Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B最新文献

{"title":"New characteristics of cancer immunotherapy: trends in viral tumor immunotherapy with influenza virus-based approaches.","authors":"Shiyao Hu, Yiqi Cai, Yong Shen, Yingkuan Shao, Yushen DU, Yiding Chen","doi":"10.1631/jzus.B2400381","DOIUrl":"10.1631/jzus.B2400381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunomodulatory cancer therapy is witnessing the rise of viral immunotherapy. The oncolytic influenza A virus, although promising in preclinical investigations, remains to be implemented in clinical practice. Recent progress in genetic engineering, coupled with experiential insights, offers opportunities to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of the influenza A virus. This review explores the use of the influenza virus, its attenuated forms, and associated vaccines in cancer immunotherapy, highlighting their respective advantages and challenges. We further elucidate methods for engineering influenza viruses and innovative approaches to augment them with cytokines or immune checkpoint inhibitors, aiming to maximize their clinical impact. Our goal is to provide insights essential for refining influenza A virus-based viral tumor immunotherapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":17797,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B","volume":"26 6","pages":"546-556"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12219492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144506150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of large bone defects in load-bearing bone: traditional and novel bone grafts.","authors":"Dan Yu, Wenyi Shen, Jiahui Dai, Huiyong Zhu","doi":"10.1631/jzus.B2300669","DOIUrl":"10.1631/jzus.B2300669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Large bone defects in load-bearing bone can result from tumor resection, osteomyelitis, trauma, and other factors. Although bone has the intrinsic potential to self-repair and regenerate, the repair of large bone defects which exceed a certain critical size remains a substantial clinical challenge. Traditionally, repair methods involve using autologous or allogeneic bone tissue to replace the lost bone tissue at defect sites, and autogenous bone grafting remains the \"gold standard\" treatment. However, the application of traditional bone grafts is limited by drawbacks such as the quantity of extractable bone, donor-site morbidities, and the risk of rejection. In recent years, the clinical demand for alternatives to traditional bone grafts has promoted the development of novel bone-grafting substitutes. In addition to osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity, optimal mechanical properties have recently been the focus of efforts to improve the treatment success of novel bone-grafting alternatives in load-bearing bone defects, but most biomaterial synthetic scaffolds cannot provide sufficient mechanical strength. A fundamental challenge is to find an appropriate balance between mechanical and tissue-regeneration requirements. In this review, the use of traditional bone grafts in load-bearing bone defects, as well as their advantages and disadvantages, is summarized and reviewed. Furthermore, we highlight recent development strategies for novel bone grafts appropriate for load-bearing bone defects based on substance, structural, and functional bionics to provide ideas and directions for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":17797,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B","volume":"26 5","pages":"421-447"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12119185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144174281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic changes in physiochemical, structural, and flavor characteristics of ginger-juice milk curd.","authors":"Haifeng Pan, Wenna Bao, Yi Chen, Hongxiu Liao","doi":"10.1631/jzus.B2400269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B2400269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dynamic changes in the physiochemical, structural, and flavor characteristics of ginger-juice milk curd were explored by texture analysis, scanning electron microscopy, rheometry, electronic tongue, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Protein electrophoresis showed that ginger juice could hydrolyze α_s-, β-, and κ-casein. Curd formation was initiated at 90 s, marked by significant changes in intensity detected via intrinsic fluorescence. The contents of soluble protein and calcium decreased rapidly during coagulation, while the caseinolytic activity, storage moduli, loss moduli, hardness, adhesiveness, and water-holding capacity increased, resulting in a denser gel structure with smaller pores and fewer cavitations as observed by scanning electron microscopy. Electronic tongue analysis indicated that milk could neutralize the astringency and saltiness of ginger juice, rendering the taste of ginger-juice milk curd more akin to that of milk. Approximately 70 volatile components were detected in ginger-juice milk curd. α‍-Zingiberene, α‍-curcumene, β‍-sesquiphellandrene, and β‍-bisabolene were the predominant volatile flavor compounds, exhibiting an initial decrease in content followed by stability after 90 s. Decanoic acid, γ-elemene, and caryophyllene were identified as unique volatile compounds after mixing of milk and ginger juice. Understanding the dynamic changes in these characteristics during coagulation holds significant importance for the production of ginger-juice milk curd.</p>","PeriodicalId":17797,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B","volume":"26 4","pages":"393-404"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12021543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144024142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<b>Structure of myelin in the central nervous system and another possible driving force for its formation</b>-<b>myelin compaction</b>.","authors":"Qi Shao, Simin Chen, Tian Xu, Yuyu Shi, Zijin Sun, Qingguo Wang, Xueqian Wang, Fafeng Cheng","doi":"10.1631/jzus.B2300776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B2300776","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myelin formation is considered the last true \"invention\" in the evolution of vertebrate nervous system cell structure. The rapid jumping pulse propagation achieved by myelin enables the high conduction speed that is the basis of human movement, sensation, and cognitive function. As a key structure in the brain, white matter is the gathering place of myelin. However, with age, white matter-associated functions become abnormal and a large number of myelin sheaths undergo degenerative changes, causing serious neurological and cognitive disorders. Despite the extensive time and effort invested in exploring myelination and its functions, numerous unresolved issues and challenges persist. In-depth exploration of the functional role of myelin may bring new inspiration for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases and even mental illnesses. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive examination of the structure and key molecules of the myelin in the CNS, delving into its formation process. Specifically, we propose a new hypothesis regarding the source of power for myelin expansion in which membrane compaction may serve as a driving force for myelin extension. The implications of this hypothesis could provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology of diseases involving myelin malfunction and open new avenues for therapeutic intervention in myelin-related disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":17797,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B","volume":"26 4","pages":"303-316"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12021537/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in mechanisms and drug treatments for fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.","authors":"Yijun Zhou, Ce Shi, Hongchen Sun","doi":"10.1631/jzus.B2300779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B2300779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by congenital bilateral malformation of the large toe and progressive, extensive, and irreversible heterotopic ossification (HO) of soft tissues throughout the body, leading to severe disabilities. FOP is caused primarily by mutations in activin A receptor type 1 (<i>ACVR1</i>), also known as activin-like kinase 2 (<i>ALK2</i>), which encodes a receptor belonging to the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I family. However, the continuous and complex process of HO in FOP is not yet fully understood, which has impeded the development of therapeutic drugs. Despite surgical removal of HO, which often results in recurrence and expansion of ossification, there is currently no definitive drug treatment available to completely prevent, halt, or reverse the progression of HO in FOP. Currently, researchers are intensively studying the pathogenesis of FOP at various stages and developing promising drug candidates, including saracatinib, palovarotene, and rapamycin. This review provides an overview of progress in understanding the mechanism of FOP and the development of therapeutic drugs, with the goal of providing insights for further research and the development of new treatment methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":17797,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B","volume":"26 4","pages":"317-332"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12021541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143971167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional redundancy of three mitochondrial Mg²⁺/Mn²⁺-dependent protein phosphatases (PPMs) in <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>.","authors":"Kaiyin Sheng, Xueqiu Chen, Yimin Yang, Jie Xia, Kaiyue Song, Chaoqun Yao, Yi Yang, Aifang DU, Guangxu Ma","doi":"10.1631/jzus.B2400308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B2400308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Toxoplasma gondii is a single-celled parasite that infects nearly all warm-blooded animals, including humans (Montoya and Liesenfeld, 2004). It occurs worldwide and can persist for a lifetime in mammals. Humans get infected by eating undercooked meat of animals containing the tissue cysts of this parasite. In immune-competent individuals, T. gondii infection usually does not cause significant clinical symptoms, whereas in pregnant or immunocompromised individuals, T. gondii infection (toxoplasmosis) can cause more serious problems like abortion and even death (Dunn et al., 1999; Wang et al., 2017). A combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine is usually used to treat toxoplasmosis, although it is generally inefficient and causes side effects (Alday and Doggett, 2017). Worse still, there is a lack of vaccines to prevent T. gondii infection in humans or animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":17797,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B","volume":"26 4","pages":"405-408"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12021542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144003032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analysis reveals that an immune cell-related signature could predict clinical outcomes for microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer patients receiving immunotherapy.","authors":"Shijin Yuan, Yan Xia, Guangwei Dai, Shun Rao, Rongrong Hu, Yuzhen Gao, Qing Qiu, Chenghao Wu, Sai Qiao, Yinghua Xu, Xinyou Xie, Haizhou Lou, Xian Wang, Jun Zhang","doi":"10.1631/jzus.B2300679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B2300679","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent data suggest that vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor (VEGFRi) can enhance the anti-tumor activity of the anti-programmed cell death-1 (anti-PD-1) antibody in colorectal cancer (CRC) with microsatellite stability (MSS). However, the comparison between this combination and standard third-line VEGFRi treatment is not performed, and reliable biomarkers are still lacking. We retrospectively enrolled MSS CRC patients receiving anti-PD-1 antibody plus VEGFRi (combination group, <i>n</i>=54) or VEGFRi alone (VEGFRi group, <i>n</i>=32), and their efficacy and safety were evaluated. We additionally examined the immune characteristics of the MSS CRC tumor microenvironment (TME) through single-cell and spatial transcriptomic data, and an MSS CRC immune cell-related signature (MCICRS) that can be used to predict the clinical outcomes of MSS CRC patients receiving immunotherapy was developed and validated in our in-house cohort. Compared with VEGFRi alone, the combination of anti-PD-1 antibody and VEGFRi exhibited a prolonged survival benefit (median progression-free survival: 4.4 vs. 2.0 months, <i>P</i>=0.0024; median overall survival: 10.2 vs. 5.2 months, <i>P</i>=0.0038) and a similar adverse event incidence. Through single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analysis, we determined ten MSS CRC-enriched immune cell types and their spatial distribution, including naive CD4⁺ T, regulatory CD4⁺ T, CD4⁺ Th17, exhausted CD8⁺ T, cytotoxic CD8⁺ T, proliferated CD8⁺ T, natural killer (NK) cells, plasma, and classical and intermediate monocytes. Based on a systemic meta-analysis and ten machine learning algorithms, we obtained MCICRS, an independent risk factor for the prognosis of MSS CRC patients. Further analyses demonstrated that the low-MCICRS group presented a higher immune cell infiltration and immune-related pathway activation, and hence a significant relation with the superior efficacy of pan-cancer immunotherapy. More importantly, the predictive value of MCICRS in MSS CRC patients receiving immunotherapy was also validated with an in-house cohort. Anti-PD-1 antibody combined with VEGFRi presented an improved clinical benefit in MSS CRC with manageable toxicity. MCICRS could serve as a robust and promising tool to predict clinical outcomes for individual MSS CRC patients receiving immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":17797,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B","volume":"26 4","pages":"371-392"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12021538/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144032400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roles of PANoptosis and related genes in acute liver failure: neoteric insight from bioinformatics analysis and animal experiment verification.","authors":"Tiantian Ge, Yao Chen, Lantian Pang, Junwei Shao, Zhi Chen","doi":"10.1631/jzus.B2300678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B2300678","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>BACKGROUND</b>: PANoptosis has the features of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis. Numerous studies have confirmed the diverse roles of various types of cell death in acute liver failure (ALF), but limited attention has been given to the crosstalk among them. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of PANoptosis in ALF and uncover new targets for its prevention or treatment. <b>METHODS</b>: Three ALF-related datasets (GSE14668, GSE62029, and GSE74000) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Hub genes were identified through intersecting DEGs, genes obtained from weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and genes related to PANoptosis. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), protein‍‒‍protein interaction (PPI) analyses and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed to determine functional roles. Verification was performed using an ALF mouse model. <b>RESULTS</b>: Our results showed that expression of seven hub genes (B-cell lymphoma-2-modifying factor (<i>BMF</i>), B-cell lymphoma-2-interacting protein 3-like (<i>BNIP3L</i>), Caspase-1 (<i>CASP1</i>), receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (<i>RIPK3</i>), uveal autoantigen with coiled-coil domains and ankyrin repeats protein (<i>UACA</i>), uncoordinated-5 homolog B receptor (<i>UNC5B</i>), and Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (<i>ZBP1</i>)) was up-regulated in liver samples of patients. However, in the ALF mouse model, the expression of BNIP3L, RIPK3, phosphorylated RIPK3 (P-RIPK3), UACA, and cleaved caspase-1 was up-regulated, while the expression of CASP1 and UNC5B was down-regulated. The expression of ZBP1 and BMF increased only during the development of ALF, and there was no significant change in the end stage. Immunofluorescence of mouse liver tissue showed that macrophages expressed all seven markers. Western blot results showed that pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis were always involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/ d-galactosamine (d-gal)‍-induced ALF mice. The ALF cell model showed that bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) form PANoptosomes after LPS stimulation. <b>CONCLUSIONS</b>: Our results suggest that PANoptosis of macrophages promotes the development of ALF. The seven new ALF biomarkers identified and validated in this study may contribute to further investigation of diagnostic markers or novel therapeutic targets of ALF.</p>","PeriodicalId":17797,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B","volume":"26 4","pages":"353-370"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12021540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144027269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-dose estrogen impairs demethylation of H3K27me3 by decreasing Kdm6b expression during ovarian hyperstimulation in mice.","authors":"Quanmin Kang, Fang LE, Xiayuan Xu, Lifang Chen, Shi Zheng, Lijun Lou, Nan Jiang, Ruimin Zhao, Yuanyuan Zhou, Juan Shen, Minhao Hu, Ning Wang, Qiongxiao Huang, Fan Jin","doi":"10.1631/jzus.B2300681","DOIUrl":"10.1631/jzus.B2300681","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given that ovarian stimulation is vital for assisted reproductive technology (ART) and results in elevated serum estrogen levels, exploring the impact of elevated estrogen exposure on oocytes and embryos is necessary. We investigated the effects of various ovarian stimulation treatments on oocyte and embryo morphology and gene expression using a mouse model and estrogen-treated mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Female C57BL/6J mice were subjected to two types of conventional ovarian stimulation and ovarian hyperstimulation; mice treated with only normal saline served as controls. Hyperstimulation resulted in high serum estrogen levels, enlarged ovaries, an increased number of aberrant oocytes, and decreased embryo formation. The messenger RNA (mRNA)‍-sequencing of oocytes revealed the dysregulated expression of lysine-specific demethylase 6b (<i>Kdm6b</i>), which may be a key factor indicating hyperstimulation-induced aberrant oocytes and embryos. In vitro, Kdm6b expression was downregulated in mESCs treated with high-dose estrogen; treatment with an estrogen receptor antagonist could reverse this downregulated expression level. Furthermore, treatment with high-dose estrogen resulted in the upregulated expression of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) and phosphorylated H2A histone family member X (γ-H2AX). Notably, knockdown of <i>Kdm6b</i> and high estrogen levels hindered the formation of embryoid bodies, with a concomitant increase in the expression of H3K27me3 and γ-H2AX. Collectively, our findings revealed that hyperstimulation-induced high-dose estrogen could impair the demethylation of H3K27me3 by reducing Kdm6b expression. Accordingly, Kdm6b could be a promising marker for clinically predicting ART outcomes in patients with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":17797,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B","volume":"26 3","pages":"269-285"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11906394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143625303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune checkpoint blockade for cancer therapy: current progress and perspectives.","authors":"Hongying Ye, Weijie Liao, Jiongli Pan, Yin Shi, Qingqing Wang","doi":"10.1631/jzus.B2300492","DOIUrl":"10.1631/jzus.B2300492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dysfunction of anti-tumor immune responses is crucial for cancer progression. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), which can potentiate T cell responses, is an effective strategy for the normalization of host anti-tumor immunity. In recent years, immune checkpoints, expressed on both tumor cells and immune cells, have been identified; some of them have exhibited potential druggability and have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for clinical treatment. However, limited responses and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) cannot be ignored. This review outlines the development and applications of ICBs, potential strategies for overcoming resistance, and future directions for ICB-based cancer immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":17797,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B","volume":"26 3","pages":"203-226"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11906392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143625307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}