Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal最新文献

{"title":"South Asian countries should be ready to combat monkeypox","authors":"R. Piryani, S. Piryani, N. Subedi","doi":"10.3126/jgmcn.v15i1.45976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v15i1.45976","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract","PeriodicalId":177622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123897334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Common allergens in patients of allergic rhinitis in Gandaki province of Nepal","authors":"R. Nepali, Brihaspati Sigdel, T. Dubey, N. Kc, B. Gurung, Pravin Baniya","doi":"10.3126/jgmcn.v15i1.42141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v15i1.42141","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Atopic disorder is very common globally and in Nepal which has affected quality of life resulting into loss of working and school days. Change in lifestyle is one of the important recommendations for fighting back with allergy, which suggests for avoidance of allergens developing allergic rhinitis. The objectives of the study were to find out common allergic conditions in Pokhara, Nepal and to identify the allergens, which induced IgE mediated disorder.\u0000Methods: A retrospective study was done among the patients with different allergic disorders who were referred from different specialist clinic attending Pokhara ENT Center at Pokhara from January 2011 to December 2017. The study sample included 1810 patients to find the distribution of various allergic disorders among them. Further, a sample of 430 patients of allergic rhinitis who had undergone skin prick test according to international guidelines were included in order to find out the common allergens among them. Set of allergens included in this study were mites, pollen, fungus, insects, dusts, epithelia-danders, feather & fabric, non-juicy foods, and juicy foods. These nine allergen types further included several allergens. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics using Stata 15.1. The study was done from after taking ethical clearance from the institutional ethical committee of Gandaki medical college.\u0000Results: Among various types of allergic diseases, allergic rhinitis accounted for one fourth (23.8%) of the cases. The patients with allergic rhinitis who underwent skin prick test against various allergens were evaluated. Skin prick test positive test result were seen for non-juicy foods (96%), pollens (95%) and then juicy foods (93%). On the contrary, least percentage (13.72%) of people were found positive against feather & fabrics. Radish (7.7%) and snake gourd (6.99%) were only two juicy vegetables against which people were found positive in skin prick test. Among non-juicy foods, tobacco was the commonest allergens which was reported positive in skin prick test of 16% people. Pollen of Zea mays, Azadirachta indica, Mangifera indica and Prosopis juliflora were top allergens diagnosed positive among 12.65%, 10.95%, 7.79%, and 7.54% of people respectively. The mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus yielded highest prevalence (69.36%) of positive test.\u0000Conclusions: Based upon the findings of our study, allergic rhinitis is one of the most common allergic diseases in Gandaki province, Nepal. Patients of allergic rhinitis should be tested for certain allergens which are locally present and they need to modify lifestyle and avoid allergens which can induce IgE-mediated disorder. Further research is needed to establish causation.  ","PeriodicalId":177622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127750749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived experience of respectful maternity care among mothers attending a selected teaching hospital of Kaski district","authors":"Sharmila Poudel, Deepti Kc, S. Shrestha","doi":"10.3126/jgmcn.v15i1.43719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v15i1.43719","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pregnancy and childbirth are momentous events in the lives of women and families and represent a time of intense vulnerability. Because parenthood is a uniquely female experience, questions of gender justice and violence are at the heart of maternity care. The study aimed to find out the perceived experience of respectful maternity care and its associated factors among postnatal mothers.\u0000Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional research design was used. The study population consisted of mothers who had a normal vaginal delivery and were admitted to the Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre’s postnatal ward from July 1 to August 1, 2021. A purposive sampling technique was used. Standard Respectful Maternity Care scale was used to collect the data. Collected data were entered, coded and edited into Statistical package for the social sciences version 16.0 and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods.\u0000Results: Of total, 166 (83%) women did not receive respectful maternity care. Regarding the dimensions of RMC, more than half 106 (53%) of the mothers received abuse-free care. Only 40 (20%) of the mothers received friendly care. Parity with friendly care adjusted Odds ratio(AOR)=0.25, Confidence interval (CI) (0.10-0.64), education with abuse free care (AOR=3.66, CI 1.86-7.20), Parity with timely care (AOR=3.27, CI=1.45-7.38). Likewise, educational status of the respondent (AOR= 2.24,CI= 1.13-4.44), religion ( AOR=2.88, CI=1.19-6.95) and parity are the factors influencing discrimination free care( AOR= 0.36, CI=0.18-0.73).\u0000Conclusions: The majority of women did not receive dignified and respectful care throughout labor.  ","PeriodicalId":177622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127821769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of dexamethasone as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block","authors":"Sagun Ram Vaidya, Sandeep Neupane, Kundu Shrestha, Tumaya Ghale","doi":"10.3126/jgmcn.v15i1.43999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v15i1.43999","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Supraclavicular brachial plexus block provides the optimal operating conditions for upper arm surgery. The study was conducted to assess the efficacy of dexamethasone as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block.\u0000Methods: An experimental study was performed in Gandaki Medical College and Teaching hospital, Pokhara. Forty patients undergoing surgery of the elbow, forearm, and hand under supraclavicular brachial plexus block, with 0.25% bupivacaine with normal saline (n = 20) in the Group I versus 0.25% bupivacaine with dexamethasone (n = 20) in Group II with an equal volume of 30 ml in each group. Randomization was done and the onset of sensory and motor blockade and duration of analgesia was compared in both groups. Statistical package for the social sciences version 24.0 software was used. Continuous variables like the onset of sensory and motor block and time to first rescue analgesia were assessed with the student’s t-test and the chi-square test was applied to assess categorical variables like visual analogue score score.\u0000Results: The time to onset of sensory block in the bupivacaine only group was 504.10±70.24 seconds compared to bupivacaine with dexamethasone group (255.65±75.28) seconds. The time to onset of motor block in the bupivacaine-only group was 813.00±74.57 seconds compared to bupivacaine with dexamethasone group (524.25±80.38) seconds. Time to first rescue analgesia in bupivacaine only group was 542.5±126.33 minutes compared to bupivacaine with dexamethasone group (1245±325.66) minutes. The difference was statistically significant in all the findings (p<0.0001).\u0000Conclusions: The study concluded that the addition of dexamethasone to bupivacaine prolongs the duration of analgesia and provides faster onset of sensory and motor blocks.  ","PeriodicalId":177622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal","volume":"51 13","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114175570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among adults living in Pokhara metropolitan city","authors":"Bishnu Gurung, Nirupa Thapa, U. Paudel","doi":"10.3126/jgmcn.v15i1.41388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v15i1.41388","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hypertension is one of the silent killer diseases affecting multiple organs. Hypertension prevalence is increasing in developing countries. So, the present study was conducted to find out the prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among adults living in Pokhara metropolitan city.\u0000Methods: This was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in Pokhara metropolitan city. Study participants were aged 18 to 70 years, residing permanently in the study sites. Wards, households, and respondents were selected randomly. Data was entered in Epi Data and analysed using SPSS 16 version. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics at 5% level of significance were used.\u0000Results: Of the 293 participants, 60.8% were females, mean (standard deviation) of age was 41.7(14.6) years, 29.3% had no formal education, 35.1% were brahmins, and 41.2% were homemakers. Prevalence of hypertension was 35.5%. Age, gender, education, marital status, smoking, alcohol consumption, salt adding habit, presence of diabetes status, use of cholesterol drugs and body mass index were significantly associated with hypertension. In multivariate analysis, age, gender, alcohol consumption, salt adding habit and body mass index were identified as significant factors for hypertension.\u0000Conclusions: The study concluded that the prevalence of hypertension in Pokhara metropolitan city was alarming. There were greater number of pre-hypertension cases which are in turn at great risk of developing hypertension if not intervene timely. Therefore, community awareness program on hypertension and its preventive measures is must in preventing the dreadful complications.","PeriodicalId":177622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130951766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of cervical rib in patients visiting department of Radiodiagnosis at a tertiary care hospital: A descriptive cross-sectional study","authors":"R. Pandit, Aarati Adhikari, Nitasha Sharma, H. Upadhyay","doi":"10.3126/jgmcn.v15i1.43938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v15i1.43938","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The cervical ribs are the supernumerary ribs that are often associated with neuro-vascular symptoms in thoracic outlet syndromes. The objective of the study is to find the prevalence of cervical ribs among the patients visiting the Radiodiagnosis department of a tertiary care hospital.\u0000Methods: This is a cross-sectional study comprising 1533 chest and cervical spine radiographs of patients visiting the Radiodiagnosis department of a tertiary care hospital from March to June 2021. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee at the College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital (Reference Number: COMSTH-IRC/2021-63). The presence or absence of a cervical rib was noted in the digital x-rays. The collected data were statistically analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 20.\u0000Results: The prevalence of cervical ribs was 1.5%, with males and females accounting for 0.85% and 0.65% respectively. Amongst the cases with cervical ribs, the unilateral (73.91%) cervical rib was significantly more than bilateral (26.01%) occurring more frequently on the left side. The cervical rib was found to be more predominant in males than in females without significant difference. Sexual dimorphism was not found to be significantly associated with laterality and sidedness of cervical ribs.\u0000Conclusions: The cervical ribs were commonly encountered in our study. As the presence of the cervical rib is one of the leading causes of thoracic outlet syndromes, clinicians should not overlook the existence of cervical ribs while ruling out the etiology of thoracic outlet syndromes.","PeriodicalId":177622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123001053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinico-epidemiological study on animal bite presenting to a tertiary care hospital in western part of Nepal","authors":"S. Pokhrel, Roshan Yadav, Karuna Sharma, A. Shrestha, Rekha Poudel, C. B. Pun","doi":"10.3126/jgmcn.v15i1.44791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v15i1.44791","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Animal bite is a common public health problem and dog bites are most common among them in Nepal. Rabies infection is of most significant concern following animal-bites’ injuries. This study aimed to assess the epidemiological variation in terms of demographic variables, type of animal, circumstances of bite, type and site of wound and outcome of the animal bite.\u0000Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at emergency department of Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre among animal-bite cases from October 1, 2020 to September 30, 2021 using a pre-designed questionnaire.\u0000Results: Out of total 217 cases of animal-bite included in the study, 65 (29.95%) were of 21 to 30 years and 129 (59.46%) were males, 120 (55.23%) cases hailed from rural area and 63 (29.03%) were farmers. Most cases 168 (77.42%) were bitten by dog among which 93 (55.35%) were owned dogs and only 22 dogs were vaccinated. A total of 127 (58.53%) were unprovoked and lower limb 130 (59.91%) was the commonest site. World Health Organization (WHO) Category II wound were the most commonly encountered 122 (56.22%). Majority 99 (45.62%) came to hospital within 25 to 48 hours of bite and after cleaning the wound site 115 (52.99%). Only 81 (37.78%) animals were observed for 10 days after the bite out of which 5 (6.09%) developed signs of rabies.\u0000Conclusions: Animal bite was common in males and source was owned dogs. Majority of the owned dogs were not vaccinated and most of the cases visited hospital without following first-aid measures.  ","PeriodicalId":177622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124505266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnitude and pattern of combination traumatic dental injuries: An institution based retrospective study in Nepal","authors":"Sanjeeb Chaudhary","doi":"10.3126/jgmcn.v15i1.42219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v15i1.42219","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Traumatic dental injuries can occur as combination injuries, where both fracture and luxation injuries occur concomitantly in the same tooth. The aim of this study was to evaluate prevalence of concomitant fracture and luxation injury (combination dental injuries) in permanent teeth.\u0000Methods: A total of 455 traumatized anterior teeth from 175 patients (131 males and 44 females; age ranged from 14 to 70 years), coming for treatment of traumatic dental injuries over a five-year period from January 2016 to December 2020 were included in the study. Patient’s age and sex, type of injury, type and number of injured teeth were recorded from the clinical and radiographic examination records. Descriptive statistical methods were used for data analysis.\u0000Results: A total of 257 teeth (56.48%) had fracture injury only, while 150 teeth (32.96%) were found to have luxation injury only. The most common isolated fracture injury was enamel-dentin fracture (n=93; 22.85%) and the most common isolated luxation injury was subluxation (n=77; 18.91%). A low prevalence of combination injury was observed in 48 teeth (10.54%). Enamel-dentin fracture (52.08%) was the most common fracture injury type presenting with a concomitant luxation injury. Similarly, the most frequent luxation injury type presenting with a concomitant crown fracture injury was subluxation (56.25%). The most common combination injury was enamel-dentin fracture in combination with subluxation injury (n=15; 31.25%).\u0000Conclusions: The magnitude of combination injury was low in this study and was frequently observed in males of young age groups. The most common combination injury was enamel-dentin fracture in combination with subluxation injury.  ","PeriodicalId":177622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal","volume":"614 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134003874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-infection with SARS CoV-2 and dengue virus with thrombocytopenia: A first case report from Nepal","authors":"S. Maharjan, Elina Maharjan, B. Bista","doi":"10.3126/jgmcn.v15i1.43017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v15i1.43017","url":null,"abstract":"Co-infection of COVID-19 with dengue infection is quite challenging to differentiate due to it’s overlapping clinical and laboratory manifestations. We report a 22-year-old female with presented to Civil Service Hospital, emergency department with complaints of persistent fever with multiple episodes of vomiting, headache and myalgia. On examination, she was ill-looking, dehydrated with a low blood. Reverse transcriptase – polymerase chain reaction of nasopharyngeal swab detected SARS CoV-2, and dengue antibodies IgM detected. She was conservatively managed in COVID-high care unit with regular laboratory monitoring of platelet level and discharged after ninth day of admission.","PeriodicalId":177622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130400762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stump Appendicitis with Diagnostic Dilemma: A Case Report","authors":"A. K. Sah, Rajeev Kumar Pandit, M. Shrestha, Sundar Maharjan, S. Sah","doi":"10.3126/jgmcn.v14i2.38083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v14i2.38083","url":null,"abstract":"Stump appendicitis is a rare delayed complication of incomplete appendectomy. The clinical symptoms and signs are like acute appendicitis. The possibility of stump appendicitis is not clear to all clinicians. It represents a diagnostic dilemma with incidence of one in 50,000 cases. We report how we encountered diagnostic dilemma during the management of a 30 years old male patient of acute abdomen with history of appendectomy done for acute appendicitis even years back.","PeriodicalId":177622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123051517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}