂max, agility, and muscle strength. The results are presented as Mean ± Standard Deviation (SD). The findings reveal significant improvements in all parameters assessed post-intervention. VO₂max increased from 26.5 ± 4.5 to 30.8 ± 4.2 mL/kg/min, agility improved from 15.8 ± 1.2 to 14.6 ± 1.3 seconds, limb muscle strength increased from 394.2 ± 66.4 to 411.1 ± 67.5 joules, and arm muscle strength increased from 123.5 ± 17.1 to 138.2 ± 13.9 joules (all p ≤ 0.001). These results demonstrate the effectiveness of Zumba exercise in enhancing physical fitness among male college students.\u0000Conclusions. The findings suggest that Zumba exercise is an effective non-pharmacological intervention for enhancing cardiovascular fitness, agility, and muscular strength among male students. Integrating Zumba exercise into regular physical activity routines may contribute to stimulating an active lifestyle and improving overall health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":178000,"journal":{"name":"Physical Education Theory and Methodology","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141356544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the Total and Regional Body Fat of Physically Active Men Is Not Appropriate for Sedentary Men","authors":"S. Silalertdetkul","doi":"10.17309/tmfv.2024.3.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2024.3.06","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. The reliability of predictive body fat equations remains unclear due to their inappropriate use across different subject cohorts and conditions. The objective of this study was to validate and cross-validate equations to predict total and regional body fat in young physically active males.\u0000Material and methods. Three hundred and five young male participants were divided into the following groups: active validation (n=165), active cross-validation (n=70), or sedentary cross-validation ones (n=70). The study used a stratified random sampling based on weekly physical activity level. The total and regional body fat mass were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) after an overnight fast. Simultaneous measurements of height, body mass, skinfold thickness, body mass index, and body circumferences were taken. The total and regional body fat predictive equations were generated using multiple linear stepwise regression models. The coefficient of determination (R²) and standard error of estimation (SEE) were calculated to examine the accuracy of the predictive equations. Furthermore, cross-validation groups were analysed.\u0000Results. The percentage of total body fat, trunk fat, legs fat, arms fat, and body mass index of active cross-validation were found to be significantly lower than in the sedentary cross-validation groups. The total body fat percentage was highly associated with abdominal skinfold thickness (R=0.68-0.74, P<0.001), body mass index (R=0.55, P<0.001), and suprailiac skinfold thickness (R=0.67-0.71, P<0.001) in the active validation group. The predictive total and regional body fat equations of physically active men showed adjusted R² values ranging from 0.35 to 0.66, with standard error of estimation values between 2.74 to 4.35%. The standard error of estimation for the predictive percentage of total and regional body fat in the active cross-validation group was lower than in the sedentary cross-validation group.\u0000Conclusions. The findings demonstrate that new predictive total and regional body fat equations can be used to accurately estimate body fat in healthy young active males under fast conditions.","PeriodicalId":178000,"journal":{"name":"Physical Education Theory and Methodology","volume":" September","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141364510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Benefits of a Tele-Exercise Program on Quality of Life and Body Composition Among Female Older Adults","authors":"Phaksachiphon Khanthong, Warinee Sangprapai, Kotchakorn Jetinai, Chaiyawat Namboonlue","doi":"10.17309/tmfv.2024.3.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2024.3.04","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. This study aimed to assess the impact of an 8-week tele-exercise program on the quality of life (QoL) and body composition among female older adults.\u0000Materials and methods. This study involved female participants aged 60 and older, using a quasi-experimental research design. The tele-exercise regimen comprised a multimodal approach, with sessions lasting 30 minutes, conducted three times a week over an 8-week period. The program included breathing exercises, cognitive training, balance exercises, strength training, stretching, aerobic dance and karaoke singing. The sessions were conducted via streaming studio facilities at the Computer Center of Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University (Thailand). The tele-exercise equipment was represented by the following technical means: a 50-inch LED TV, OBS (Open Broadcaster Software) version 30.1.2 for live broadcasting and video recording, Google Meet for virtual interaction, wireless portable microphones, a desktop computer, and two 19-inch computer monitors. Pre- and post-intervention data were collected, including assessments of QoL using the Thai abbreviated version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire and body composition measurements (waist circumference and bioelectrical impedance analysis; BIA).\u0000Results. Statistically significant improvements were observed in both QoL and body composition following the tele-exercise intervention. QoL scores demonstrated significant enhancements in overall QoL (p = 0.004), as well as in the social relationship (p = 0.002) and environmental (p = 0.001) domains. Regarding body composition, reductions in waist circumference and visceral adipose tissue were statistically significant (p < 0.05), while muscle mass and body fat mass showed trends toward improvement, though not statistically significant.\u0000Conclusions. The findings suggest that tele-exercise training holds promise for enhancing QoL and positively influencing body composition among female older adults. This underscores the potential of tele-exercise as a viable option for older adults, offering cost and time-saving benefits, particularly in situations where transportation may pose challenges. ","PeriodicalId":178000,"journal":{"name":"Physical Education Theory and Methodology","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141375475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}