{"title":"On the etymology of ἡγέομαι","authors":"J. M. J. Delgado","doi":"10.13109/hisp.2014.127.1.196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13109/hisp.2014.127.1.196","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this paper is to revise the etymology of the Greek verb ἡγέομαι. It has been derived from a verbal root *seh2g/ĝ-, and this point does not pose any special problem. However, this derivation raises some morphosyntactic difficulties that are to be addressed here.","PeriodicalId":177751,"journal":{"name":"Historische Sprachforschung","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121917523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evidence of laryngeal coloring in Proto-Indo-Iranian","authors":"Andrew Ollett","doi":"10.13109/HISP.2014.127.1.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13109/HISP.2014.127.1.150","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Past scholarship has made almost no mention of the effects in the Indo- Iranian languages of ‘laryngeal coloring’, the putatively Indo-European development according to which */e/ is ‘colored’ into */a/ or */o/ by an adjacent */h2/ or */h3/, respectively. And for good reason: the merger of nonhigh vowels in Proto-Indo-Iranian would have effaced these distinctions in any case. In this paper I survey the etyma in which laryngeal coloring could have interacted with Proto-Indo-Iranian palatalization, which (in part) preceded the merger of nonhigh vowels, and find that palatalization in almost every case has not occurred to inputs involving */Keh2/ or*/Keh3/, where coloring may be assumed to have taken place. This strongly suggests that laryngeal coloring – not as a discrete ‘sound change’, but as a phonological rule which requires additional sound changes (such as palatalization) before it can ‘show itself’ by affecting the distribution of phonemes in the lexicon – was present in the early stages of ...","PeriodicalId":177751,"journal":{"name":"Historische Sprachforschung","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115726588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Indo-European Caland Adjectives in *-nt- and Participles in Sanskrit","authors":"J. Lowe","doi":"10.13109/HISP.2014.127.1.166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13109/HISP.2014.127.1.166","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The suffix *-nt- is taken for granted as a Caland suffix in two of the most recent and important works on the Caland system, those by Nussbaum (1976) and Rau (2009), but other authors have entirely ignored the suffix, usually treating alleged examples rather as participles.1 This paper re-examines the morphological, syntactic and semantic evidence for a category of *-nt- adjectives associated with the Caland system distinct from the categories of active present and aorist participles. I also consider several forms in Indo-Iranian which have not previously been considered as potential Caland adjectives: citant-, śucant-, tujant-, bhrājant-, sahant-, p ŕṣant-. Morphological and syntactic evidence shows that no single form must be analysed as a Caland adjective in contradistinction to anything else; on the other hand, the combined weight of evidence supports the supposition that a synchronically distinct adjectival suffix *-nt- did exist in Proto- Indo-European. The morphological evidence for a dis...","PeriodicalId":177751,"journal":{"name":"Historische Sprachforschung","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126722538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Proto-Indo-European “thorn”-clusters","authors":"Alwin Kloekhorst","doi":"10.13109/HISP.2014.127.1.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13109/HISP.2014.127.1.43","url":null,"abstract":"(1) Introduction Since the beginning of Indo-European linguistics, the group of words in which the Skt. cluster kṣ corresponds to Gk. KT have received much attention. According to Brugmann (1897: 790), these clusters must reflect a combination of a PIE velar plus “þ-Laute” (hence the name “thorn”-clusters), which was the standard view for many decades. For instance, in Pokorny 1959, the word for ‘bear’ (Skt. ¶koa-, Gr. ἄρκτος) is reconstructed as *¶§þo(875); the word for ‘earth’ (Skt. koám-, Gr. χθών) as *ǵðem(414); etc. When in 1932 Kretschmer equated the words for ‘earth’ in the newly found languages Hittite (tēkan) and Tocharian B (tkaṃ) with the thus far common reconstruction *ǵðem-, he was able to convincingly show that the initial cluster must originally not have contained a “thorn”, but rather consisted of a dental and a velar stop, *dǵ-. According to Kretschmer, the original order of these stops was retained in Hittite and Tocharian, but in Greek and Indo-Iranian the cluster was metathesized to *ǵd-, with a subsequent development of *-dto -sin Indic “weil ihm zwei Verschlußlaute im Wortbeginn ungewohnt waren” (1932: 67). In the other languages, *dǵwas simplified to *ǵ-, yielding Lat. hum-, Lit. žem-, OCS zem-, etc. Burrow (1959) argued, however, that assuming a metathesis in Indic is unnecessary. In analogy to Skt. koumánt‘having cattle’ ~ Av. fšūmaṇt‘id.’ < *p§u-mént-, where an initial cluster *p§yielded Skt. ko-, showing a development of palatovelar *§ into the retroflex sibilant ṣ, Burrow argued that we may assume a similar change for the “thorn”-clusters: *H¶t§o> *¶tśa> *¶»oa> ¶koa‘bear’ and *dǵém> *dj́ám> *dźám> ḍẓám> »oám> koám‘earth’. In his famous 1977 article ‘A thorny problem’, Schindler therefore concluded that the assumption of a separate phoneme *þ or *ð “is superfluous for an early stage of IndoEuropean” (1977: 34). According to him, all words with “thorn”-clusters reflect a cluster *TK (the one word where he reconstructs *KT, namely ‘yesterday’, will be treated in detail below). Moreover, he assumed that already in the PIE mother language this cluster was reduced in some environments, for instance before a syllabic nasal: *TK±C > *K±C. Recently, Lipp, in his book Die indogermanischen und einzelsprachlichen Palatale im Indoiranischen (2009), devotes a 350 pages long chapter to “Das Problem des Ansatzes von idg. þ (Thorn)”, in which he provides a very detailed account of all problems, proposed solutions and material regarding the “thorn”-clusters. Although this chapter is extremely elaborate, I still have the feeling that not all details regarding this topic have","PeriodicalId":177751,"journal":{"name":"Historische Sprachforschung","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123418379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The distribution of the 3rd sg. endings of the Indo-European middle present","authors":"M. Svensson","doi":"10.13109/HISP.2014.127.1.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13109/HISP.2014.127.1.68","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":177751,"journal":{"name":"Historische Sprachforschung","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121744000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sic et ita dans deux genres de textes du latin épigraphique","authors":"E. Dupraz","doi":"10.13109/HISP.2014.127.1.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13109/HISP.2014.127.1.249","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":177751,"journal":{"name":"Historische Sprachforschung","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126360249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Standard Average European and the Western Fringe – a Reconsideration","authors":"Britta Irslinger","doi":"10.13109/HISP.2013.126.1.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13109/HISP.2013.126.1.33","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of Standard Average European Sprachbund is one of the most influential and widely known within the field of areal linguistics. According to its advocates, the standard written varieties of the major European languages have become increasingly similar through a series of convergent developments, which took place during the great migrations and the transition from Antiquity to the Middle Ages. The languages located at the Western fringe of Europe, i.e. Insular Celtic languages and Basque, display but very few SAE-features and appear to have taken little or no part in this convergence process. The present article will examine the Insular Celtic and Basque features to demonstrate that these languages show more convergent developments than is admitted by the SAEhypothesis. In addition, the diachronic dimension of the SAE will be discussed by dating the emergence of the features within the individual languages. The results of this analysis seriously question both the socio-historic scenario and the time-frame proposed for these developments","PeriodicalId":177751,"journal":{"name":"Historische Sprachforschung","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124100601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hermes ἐριούνιος: una nuova interpretazione","authors":"E. Langella","doi":"10.13109/HISP.2013.126.1.258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13109/HISP.2013.126.1.258","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":177751,"journal":{"name":"Historische Sprachforschung","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130298018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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